Cinnamon marsh chicken
| Cinnamon marsh chicken | ||||||||||||
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Cinnamon marsh chicken |
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| Zapornia fusca | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1766) |
The Zimtsumpfhuhn ( Zapornia fusca , Syn. : Porzana fusca ) is a type of Rails , belonging to the genus today Zapornia is counted. Previously it was assigned to the genus of the moorhens ( Porzana ). It is a small, dark and short-tailed species of railing that occurs in south and east Asia.
The stock situation of the cinnamon marsh fowl is given as harmless ( least concern ). Several subspecies are distinguished.
Appearance
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The cinnamon marsh chicken reaches a body length of 21 to 22 centimeters and weighs an average of 60 grams. There is no conspicuous sexual dimorphism , the females are only slightly lighter and have a whitish throat.
The forehead, the front parting, the stripe above the eyes and the sides of the head are red-brown. The back of the head, the nape of the neck, the back of the neck and the rest of the top of the body are dark olive in color. The tail plumage is a little darker. The chin and the middle of the throat are whitish. The rest of the throat, fore neck, chest and upper abdomen are reddish brown. The lower belly, the thighs and the flanks are dark olive-colored with a very fine, inconspicuous whitish transverse banding. This is somewhat more pronounced on the rear flanks, the rump and the under tail-coverts. The beak is greenish to brownish green. The tip of the lower mandible is yellowish. The iris is red and surrounded by a narrow red orbital ring. The legs and feet are orange-red to brick-red.
Young birds are a little darker than the adult birds. The outer eye stripe and the sides of the face as well as the neck are matt white. The throat and chin are also matt white. The rest of the underside of the body is cross-banded white and gray-brown. The iris is brown.
Distribution area
The distribution area of the cinnamon marsh grouse extends from Pakistan through India , Nepal and Sri Lanka to Indonesia and the east of China as well as Korea and Japan . In a southerly direction, this type of rail occurs in the Philippines and the Malay Peninsula as far as Indonesia. The cinnamon marsh was already seen as a random visitor on Christmas Island .
The habitat of the cinnamon marsh grouse are wetlands in open landscapes. It occurs in marshes, swamps, reed belts, rice fields and on wet meadows on the edge of lakes and canals. The altitude distribution extends from the lowlands to the foothills of the Himalayas, where the cinnamon marsh grouse can still be found at an altitude of 2000 meters.
The majority of the population are resident birds .
Way of life
The cinnamon marsh fowl eats molluscs, insects living in and around water and their larvae, seeds and the shoots of marsh plants. While foraging for food, the cinnamon marsh hen usually does not leave cover. The breeding season in Kashmir and the northwest of Pakistan falls from June to August. In Japan, however, the species breeds from March to September.
Systematics
The cinnamon moorhen is still often assigned to the genus of the marsh fowl ( Porzana ). In a molecular biological study by Slikas et al. from 2002, however, several clades were visible within the moorhens of the genus Porzana . This knowledge was followed by a division of this genus and corresponding nomenclature measures. These have not yet been finally confirmed, but have since been included in well-known monographs and lists. The Zimtsumpfhuhn was doing the genus Zapornia assigned
Subspecies
So far, four subspecies are known:
- Zapornia fusca fusca ( Linnaeus , 1766) occurs in Pakistan and northern India to Malaysia , Indonesia and the Philippines .
- Zapornia fusca zeylonica ( Baker, ECS , 1927) is widespread in western and south-western India and Sri Lanka .
- Zapornia fusca phaeopyga Stejneger , 1887 occurs on the Ryūkyū Islands .
- Zapornia fusca erythrothorax ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1849) is widespread in southeastern Siberia through northeastern China , Korea and Japan , as well as to Taiwan .
literature
- Bruce M. Beehler, Thane K. Pratt: Birds of New Guinea; Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-16424-3 .
- PJ Higgins (Ed.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds , Volume 2, Raptors to Lapwings, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993, ISBN 0-19-553069-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Handbook of the Birds of the World zum Zimtsumpfhuhn accessed on May 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b Higgins (Ed.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds . Volume 2, p. 557.
- ↑ a b Higgins (Ed.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds . Volume 2, p. 558.
- ↑ Beth Slikas, Storrs L. Olson & Robert C. Fleischer: Rapid, independent evolution of flightlessness in four species of Pacific Island rails (Rallidae): an analysis based on mitochondrial sequence data. Journal of Avian Biology, 33, 1, pp. 5-14, 2002
- ^ EC Dickinson & JV Remsen, Jr. (Eds.): The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th edition, Vol. 1. Non-passerines. Aves Press, 2013, pp. 149-161 ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8
- ^ IOC World Bird List Rails, gallinules, trumpeters, cranes