Zuigan-ji
Zuigan-ji ( Japanese 瑞 巌 寺 ), detailed ( 松 島 青龍山 瑞 巌 円 福 禅寺 , Shōtō Seiryū-zan Zuigan Enpuku Zenji ) is an important temple of Tōhoku in Matsushima (Miyagi) . He belongs to the Rinzai - Myōshin-ji -direction of Zen Buddhism .
history
The temple is said to have been founded in 828 by the priest Jikaku daishi Ennin (794-864), the head of the Hiei-zan . Its name at the time "Enpuku-ji" was derived from the Hiei Enreki-ji, and like this he belonged to the Tendai movement . The temple was also called "Shōtō-ji" in the Sino-Japanese reading of "Matsushima". The Ōshū-Fujiwara in Hiraizumi were among the supporters .
In the Kamakura period , the temple lost its membership of the Tendai by Shikken Hōjō Tokiyori (1227-1263). Under the monk Hosshin (Makabe Heishirō) the temple changed to the Rinzai direction of Zen. He kept the same name, but wrote himself with a different character for "En". The temple became one of the Bitttempel ( Goraijo ) of the shogunate , and also in the Muromachi period he was able to maintain his high position, but in the Sengoku period began the decline. In the Tenshō period (1573–1593) there was a connection to the Myōshin-ji direction of the Rinzai.
A revival of the temple took place from 1600 under Daimyō Date Masamune , who had established himself in Sendai . First, the small temple on an island near the shore, the Godaidō , was restored until 1604 . In the same year Masamune personally determined the layout of the temple complex to be built, and construction began the following year. The cedar wood was brought from Kumano ( Province Kii ), the famous masters of the Umemura family were called from Kyoto, and the masters from the Osakabe and other families from Wakayama. A total of 130 excellent craftsmen came to Matsushima. After four years of construction, the temple complex, which now also served as a burial place for Date, was completed in 1609.
After Masamune's death in 1636, priest Ungō Zenshi (1582–1658) took over the further construction. The secondary temples Entsū-in, Yōtoku-in, Tenrin-in, Tendō-an and others emerged, so that the temple district (the Garan) comprised about 30 buildings. There were also 70 branch temples. Matsuo Bashō , who visited the temple on his journey through the north , noted impressed: 「金 壁 荘 厳 を 輝 し」 ( Kompeki sōgon o kagayakashi ), for example, "Surrounded by golden walls, the ornament also shines."
After the Meiji Restoration, the temple lost many sponsors, so that today there are only a few other buildings apart from the former.
The temple suffered major damage from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake .
The temple complex
- Sōmon, the outer entrance gate, dates from 1609.
- Sandō, the path leading to the temple complex, is lined with tall sickle firs. In the Edo period, the side temples (Tatchū) stood here to the right and left.
- Nakamon, the inner entrance gate as Shikyakumon, leads to the inner district
- Onarimon, the gate for the distinguished visitor, is designed as a yakuimon.
- The main building (Hondō) is a combination of the Buddha Hall and Shoin . With a front length of 39 m and a building depth of 25.2 m, it has considerable dimensions. ( National treasure )
- Onari-genkan, the entrance to the Hondō for high-ranking visitors, is also called "Otsuji-gata genkan" because of its lush roof
- The refectory (Kuri) measures 13.78 × 23.64 m.
- Hosshin's burial cave
- museum
Equipment of the Hondō
The Hondō is divided into the following rooms, whose sliding doors ( Fusuma , Sugito) u. a. Hasegawa Tōin painted directly on wood and is registered as an important cultural asset .
- Shitchū ( 室 中 ) or Kujaku-no-ma ( 孔雀 の 間 ): "middle room" or "peacock room", painted by Sakuma Sakyō.
- Butsuma ( 仏 間 ): sanctuary.
- Bun'ō-no-ma ( 文王 の 間 ): "King Wén (Japanese Bun'ō) (1152-1056 BC) on the hunt".
- Jōdan-no-ma ( 上 段 の 間 ): Reception room of the daimyō (painted by Hasegawa Tōin) with a splendid toko-no-ma, written on a tray with the characters "Enman", written by the 5th daimyō Yoshimura 1734.
- Jōjōdan-no-ma ( 上 々 段 の 間 ): a narrow side room.
- Rakan-no-ma ( 羅漢 の 間 ): "Rakan (Buddha disciple) room".
- Sumie-no-ma ( 墨 絵 の 間 ): “Ink painting room”, painted in black and white by Kibi-no-Kōeki.
- Kiku-no-ma ( 菊 の 間 ): "Chrysanthemum room", room of the court doctor (painted by Sakuma Sakyō).
- Matsu-no-ma ( 松 の 間 ): "Pine room", painted by Kyūmaru, a student of Sakyō.
- Taka-no-ma ( 鷹 の 間 ): "Falcon room", room of the Chancellor of the Date. Painted by Kyūmaru.
Rock tombs
Zuigan-ji has a number of grave sites that have been cut into the surrounding rock face. The grave sites originated in the Kamakura period and were still used in the Edo period. The grave of Priest Hosshin (8) is particularly well cared for.
museum
The Museum of the Temple (9), which opened on October 1, 1995, displays the collection of the temple. This includes
- Sculptures, including Date Masamune, 27 years old, in full armor on a folding chair,
- Pictures, including a hanging scroll depicting Ungo Kiyō,
- Documents, including the Tendai-ki, the history of Enryaku-ji monastery,
- Tea bowls,
- No masks,
- As a rarity, two candle holders made of Venetian glass, brought from Rome by Hasegawa Rokuemon .
Remarks
- ↑ a b See Gates (Japanese Temple Architecture) .
- ↑ Tōin, only known through his work on Zuigan-ji, was a student of Hasegawa Tōhaku . He is said to have been commissioned by Masamune personally.
literature
- Temple brochure, 2000. 48 pp.
Web links
- Side of the temple. (Japanese)
Individual evidence
- ↑ K. Ozawa: "Oku no hosomichi" Shinkaisetsu . Toyo shuppan, 2007, ISBN 978-4-8096-7541-6 , p. 118.
Coordinates: 38 ° 22 ′ 19.8 " N , 141 ° 3 ′ 34.5" E