Chinese juniper
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Chinese juniper ( Juniperus chinensis ) |
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The Chinese juniper ( Juniperus chinensis ) is a plant from the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). It is native to eastern Asia .
description
Appearance and leaf
The four varieties of Chinese juniper grow as evergreen prostrate and upright shrubs or as trees that can reach heights of up to 25 meters and diameters of up to 60 centimeters at chest height . Depending on the variety, the crown is conical or open, broad and irregular. The brown to cinnamon-colored trunk bark comes off in thin plates or strips. The branches are arranged spreading to upright, depending on the habit. The stalk-round or square branches are colored red-green, hairless and straight or slightly curved with a diameter of 1.0 to 1.2 millimeters.
There can be both flaky and needle-like leaves . The needle-shaped, almost lanceolate leaves are cross-opposite or in threefold whorls with a length of (rarely 3 to) 6 to 12 millimeters and a width of 0.8 to 1.5 millimeters . They have two white stomatous bands on the upper side of the leaf ; on the underside of the leaf they are light to dark green and slightly keeled. The scale-like, cross-opposed leaves are dark green, diamond-shaped, tightly pressed and blunt. They are 1.5 to 3 millimeters long and 1 millimeter wide and have an elongated gland on the underside of the leaf .
Generative characteristics
The Chinese juniper is mostly dioecious ( dioecious ) and rarely monoecious ( monoecious ) of separate sexes. The male cones appear in February to April and are single and terminal on the branches with scale-like leaves. They are ellipsoidal in shape and yellow in color and have a length of four to six millimeters and a width of two to three millimeters 14 to 18 microsporophylls , each of which has three or four pollen sacs. The roughly spherical seed cones have short stems and, depending on the variety, are brown to blue-black when ripe. They measure four to ten millimeters in diameter and usually contain three (rarely one, four or five) brown seeds .
Chromosome number
The chromosome numbers are 2n = 22, 33, 44.
Distribution and location
The Chinese juniper with its nominate form Juniperus chinensis var. Chinensis is native to China , Japan , Taiwan, Korea and Myanmar. Varieties can also be found in Far Eastern Russia. It inhabits rocky coastlines and rocky areas at altitudes of 1400 to 2300 meters.
Systematics
Juniperus chinensis was born in 1767 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum. Generum Editionis vi et Specierum Editionis II. P. 127, first described . Synonyms for Juniperus chinensis L. are Juniperus dimorpha Roxb. and Sabina chinensis (L.) Antoine .
Four varieties are described within this species:
- Juniperus chinensis var. Chinensis (syn .: Juniperus barbadensis Thunb. , Juniperus cabiancae Vis. , Juniperus cernua Roxb. , Juniperus flagelliformis hort. Ex Loudon , Juniperus fortunei hort. Ex Carrière , Juniperus sinensis J.F.Gmelin , Juniperus sphaerica Lindl. , Juniperus thunbergii Hook. & Arn. , Juniperus virginica Thunb. ): The nominate form is an upright shrub or tree. It is native to China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Myanmar.
- Juniperus chinensis var. Sargentii Henry (Syn .: Juniperus procumbens coffin. , Juniperus sargentii (Henry) Takeda ex Nakai ): It is native to northeastern China, far-eastern Russia, Korea and Japan.
- Juniperus chinensis var. Taiwanensis R.P.Adams & CFHsieh : She's on Taiwan endemic . It is used by some authors as a variety Juniperus tsukusiensis var. Taiwanensis (RPAdams & CFHsieh) RPAdams the type Juniperus tsukusiensis Masam. assigned.
- Juniperus chinensis var. Tsukusiensis (Masam.) Masam. (Syn .: Juniperus tsukusiensis Masam. ): The home is the Japanese island of Yakushima , located southeast of the main Japanese islands . Some authors also regard it as a separate species: Juniperus tsukusiensis Masam. .
Hazard and protection
Juniperus chinensis is listed by the IUCN on the Red List of Threatened Species and is listed as not endangered. As for the variety Juniperus chinensis var. Tsukusiensis also mentioned here , new data collections are considered necessary.
use
The Chinese juniper is a widely used horticultural plant and, along with the common juniper, is the most common type of juniper used as a garden plant. The varieties “Aurea”, “Blaauw”, “Kaizuka”, “Obelisk”, “Pyramidalis” and “Variegata” are mentioned in this context. The Chinese juniper is also used in the art of gardening bonsai .
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Juniperus chinensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, December 12, 2010, accessed January 22, 2012 .
literature
- Robert P. Adams: Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus . 2nd Edition. Trafford Publishing Co., Vancouver 2008, ISBN 978-1-4251-6880-3 , pp. 124-129 .
- Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams, Aljos Farjon: Cupressaceae . Juniperus . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. tape 4 . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Juniperus chinensis , pp. 74 (English, online - description and distribution - same text as the printed work).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Juniperus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ↑ Juniperus chinensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on February 8, 2012 Design.
- ↑ Juniperus chinensis var. Tsukusiensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: A. Farjon, 2007. Accessed 8 February 2012.
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-89731-900-4 , Juniperus chinensis , p. 491-492 .
