Zeruja (sister of David)

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Zeruja with her husband and three sons in the Isais family tree ( Schedelsche Weltchronik , Nuremberg 1493)

Zeruja is the daughter of Jesse in the Old Testament , sister of King David and mother of Joab , Abishai and Asaël .

etymology

The Hebrew name Zeruja is mostly written צְרוּיָה ṣərûjāh (so in 1 Sam 26,6  BHS ), but occasionally also צְרֻיָה ṣərujāh (only in 2 Sam 14,1  BHS , 16,9f BHS and 23,37 BHS ). It can be derived from the root צרה ṣrh , from which the noun צֳרִי ṣårî comes, which means "balsam" or more precisely the "resin of the mastic tree and turpentine pistachio ". Accordingly, the name is perhaps translated as "smelling of a fragrant resin".

In the Septuagint the name is given as Σαρουια Saruia ( 1 Kgt 26.6 LXX ).

Biblical narration

Zeruja herself is not reported in the biblical narratives. She is mentioned in the books of Samuel, Kings and Chronicles only as the mother of her sons, namely as mother of Abishai seven times, as mother of Joab, the general of David, twelve times and as mother of Asael four times. Here the usual mention of the father of a person is deviated from (e.g. David, the son of Jesse) and instead the mother is named (e.g. ... and ..., the sons of Zeruja).

In 2 Sam 17,25  EU next is Abigail called as a sister of Zeruiah, who was married to the Israelites Jeter and her son Amasa by Absalom is used as a military leader of Joab instead. Abigal's father, and therefore also Zeruja, is called Nahash.

In 1 Chr 2,13-17  EU Zeruja and Abigal (but here called Abigajil) are named as sisters of David. Zeruja's father is Isai . Other brothers of Zeruja are Eliab, Abinadab , Schima, Netanel , Raddai and Ozem.

The name of the father of zeruja in 2 Sam 17.25  EU Nahash contradicts the information given in 1 Chr 2.13  EU Isai . Most of the Greek manuscripts, including those of the Antiochene text , read Isai (Ιεσσαι) in 2 Sam 17.25 ; the Nahasch reading could be a text error in the Masoretic text that would have penetrated from v.27.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gesenius , 16th ed. 1915, pp. 694f.
  2. ↑ 1 Sam 26.6  EU , 2 Sam 16.9  EU , 18.2 EU , 19.22 EU , 21.17 EU , 23.18 EU , 1 Chr 18.12  EU .
  3. ↑ 2 Sam 2.13  EU , 8.16 EU , 14.1 EU , 2 Sam 23.37  EU , 1 Kings 1.7  EU , 2.5 EU , 2.22 EU , 1 Chr 11.6  EU , 11 .39 EU , 18.15 EU , 26.28 EU , 27.24 EU .
  4. ↑ 2 Sam 2.18  EU , 3.39 EU , 16.10 EU , 19.23 EU .
  5. ↑ See the apparatus of the Brooke – McLean edition .
  6. ^ Joachim Vette:  Amasa. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (Eds.): The Scientific Biblical Lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff.