Ziegelböhm

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As brick Bohemia was workers of the brick factories in the south of Vienna referred to the 19th century, mostly Bohemian / Moravian was descent. The expression is mostly used in the dialect form as Ziagl behm . In addition to the “brick beaters”, there were the mortar mixers (“Maltaweiber” or Meutaweiba) and the “ Sandler ”, who strewed sand into the brick molds so that the clay would not stick.

The brickworks themselves were extremely important economically for Vienna, so de facto the entire structure as well as the magnificent buildings on Vienna's Ringstrasse were built with bricks .

In his socially critical, investigative reports , it was above all the doctor and co-founder of the Austrian social democracy, Victor Adler , who drew attention to the devastating conditions and the exploitation ( truck system ) of workers in the clay pits and production plants in the south of Vienna .

See also

literature

  • Victor Adler : The situation of the brickworkers . In: equality . No. 51 , December 22, 1888, p. 11 ff . ( Paywall [accessed October 8, 2019]).

Web links

  • Karl Pufler: " Born before 50 men" . In: Wiener Zeitung . August 4, 2000, p. 6 ([ Web archive ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )] [accessed October 8, 2019]).
  • Anita Winkler: The "Ziegelbehm" from Wienerberg and imperial building projects. (No longer available online.) Habsburger.net, formerly in the original ; accessed on October 2, 2011 : “The affluent population of Vienna showed little sympathy for the plight of the working masses. Viktor Adler and two brickworkers even received fines for unauthorized distribution of the magazine 'equality'. "
  • Vienna around 1900: About "Ziegelbehm" and "Malta women". Die Presse , September 27, 2011, accessed October 2, 2011 .
  • Viktor Velek: Vienna, you foreign city ... (PDF 415kB) University of Vienna , August 6, 2009, accessed on October 2, 2011 : “The most striking characteristic of this second group is their rapid assimilation: 'The Viennese Bohemians needed work, and that meant Back then: Don't attract attention and don't get involved in Czech. ' […] The first generation learned German, the third no longer spoke any Czech at all. […] The 19th century was the century of nationalism. After the revolution in 1848, fear of the Slavs and the 'Czechization' of Vienna grew. For example, in order to obtain citizenship one had to first swear by the 'German character of Vienna' ” .
    Vlg. Also §10 municipal statute for the imperial capital and residence city of Vienna of March 24, 1900: “The admitted citizen has to take an oath in front of the mayor that he conscientiously fulfills all civic duties according to the regulations of the municipal statute, promotes the best of the community and the I want to maintain the character of the city of Vienna as the imperial capital and residence city, as well as the German character of the city as much as possible. "
  • Vienna and the "Ziegelböhm" - Oral History Video and text accompanying the traveling exhibition of the same name in Vienna 2014/15

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl R. Stadler: Victor Adler . In: Walter Pollak (Ed.): A thousand years of Austria. A Biographical Chronicle , Volume 3: Parliamentarism and the Two Republics. Verlag Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1974, ISBN 3-7141-6523-1 , pp. 50–60, here p. 57; and SPÖ favorites: Victor Adler and the brick workers
  2. ↑ Johannes Luxner: Much misery for the shine. In: orf.at . May 1, 2015, accessed October 8, 2019 .
  3. ↑ § 10 municipal statute , swearing in civic duties , LGBl. F. Lower Austria. No. 17/1900 (= p. 21 ff.). Retrieved April 1, 2014 .