Cedar nut oil

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Cones of the Siberian stone pine
Siberian stone pine seeds
Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) seeds (pine nuts )
General chemical structure of vegetable oils - such as cedar nut oil - (R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are alkyl or alkenyl radicals with mostly an odd number of carbon atoms): triester of glycerol .

Zirbelnussöl also cedar nut oil , cedar nut oil or Cedernussöl called, is a vegetable oil selected from the seeds ( pine nuts called) of the Siberian stone pine ( Pinus sibirica ) or similar species of pine trees ( Pinus ), such as the Korean Pine ( Pinus koraiensis ), and the Dwarf Pine ( Pinus pumila ).

Cedar nut oil - a term based on Russian usage - should not be confused with cedar oil , the essential oil obtained from the wood of cedars (genus Cedrus ) . A distinction is next to the pine nut oil (pine, spruce or fir seed oil), the other Pinus TYPES as Pinus pinea , Pinus sylvestris , pinaster Pinus , Pinus picea or Picea abies comes.

use

The taste of the cedar nut oil is pleasantly nutty, the color light yellow to gold or amber. Because of the relatively low smoke point , it is less suitable as frying fat, but is used to "round off" the taste of food.

Before the October Revolution of 1917, oil was used for cooking in Russia , especially during Lent , when animal fats were forbidden. At that time, around 10 percent of Russian foreign exchange income was based on the export of "nut oil", mainly to France. Bread should stay fresh longer if a little cedar nut oil has been added to the dough.

Cedar nut oil is said to have an appetite-reducing effect. Studies have shown, among other things, a cholesterol-lowering effect and a positive influence on increased blood sugar levels . Cedar nut oil is said to reduce or even disappear the symptoms of inflammation of the gastric mucous membrane caused by gastritis .

Cedar nut oil is not suitable for technical uses, for example as a binder for oil paints . It is also used in cosmetics and as a massage oil.

composition

A study of the composition of cedar nut oil revealed a very high content of triesters ( triglycerides ) of glycerine with unsaturated fatty acid residues and - especially in pine seeds; bis - or polymethylene-interrupted isolenoic acids (NMI or PMI) - pinolen, dihomopinol, taxol and sciadonic acid residues in sometimes higher concentrations.

Fatty acid bound as a triglyceride Percentage
Linoleic acid 44-51.0%
Oleic acid 22-28%
Pinolenic acid 11.5-19%
Palmitic acid 4-7.5%
Stearic acid 2-3%
Gondo acid <2%
Arachidic acid 0.5%
Vaccenic acid <1%
Taxolenic acid <2.5%
Sciadonic acid <0.8%
Dihomopinolenic acid <0.8%
further eicosadienoic acid , gorlic acid <1.0%

The density is 0.930 g / l (at 15 ° C), the melting point is −20 ° C, the iodine number is 150–160, the saponification number is 190–192.

The oil is obtained by cold pressing from the kernels ( pine nuts ) of the peeled seeds (nuts). In order to increase the oil yield, attempts have been made using solvent extraction ( hexane , ethanol ). The seeds contain approx. 15%, the kernels approx. 50%, on average approx. 30–35% semi-drying , fatty oil.

literature

  • Sabine Krist: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. 2nd edition, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-1004-1 , pp. 645-651, 831-836.
  • Monika Vala: Selected vegetable fats and oils of pharmaceutical relevance. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2012, pp. 125–128, online (PDF; 1 MB), at othes.univie.ac.at, accessed on November 14, 2017.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Emil Abderhalden (Ed.): Biochemisches Handlexikon. III. Volume, Springer, 1911, ISBN 978-3642-51194-3 (reprint), p. 13 f.
  2. ^ Krist: p. 645.
  3. ^ Raw Foods Values ​​and Information . On pinenut.com. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
  4. ↑ FAO: Chapter 8: Seeds, Fruits and Cones . In: Non-wood forest products from conifers 1995.
  5. ↑ American Physiological Society : Pine Nut Oil Boosts Appetite Suppressors Up To 60 Percent For 4 Hours . In: Science Daily . April 4, 2006. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
  6. ↑ Siberian cedar nuts lower cholesterol . Medicine world. April 23, 2005. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
  7. ^ Otto Lueger : Lexicon of the entire technology and its auxiliary sciences. Vol. 1, Stuttgart / Leipzig 1920, p. 668 .: Cedar nut oil at Zeno.org .
  8. ↑ VI Deineka, LA Deineka: Triglyceride Composition of Pinus sibirica Oil . In: Chemistry of Natural Compounds . 39, No. 2, March 2003, p. 171. doi : 10.1023 / A: 1024857729235 .
  9. ↑ AB Imbs, NV Nevshupova, LQ Pham: Triacylglycerol composition of Pinus koraiensis seed oil. In: Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 75 (7), 1998, pp. 865-870, doi : 10.1007 / s11746-998-0238-x , online (PDF).
  10. ↑ R. Zadernowski, M. Naczk, S. Czaplicki: Chemical composition of Pinus sibirica nut oils. In: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 111 (7), 2009, pp. 698-704, doi : 10.1002 / ejlt.200800221 .
  11. ^ Heinz A. Hoppe: Drug Science. Volume 2, 8th edition, De Gruyter, 1977, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-084414-6 (reprint), p. 211.