Cell suspension culture
A cell suspension culture is a cell culture in which, ideally, all the cells contained are individually in suspension . Depending on the method, this also leads to the formation of multicellular aggregates.
properties
The general definition of a cell suspension has so far been controversial. In the 1950s, attempts were made to create cultures of higher plants from individual cells, analogous to algae cultures . So far, this goal has only been achieved in very few cases. Even with a suspension that originates from a single cell, cell aggregates of different sizes are formed in the liquid medium at the beginning of growth, in addition to individually existing cells.
Plant cell suspensions can be generated in various ways. On the one hand, the middle lamellae can be broken down with the help of enzymes ; on the other hand, the cultures can be obtained by mechanical maceration . Mechanical abrasion of peripheral cell material from a callus is also possible . In contrast to a callus culture, there are usually significantly more different cell types to be found in a cell suspension. As a result, a greater cytological inhomogeneity of these cultures must be expected.
In animals, natural suspension cells are found in the blood and lymph , e.g. B. erythrocytes or immune cells . Tissue cells can be isolated by mechanical disintegration of the tissue and by enzymatic treatment with trypsin and kept in suspension culture.
use
Cell suspension cultures of mammalian cells are mainly used in the production of biopharmaceuticals . The cell types most frequently used for this purpose are CHO cells , hybridoma cells , HEK cells and BHK cells . Of these, only the hybridoma cells produced by the fusion of B lymphocytes and myeloma cells are suspension cells. The other cell types mentioned must first be adapted from adherent growth to growth in suspension. The large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals with adherent cell cultures is largely limited by the surface area available for the attachment of the cells. This limitation is avoided by culturing in suspension. Suspension cell cultures, on the other hand, are limited by the availability of nutrients and the accumulation of toxic metabolic end products (such as ammonium ) in the cell culture medium used. By using modern cell culture media with a balanced composition, cell densities of> 10 ^ 7 cells / mL can now be achieved. The individual metabolic properties of the cells must be taken into account. With the help of the perfusion culture , a further increase in cell density can be achieved.
literature
- Neumann, KH: Plant cell and tissue cultures. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sabine Schmitz: Der Experimentator: Zellkultur Spectrum Akademischer Verlag, 2011, ISBN 9783827425720 , pp. 72, 74, 79, 100f., 110.
- ↑ P. van Netten, J. Huis in 't Veld, DA Mossel: An in-vitro meat model for the immediate bactericidal effect of lactic acid decontamination on meat surfaces. In: The Journal of applied bacteriology. Volume 76, Number 1, January 1994, pp. 49-54, ISSN 0021-8847 . PMID 8144404 .