Circumpolar (geography)

In geography and biology , circumpolar (also circumpolar , from Latin circum "around" and ancient Greek πόλος pólos "earth, celestial axis, north / south pole") are phenomena and forms of life that spread around the world in a certain radius around the poles are e.g. B. the permafrost soil and the vegetation of the Arctic or subarctic ( tundra ). the circumpolar air current ( west wind drift ) or the circumpolar current around the Antarctic .

Human or shaman on the back of a bear. Nunavik ( North du Québec 1950)

In settlement geography and cultural anthropology , the term is used as a comprehensive term for the indigenous peoples of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic, whose culture is characterized by a number of common features (in some cases highly specialized hunters and / or animal breeders, shamanism with bear dance ).

biogeography

In biogeography , the term has an expanded meaning. Here life forms or ecosystems are referred to as circumpolar, which exist within a geozone or climatic zone (i.e. not only limited to polar and subpolar regions, but between certain latitudes , but with regional modifications due to altitude, oceanity / continentality, temperature and water availability) on several continents or are distributed worldwide. Examples of this are the water hyacinth in equatorial waters, the rough horned leaf and the common gull between 50 and 70 degrees north latitude or the limpet nacella polaris in the Antarctic circumpolar current .

Individual evidence

↑ DA Walker u.nbsp; a .: Circumpolar Arctic vegetation: a hierarchic review and roadmap toward an internationally consistent approach to survey, archive and classify tundra plot data. In: Environmental Research Letters, 11 (2016) 5. doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/055005.
↑ Takashi Irimoto, Takako Yamada (Ed.): Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. University of Tokyo Press, 1994, ISBN 9780860085157 .
↑ Claudio Gaonzález-Wevar u. a .: Following the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: patterns and processes in the biogeography of the limpet 'Nacella' (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) across the Southern Ocean. In: Journal of Biogeography. Wiley Online Library, 2016. doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12908.

[1] DA Walker u.nbsp; a .: Circumpolar Arctic vegetation: a hierarchic review and roadmap toward an internationally consistent approach to survey, archive and classify tundra plot data. In: Environmental Research Letters, 11 (2016) 5. doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/055005.

[2] Takashi Irimoto, Takako Yamada (Ed.): Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. University of Tokyo Press, 1994, ISBN 9780860085157 .

[3] Claudio Gaonzález-Wevar u. a .: Following the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: patterns and processes in the biogeography of the limpet 'Nacella' (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) across the Southern Ocean. In: Journal of Biogeography. Wiley Online Library, 2016. doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12908.