Citadel of Lille
.jpg)
The Citadel of Lille ( French Citadel de Lille) is a 1668 to 1671 after a design by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban scale bastion fortress . It was built in the west of the city center of Lille, separated from it by the esplanade, in a floodable former moor area on the Deûle near today's border with Belgium in France .
history
The Queen of the citadels (fr. Reine des citadels ) designated plant in the form of a regular pentagon was built shortly after the capture of the city (1667) by French troops as part of a defensive belt along the French northeastern frontier. Vauban's master builder was Simon Vollant . Vauban also became its first governor . In 1934 it was classified as a Monument historique .
Until 1999 there was a Corps de réaction rapide France ( barracks of the rapid reaction force ).
The memorial for Léon Trulin, who was executed by the German military for espionage in the First World War, is located in one of the defensive trenches .
investment
The citadel has the five bastions Anjou , La Reine , Turenne , Le Dauphin and Le Roi , which can provide mutual cover. The outer walls used to be crowned by a rifle circle and watchtowers. Access is via the Porte Royale with a drawbridge and an inscription formerly glorifying the Sun King Louis XIV , and through the Porte Dauphine in the southwest. In the citadel, the buildings are arranged around the pentagonal armory : church, commanders, governors, officers and crew barracks (for the first time in France), arsenal, powder depot. The Jesuit-style chapel is vaulted with a wooden barrel, surrounded by a floodable (lock) apron.
Movie
- Stan Neumann: Architecture - The Citadel of Lille. France, 2011, 26 min. (Documentation with clear animations of the structure and function of the fortress parts; German / French)
model
After the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, 19 of the Parisian Vauban models were brought to the Zeughaus in Berlin . Most of the Berlin models were destroyed in 1945, with the exception of the Citadel of Lille.
literature
- André Pierrard: La Belle Vie Au Pays Noir. G. Blondel, 1979, ISBN 2-902970-01-3 . (French)
- François Hanscotte, Nicolas Faucherre, Pascal Lemaître (photos): La route des villes fortes en Nord: Les étoiles de Vauban. 2004, ISBN 2-914119-26-7 (French).
Web links
- Data sheet at structurae.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ There is a bronze monument to him near the Lille Opera, in rue Léon Trulin : Lille - Monument to Léon Trulin. wegedererinnerung-nordfrankreich.com
- ^ Poster of the German military governor
Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ′ 18 ″ N , 3 ° 2 ′ 40 ″ E