Tribes of Galway

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The 14 banners of the tribes of Galway

The tribes of Galway (English: Tribes of Galway ) were 14 medieval trading families in the western Irish city ​​of Galway . From around the 13th to the 17th century, they dominated the region's trade with continental Europe. As "Tribes of Galway" ( English Tribes of Galway ) described them in derogatory manner intentioned first time Oliver Cromwell . The families later adopted this name for their patrician society .

history

These are the Athy , Blake , Bodkin , Browne , D'Arcy , Deane , Ffont , Ffrench , Joyce , Kirwan , Lynch , Martin , Morris and Skeritt families . 13 of them are of Anglo-Norman or Cambro-Norman origin. Some came to the island as early as 1170 with Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (called Strongbow). Only the Kirwan's descend from Irish ancestors. Descendants of the families can still be found in and around Galway. The Athy, Deane, Ffont, and Skerritt have become rare, however.

In 1124 one of the Irish clans built a fortification near the small fishing village of Claddagh on the lower reaches of the Corrib . The first English invaders to penetrate Connacht failed in 1178. In 1232 Richard de Burgh occupied the area and turned it into an English outpost in western Ireland. The tribal families who arrived in Galway sometime after de Burgh's conquest were regarded in the region as English nobility and initially lived separately from the Irish, who lived in the Claddagh and the surrounding area and were temporarily not allowed to enter the city. From 1333 (assassination of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster ) to 1485, the city was under the control of the leaders of the Clanricade (Clan Richards). The town called Galway was granted town charter by Richard II in 1396 . In 1473, Galway was destroyed by a major fire, but rebuilt.

In 1504, when the city had grown rich, Ulick Fionn Burke of Clanricarde conquered the city. Gerald von Kildare , the English Lord Deputy , met him on the hill of Knoc-tuadh, about seven miles from Galway, and was victorious in the Battle of Knockdoe. William and the others were captured and the city fortified. About 100 years later, the English pressure brought the population together for the Irish Rebellion of 1641. For many families in the city, Irish had become the second or even first language. During the Irish Confederate Wars (1641-1653) Galway was under the responsibility of the tribes on the side of the Confederate Catholics. For this the tribes were punished after the conquest of Ireland by Oliver Cromwell . The city was besieged and after Galway's surrender in April 1652, the tribes had to submit to the confiscation of their position. The arrangement known as the Galway Agreement was adopted by the English Parliament in October 1654, but despite a certain share of power during the reign of Charles II (1660–1685) and during the Williamite or Jacobite War in Ireland as the "War of the Two Kings" known war (1689–91), the tribes in the city had lost their power.

Significant members of the tribes

The first recorded member of the Lynch family, who lived in the city as early as 1185, was William Lynch (called "Le Petit"). His son Nicholas married the sole heiress of a wealthy and famous family, and the Lynch family remained the leading of the tribes. In 1485, Peirce Lynch was the first in a line of over 80 mayors to assume the newly created office. The Lynchs dominated the office until 1654. From 1841 to 1937 there were no mayors in Galway. A member of the Lynch family is responsible for the term " lynching ", which entered international parlance. Members of the family still live in Galway to this day. 1989 and 1998 was with Angela Lynch-Lupton († 2007) the 84th member of this family mayor of Galway.

Captain James Blake (1588-1635 - called "the Spanish") was an English secret agent in the Nine Years' War in Ireland (1594-1603). It is said that he was responsible for the fatal assassination attempt on "Red" Hugh Roe O'Donnell in Spain in 1602.

Richard Martin (1754–1834 - called Humanity Dick) was an advocate of Irish Catholic emancipation and founder of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) was President of the Royal Irish Academy in 1791. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1782 for contributions to analytical chemistry.

Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin (1915-99), 6th President of the International Olympic Committee (1972-80), was a descendant of the Morris tribe.

14 roundabouts in Galway are named after the families.

See also (similar companies)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Most of the Normans who invaded Ireland come from Wales , which is why medievalists refer to them as Cambro-Normans
  2. ↑ https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ie=UTF8&t=m&oe=UTF8&msa=0&mid=16E_62M9UoJo1pQ5oAkz_RcPZ1Ic&ll=53.27556554166407%2C-9.045159999999992&z=12

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