Twelve families of Soria

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Coat of arms of the twelve families of Soria from 1778

The twelve families of Soria ( Spanish : Doce Linajes de Soria) form the community and institution of the noble families of the Spanish city of Soria , the capital of the province of Soria in the east of the autonomous region of Castile and León .

history

They form the ancestral home (span: Casa Troncal) of the noble families of Soria, who made up the patriciate of this city. Since the Middle Ages, they had special municipal rights, which were granted to them until the end of 1836. The Community of the Twelve Sexes of Soria is now a Spanish aristocratic institution of the descendants of the old families and maintains charitable and social activities for the benefit of the city.

The origin of the aristocratic community goes back to the time of the resettlement of Soria by King Alfonso I of Aragon . A special privilege was granted to the twelve families under King Ferdinand IV in 1342 , through which the knights of this community were allowed to put the bodyguards of the royal family on campaigns and were responsible for their protection.

Gender house

Family house from 1605 to 1897 (right), today the seat of the city administration

Traditionally they gathered the Twelve Sexes in the church of San Miguel de Montenegro, but this was destroyed in 1581 and it was decided to buy a house on the south side of the central city center (Plaza Mayor). The first meeting in the house, which has since been adorned with the round coat of arms of the Twelve Sexes, took place on February 5, 1605. It was the seat of the community until July 30, 1897, when the Soria Council purchased the property for 6,325 pesetas to make it the official seat. In 1978 it was expanded on the right side and in 2007 the entire front was designed uniformly with an expansion on the left side. Since the sale of the family house, the general meetings have taken place in different places, in recent years also in the old place in the town hall of Soria.

Privileges and privileges in city government

All the following offices in the city council were recruited and selected exclusively from the circle of the noble descendants of the twelve sexes; they had to be able to prove a patrilineal or matrilineal descent from these twelve families.

  • Occupation of the head of justice of the city.
  • Occupation of 18 councilor seats in the city council.
  • Occupation of the commander of the fortress of Soria.
  • Occupation of the head of the police.
  • Occupation of the envoy to the Cortes.
  • Appointment of the aldermen of the municipalities.

The twelve lineages

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At the moment there are nine (out of 12 indicated) lineages that are described. Either descriptions are missing or there is no indication as to why there are actually fewer.
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The twelve families of Soria are divided into twelve lineages. Each of these lines has either a common ancestor, a common place of origin or a hereditary office from the time of the resettlement of Soria after the Reconquista in the Middle Ages. Three lineages have the same name and are therefore represented twice in the Community coat of arms (Chancillers, Morales and Salvadores). In the past, each trunk line had its own meeting place for internal affairs, which was located in one of the churches in Soria. The community meetings took place in the gender house.

I. Barnuevo

The origins of this house lie in the founding of a new district during the resettlement of Soria, to which the documented name "Barrionuevo" refers. The members of this family founded the now defunct Parish Church of Our Lady of Barnuevo , where they held their meetings and where there was a hereditary funeral. The church was destroyed in the Spanish Civil War.

II. Calatañazor

The founders of this line come from the village of the same name. They built the parish church of Our Lady of Calatañazor in Soria . This church was demolished in the 18th century.

III. Chancilleres (San Bartolomé) and IV. Chancilleres (San Juan)

This line divides into two houses and is therefore counted twice in the circle of the twelve sexes. Both sex meetings took place in the Church of St. Bartholomew .

V. Don Vela

The founder of the family is Don Vela de Castillia . They had their meetings in the parish church of San Juan des Naharros . The church was demolished in 1577.

VI. Morales (Blancos) and VII. Morales (Negros)

This line is divided into two houses: The Whites and the Black Morales. Some were located in the Church of Our Lady of the Five Cities , now the Nuestra Señora del Carmen Monastery, and the others gathered in the Church of San Miguel de Cabrejas , below the castle.

VIII. Salvadores (Someros) and IX. Salvadores (Hondoneros)

This house also has two branches. Martín Salvador gave this line its name. In the history of the Cid it is said that with this illustrious figure from Valencia came his adjutant Antolín Sánchez de Soria . Together they raised "40 spears" (que entre fijos y parientes llevaba 40 lanzas). This line was taken up by the Ríos family (also: Casa de los Condes de Gómara), who enjoyed the extraordinary privilege of "fluctuosas". This privilege consisted in the fact that they were allowed to appropriate an heirloom from anyone who died under their rule. The house also belonged to Blasco de Barnuevo , who captured King Francis I of France in the Battle of Pavia . The events are recorded in a remarkable manuscript. The two branches of this house met in the church of San Nicolas ; the Hondoneros in the portico and the Someros in the choir.

X. San Llorente

It is the oldest house. Their meeting took place in the church of San Lorenzo (ancient: San Llorente). The church also gave the line its name. This church was finally closed in 1663 and used as a barracks around 1736; It disappeared in the 18th century.

XI. Santa Cruz

Legend has it that the descendants of this house are descended from “Megara the Glorious Centurion”, who found faith through the apostle James when a floating cross appeared to him. This line took its name from the Santa Cruz parish church , one of the oldest in Soria , where they held their meetings. This church was completely abandoned around 1826 and disappeared during the 19th century.

XII. Santisteban

The members of this line met in the parish church of San Esteban , and from 1804 in the church of San Juan de Rabanera .

Similar institutions

In many other European cities there are similar patrician political societies, such as the seven noble houses of Brussels , the tribes of Galway , the Paraiges of Metz , the Estendes of Verdun or the old Limpurg estate in Frankfurt am Main.

literature

  • Mª de los Ángeles Sobaler Seco: Oligarquía y poder en Soria, La institución de los "Doce Linajes" en los siglos XVI y XVII , Editorial: JUNTA DE CASTILLA Y LEON, Salamanca 2007.
  • FM de las Heras Borrero: La Asociacion de los Doce Linajes Troncales de Caballeros Hijosdalgos de Soria. In: Hidalguia , Madrid, 1983: 165-176.
  • François Schoonjans: Speaking of the Douze Lignages de Soria. Essai analogique. In: Les Lignages de Bruxelles , Brussels , 1983, n ° 95-96: 97-112.
  • María Asenjo González: Espacio y sociedad en la Soria medieval, siglos XIII-XV, Soria. Ediciones de la Excma, Diputación Provincial de Soria , 1999.
  • C. Merchán Fernández: Gobierno municipal y administración local en la España del Antiguo Régimen. Madrid, 1988.
  • A. Domínguez Ortiz: Las clases privilegiadas en el Antiguo Régimen. Madrid, 1973.
  • Raúl Molina Recio, Antonio J. Mialdea Baena, Juan A. Gavilán Sánchez: La ville en Europe. 23-29 avril 1998, Université Paris 13, campus de l'IUT de Saint-Denis, Les manifestations du pouvoir dans la ville: Cordoue, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Référence principale, avec abondante bibliography: François Schoonjans, "À propos des Douze Lignages de Soria. Essai analogique", dans, Les Lignages de Bruxelles , Bruxelles, 1983, n ° 95-96, pp.97 à 112 et A. van Dievoet, "Lignages de Bruxelles et d'ailleurs", dans: Les lignages de Bruxelles. De brusselse geslachten , n ° 166, Bruxelles, juillet 2010, pp. 363-371.
  2. ↑ La Gacetilla de Hidalgos de España. N ° 520 Octubre, Noviembre, Diciembre 2009. Heras y Borrero, Francisco M. de las. "La Casa Troncal de los Doce Linajes de Soria. La última restauración de una corporación noble", págs. 18-21.
  3. ↑ Leyendas de la Plaza Mayor de Soria. Retrieved May 25, 2017 (Spanish).
  4. ↑ Ayuntamiento de Soria - Casa de los Doce Linajes (actual Ayuntamiento). Retrieved May 25, 2017 (Spanish).