Cylinder diaper snail
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Cylinder diaper snail ( Truncatellina cylindrica ) |
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| Truncatellina cylindrica | ||||||||||||
| ( A. Férussac , 1807) |
The cylinder nappy snail ( Truncatellina cylindrica ) is a species of the nappy snail family (Vertiginidae) from the suborder of the land snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The (almost) cylindrical housing , flattened and rounded at the apex, is 1.52 to 2.25 mm high (mean 1.82 mm), 0.78 to 0.94 mm wide (mean 0.86 mm) and right-hand wound. It has 5½ to 6 whorls. The first four turns are moderately rounded on the outside, the last two turns are flattened on the outside. They also gain more quickly in height. The mouth is elliptical, but obliquely flattened at the top. The comparatively sharp and delicate edge of the mouth is only slightly thickened with lips, and only very slightly, at the spindle and basal edge a little more bent. There are no "teeth" protruding into the mouth. The deep needle-shaped navel is exposed.
The casing is pale horn-colored, the non-shiny surface has fine, regular and close-fitting, fine ribs. The spaces are a little as wide as the ribs. According to observations on animals from Poland, the interruptions in growth during winter are marked by light stripes and slight irregularities in the shell.
The genital apparatus is comparatively very simple. In the male tract, the sperm duct (vas deferens) branches off early from the egg duct (sperm duct). It is only slightly twisted and penetrates the penis apically. The penis quickly reaches its maximum thickness, which decreases by half in the last quarter towards the atrium. The retractor muscle attaches to the apical part of the penis. In the female tract, the free fallopian tube (oviduct) is slightly shorter than the vagina. The stem of the spermathec is comparatively short and thin, the bladder small and oblong-oval.
Similar species
The shell is very similar to the shell of the beaded cylinder nappy snail ( Truncatellina costulata ) and the southern cylinder nappy snail ( Truncatellina callicratis ), the latter is somewhat slimmer, in both species it is cylindrical, while the shell of the cylinder nappy snail is very slightly conical. The shell of the southern cylinder diaper snail has strong, sharp and less dense ribs and a wide mouth. Southern and beaded cylinder nappies have three teeth protruding into the mouth; However, the southern cylindrical snail has populations with poorly developed teeth.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The area of the cylinder nappy snail extends from England in the west to central Russia and the Caucasus. It is widespread in Central Europe, but the occurrences are very dispersed. In the south the area extends to North Africa, in the southeast over the Balkan Peninsula to Turkey and Israel. In the south it rises to 2800 m above sea level. In the north the area extends to southern Scandinavia (Danish and Swedish Baltic Sea islands); here the occurrences are limited to the coastal areas.
The species lives in dry to moderately dry locations such as grasslands, between rocks, scree slopes and, more rarely, on sand dunes on different but calcareous soils. It is also rarely found in grassy places in sparse forests. In Central Europe it occurs typically under Sedum and Artemisia on the poor grassland . In Switzerland, it was also found on dry limestone rocks exposed to the south.
Way of life
According to observations made in Poland, the animals laid their eggs from mid-June to late August. Only 4 to 11 comparatively very large eggs were laid per animal. The egg shape was very variable, from spherical, flattened-spherical to almost lenticular, and ovoid to flattened ovoid. The diameter is about 0.5 to 0.6 mm. The outer shell is mineralized by incoherent calcium carbonate crystals. If the eggs dried out a little, the crystals joined together to form a dense shell and thus protect the embryo from drying out. The young animals hatched after 12 to 24 days, at a temperature of 21 to 23 ° C most animals hatched after 16 to 17 days, rarely longer. At the time of hatching, 1.2 to 1.3 turns are formed. Around 30% of the young reach sexual maturity in the same year, the rest overwinter with shells of one to four coils and become sexually mature in the spring of the following year. They usually die after they lay eggs, so they live to be around a year old. A few juvenile animals overwinter a second time and only become sexually mature in the following year, i.e. they can live up to two years.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described in 1807 by André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac as Vertigo cylindrica . The Fauna Europaea lists the following synonyms :
- Truncatellina costigerella Lindholm 1926
- Helix minuta OF Müller 1774
- Pupa minutissima W. Hartmann, 1821
- Truncatellina monodonta Pollonera, 1885
- Pupa odontostoma Westerlund, 1875
- Vertigo pupula hero, 1837
- Truncatellina tauricola Lindholm, 1926
Danger
The species is mainly endangered by habitat destruction. In England most of the populations are probably extinct. The species has already disappeared in Ireland and probably also in Scotland. In England and Germany the species is considered endangered.
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , (p. 106)
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , (p. 142)
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , (p. 88)
- Stanisław Myzyk: Contribution to the biology of ten vertiginid species. Folia Malacologica, 19 (2): 55-80, Warsaw 2011 doi : 10.2478 / v10125-011-0004-9 .
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 123)
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 61)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Myzyk (2011: p. 77)
- ↑ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 2 Subclasa Pulmonata I Ordo Basommatophora II Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafamiliile: Succinacea, Cochlicopacea, Pupillacea. 443 S., Bucharest 1987 (pp. 312-313).
- ↑ Joseph Heller: Land Snails of the Land of Israel. 360 pp., Pensof, Sofia & Moscow, 2009 ISBN 978-954-642-510-2
- ↑ Jean Baptiste Louis D'Audebard de Férussac & André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audebert de Férussac: Essai d'une méthode conchyliologique appliquée aux Mollusques fluviatiles et terrestres d'après la consideration de l'animal et de son test, par M Daudebard de Férussac. Nouvelle édition augmentée d'une synonymie des espèces les plus remarquables, d'une table de concordance systématique de celles qui ont été décrites par Géoffroy, Poiret et Draparnaud, avec Müller et Linné, et terminée par un catalog d'espèces observées en diverse lieux de la France, by J. Daudebard fils. P. I – XVI (1–16), pp. 1–142, Delance, Paris 1807 Göttingen Digitization Center (p. 56/7)
- ↑ Fauna Europaea: Truncatellina cylindrica
- ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1-28, Frankfurt / M. 2009 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (1.3 MB) (p. 12)
