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{{Short description|Omaha-class light cruiser}}
{{Other ships|USS Memphis}}
{{Other ships|USS Memphis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:USS Memphis SLV H91.325.415.jpg|300px]]
|Ship image=USS Memphis (CL-13) at anchor in Australian waters, in the 1920s (SLV H91.325.415).jpg
|Ship caption=USS ''Memphis'' before the Second World War.
|Ship caption=USS ''Memphis'' (1925)
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship awarded=24 January 1919
|Ship awarded=24 January 1919
|Ship builder=[[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]]
|Ship builder=[[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]]
|Ship yard number=503
|Ship original cost=
|Ship original cost=
|Ship laid down= 14 October 1920
|Ship laid down= 14 October 1920
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|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship sponsor=Miss Elizabeth R. Paine
|Ship sponsor=Miss Elizabeth R. Paine
|Ship commissioned= 4 February 1924
|Ship commissioned= 4 February 1925
|Ship decommissioned= 17 December 1945
|Ship decommissioned= 17 December 1945
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship maiden voyage=
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|Ship struck= 8 January 1946
|Ship struck= 8 January 1946
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]:CL-13
|Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]: CL-13
*[[International Code of Signals|Code letters]]:NISS
*[[International Code of Signals|Code letters]]: NISS
*{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|India}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Sierra}}
*{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|India}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Sierra}}
|Ship motto=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap 18 December 1947
|Ship fate=Scrapped at Baltimore, 1947
|Ship status=Scrapped at Baltimore 1947
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
|Ship badge=
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (as built)
|Header caption= (as built)
|Ship class={{sclass-|Omaha|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]
|Ship class={{sclass|Omaha|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]
|Ship type=
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|7,050|LT|t|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} (standard)
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|7050|LT|t|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} (standard)
*{{convert|9,508|LT|t|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} (loaded)
*{{convert|9508|LT|t|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} (loaded)
|Ship length=*{{convert|555|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} [[overall length|oa]]
|Ship length=*{{convert|555|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{convert|550|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
*{{convert|550|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
|Ship beam={{convert|55|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|55|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|14|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean)
|Ship draft={{convert|14|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean)
|Ship power=*12 × [[White-Forster boiler]]s
|Ship power=*12 × [[White-Forster boiler]]s
*{{convert|90,000|ihp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} (Estimated power produced on trials)
*{{convert|90000|ihp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} (Estimated power produced on trials)
|Ship propulsion=*4 × [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons steam turbines]]
|Ship propulsion=*4 × [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons steam turbines]]
*4 × [[Propeller|screw]]s
*4 × [[Propeller|screw]]s
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|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*2 × twin [[6"/53 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/53 caliber guns]]
|Ship armament=*2 × twin [[6-inch/53-caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/53 caliber guns]]
*8 × single {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/53 caliber guns
*8 × single 6 in/53 caliber guns
*4 × [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}/50 caliber guns]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]]
*4 × [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}]] caliber [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] guns
*6 × triple {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s
*2 × triple [[American 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s
*4 × twin {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} torpedo tubes
*2 × twin 21 in torpedo tubes
*224 × [[Naval mine|mines]] (removed soon after completion)
*224 × [[Naval mine|mines]] (removed soon after completion)
|Ship armor=*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{convert|3|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|Ship armor=*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{cvt|3|in}}
*'''[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]:''' {{convert|1+1/2|-|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{cvt|1+1/2|in}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]: {{frac|1|1|2}} in
*'''[[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkhead]]s:''' {{convert|1+1/2|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkhead]]s: {{frac|1|1|2}}-3 in
|Ship aircraft=2 × [[floatplane]]s
|Ship aircraft=2 × [[floatplane]]s
|Ship aircraft facilities=*2 × [[Amidships#Amidships|Amidship]] [[Aircraft catapult|catapult]]s
|Ship aircraft facilities=*2 × [[Amidships#Amidships|Amidship]] [[Aircraft catapult|catapult]]s
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (1945)
|Header caption= (1945)
|Ship armament=*2 × twin {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}/53 caliber
|Ship armament=*2 × twin 6 in/53 caliber
*6 × single {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}/53 caliber
*6 × single 6 in/53 caliber
*7 × [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}/50]] caliber anti-aircraft guns
*7 × 3 in/50 caliber anti-aircraft guns
*6 × triple {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} torpedo tubes
*2 × triple 21 in torpedo tubes
*2 × twin [[Bofors 40 mm gun|{{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors gun]]s
*2 × twin [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|{{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors gun]]s
*12 × single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}} Oerlikon cannon]]s
*12 × single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}} Oerlikon cannon]]s
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''USS ''Memphis'' (CL-13)''' was an {{sclass-|Omaha|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]], originally classified as a [[scout cruiser]], of the [[United States Navy]]. She was the fourth Navy ship named for the city of [[Memphis, Tennessee]].
'''USS ''Memphis'' (CL-13)''' was an {{sclass|Omaha|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]], originally classified as a [[scout cruiser]], of the [[United States Navy]]. She was the fourth Navy ship named for the city of [[Memphis, Tennessee]].


==Built in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania==
==Built in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania==
''Memphis'' was authorized on 1 July 1918 and assigned to [[William Cramp and Sons]], [[Philadelphia]] on 24 January 1919.<ref name="ships35">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rp-jAAAAMAAJ| title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Naval Department | date=1 July 1935 | accessdate=7 November 2015 | pages=24–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/cramp.htm | title=Cramp Shipbuilding, Philadelphia PA| publisher=www.ShipbuildingHistory.com | date=3 September 2014 | accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> She was laid down on 14 October 1920 and [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 17 April 1924, sponsored by Miss Elizabeth R. Paine, daughter of Mayor [[Rowlett Paine]] of Memphis. ''Memphis'' was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 4 February 1925, with future [[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]], [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] [[Henry E. Lackey]] in command.<ref name="danfs">{{cite web | url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/memphis-iv.html | title=Memphis (CL-13) | publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | date=7 August 2015 | accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref>
''Memphis'' was authorized on 1 July 1918, and assigned to [[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]] on 24 January 1919.<ref name="ships35">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rp-jAAAAMAAJ| title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Naval Department | date=1 July 1935 | access-date=7 November 2015 | pages=24–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/cramp.htm | title=Cramp Shipbuilding, Philadelphia PA | publisher=ShipbuildingHistory.com | date=3 September 2014 | access-date=26 September 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220082203/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/cramp.htm | archive-date=20 December 2014 }}</ref> She was laid down on 14 October 1920, and [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 17 April 1924, sponsored by Miss Elizabeth R. Paine, daughter of Mayor [[Rowlett Paine]] of Memphis. ''Memphis'' was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 4 February 1925, with future [[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]], [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] [[Henry E. Lackey]] in command.<ref name="danfs">{{cite web | url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/memphis-iv.html | title=Memphis (CL-13) | publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | date=7 August 2015 | access-date=7 November 2015}}</ref>


''Memphis'' was {{convert|550|ft|m|abbr=off}} [[length at the waterline|long at the waterline]] with an [[length overall|overall]] length of {{convert|555|ft|6|in|m|abbr=off}}, her [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] was {{convert|55|ft|4|in|m|abbr=off}} and a mean [[Draft (hull)|draft]] of {{convert|13|ft|6|in|m|abbr=off}}. Her [[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard displacement]] was {{convert|7050|LT|t|lk=in}} and {{convert|9508|LT|t}} at [[Full-load displacement|full load]].<ref name="ships35"/><ref name="history">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_USS_Memphis_CL13.html | title=USS Memphis (CL-13) | publisher=Historyofwar.org | date=30 January 2014 | accessdate=7 November 2015 | author=Rickard, J}}</ref> Her crew, during peace time, consisted of 29 officers and 429 enlisted men.<ref name="stefan" />
''Memphis'' was {{convert|550|ft|m|abbr=off}} [[length at the waterline|long at the waterline]] with an [[length overall|overall]] length of {{convert|555|ft|6|in|m|abbr=off}}, her [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] was {{convert|55|ft|4|in|m|abbr=off}} and a mean [[Draft (hull)|draft]] of {{convert|13|ft|6|in|m|abbr=off}}. Her [[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard displacement]] was {{convert|7050|LT|t|lk=in}} and {{convert|9508|LT|t}} at [[Full-load displacement|full load]].<ref name="ships35"/><ref name="history">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_USS_Memphis_CL13.html | title=USS Memphis (CL-13) | publisher=Historyofwar.org | date=30 January 2014 | access-date=7 November 2015 | author=Rickard, J}}</ref> Her crew, during peace time, consisted of 29 officers and 429 enlisted men.<ref name="stefan" />


''Memphis'' was powered by four [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons steam turbines]] geared [[steam turbine]]s, each driving one [[Propeller|screw]], using steam generated by 12 [[White-Forster boiler]]s. The engines were designed to produce {{convert|90,000|ihp|lk=in}} and reach a top speed of {{convert|35|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name="ships35" /> She was designed to provide a range of {{convert|10000|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}, but was only capable of {{convert|8,460|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}<ref name="history" />
''Memphis'' was powered by four [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons steam turbines]] geared [[steam turbine]]s, each driving one [[Propeller|screw]], using steam generated by 12 [[White-Forster boiler]]s. The engines were designed to produce {{convert|90000|ihp|lk=in}} and reach a top speed of {{convert|35|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name="ships35" /> She was designed to provide a range of {{convert|10000|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}, but was only capable of {{convert|8460|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}<ref name="history" />


''Memphis''{{'}}s main armament went through many changes while she was being designed. Originally she was to mount ten [[6"/53 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/53]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns; two on either side at the waist, with the remaining eight mounted in tiered [[Casemate#Single casemates (1889 onwards)|casemates]] on either side of the fore and aft superstructures. After America's entry into World War I the US Navy worked alongside the Royal Navy and it was deceided to mount four 6-in/53 caliber guns in two twin [[Gun turret#Warships|gun turrets]] fore and aft and keep the eight guns in the tiered casemates so that she would have an eight gun broadside and, due to limited arcs of fire from the casemate guns, four to six guns firing fore or aft. Her secondary armament consisted of two [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}/50]] caliber [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] guns in single mounts. ''Memphis'' was initially built with the capacity to carry 224 [[naval mine|mines]], but these were removed early in her career to make way for more crew accommodations. She also carried two triple and two twin, above-water, [[torpedo tube]] mounts for {{convert|21|in|abrr=on}} [[torpedo]]es. The triple mounts were fitted on either side of the upper [[deck (ship)|deck]], aft of the [[aircraft catapult]]s, and the twin mounts were one deck lower on either side, covered by hatches in the side of the hull.<ref name="ships35" /><ref name="history2">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_omaha_class_cruisers.html | title=Omaha Class Cruisers | publisher=Historyofwar.org | date=1 January 2014 | accessdate=7 November 2015 | author=Rickard, J}}</ref><ref name="haze">{{cite web | url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/cruisers/ca-cl1.htm | title=US Cruisers List: Light/Heavy/Antiaircraft Cruisers, Part 1 | publisher=Hazegray.org | date=22 January 2000 | accessdate=7 November 2015 | author=Toppan, Andrew}}</ref>
''Memphis''{{'}}s main armament went through many changes while she was being designed. Originally she was to mount ten [[6-inch/53-caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}/53]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns; two on either side at the waist, with the remaining eight mounted in tiered [[Casemate#Single casemates (1889 onwards)|casemates]] on either side of the fore and aft superstructures. After America's entry into World War I the US Navy worked alongside the Royal Navy and it was decided to mount four 6-in/53 caliber guns in two twin [[Gun turret#Warships|gun turrets]] fore and aft and keep the eight guns in the tiered casemates so that she would have an eight gun broadside and, due to limited arcs of fire from the casemate guns, four to six guns firing fore or aft. Her secondary armament consisted of two [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}/50]] caliber [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] guns in single mounts. ''Memphis'' was initially built with the capacity to carry 224 [[naval mine|mines]], but these were removed early in her career to make way for more crew accommodations. She also carried two triple and two twin, above-water, [[torpedo tube]] mounts for {{convert|21|in|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es. The triple mounts were fitted on either side of the upper [[deck (ship)|deck]], aft of the [[aircraft catapult]]s, and the twin mounts were one deck lower on either side, covered by hatches in the side of the hull.<ref name="ships35" /><ref name="history2">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_omaha_class_cruisers.html | title=Omaha Class Cruisers | publisher=Historyofwar.org | date=1 January 2014 | access-date=7 November 2015 | author=Rickard, J}}</ref><ref name="haze">{{cite web | url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/cruisers/ca-cl1.htm | title=US Cruisers List: Light/Heavy/Antiaircraft Cruisers, Part 1 | publisher=Hazegray.org | date=22 January 2000 | access-date=7 November 2015 | author=Toppan, Andrew}}</ref>


The ship lacked a full-length [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|armor belt]]. The sides of her [[Engine room|boiler and engine room]]s and steering gear were protected by {{convert|3|in}} of armor. The transverse [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]]s at the end of her machinery rooms were {{convert|1.5|in}} thick forward and three inches thick aft. The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against [[muzzle blast]] and the conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor.<ref name="haze" /> ''Memphis'' carried two [[floatplane]]s aboard that were stored on the two catapults. Initially these were probably [[Vought VE-7|Vought VE-9s]] until the early 1930s when the ship may have operated [[Berliner-Joyce OJ|OJ-2]] until 1935 and [[Curtiss SOC Seagull]]s until 1940 when [[Vought OS2U Kingfisher]]s where used on ships without hangars.<ref name="stefan">{{cite book | title=Cruisers of the US Navy 1922-1962 | publisher=[[Naval Institute Press#Naval Institute Press|Naval Institute Press]] | author=Terzibashitsch, Stefan | year=1988 | isbn=0-87021-974-X}}</ref>
The ship lacked a full-length [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|armor belt]]. The sides of her [[Engine room|boiler and engine room]]s and steering gear were protected by {{convert|3|in}} of armor. The transverse [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]]s at the end of her machinery rooms were {{convert|1.5|in}} thick forward and three inches thick aft. The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against [[muzzle blast]] and the conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor.<ref name="haze" /> ''Memphis'' carried two [[floatplane]]s aboard that were stored on the two catapults. Initially these were probably [[Vought VE-7|Vought VE-9s]] until the early 1930s when the ship may have operated [[Berliner-Joyce OJ|OJ-2]] until 1935 and [[Curtiss SOC Seagull]]s until 1940 when [[Vought OS2U Kingfisher]]s were used on ships without hangars.<ref name="stefan">{{cite book | title=Cruisers of the US Navy 1922-1962 | publisher=[[Naval Institute Press#Naval Institute Press|Naval Institute Press]] | author=Terzibashitsch, Stefan | year=1988 | isbn=0-87021-974-X}}</ref>


===Armament changes===
===Armament changes===
During her career ''Memphis'' went through several armament changes, some of these changes were save weight, but others were to incress her AA armament. The lower torpedo tube mounts proved to be very wet and were removed, and the openings plated over, before the start of World War II. Another change made before the war was to increase the {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} guns to seven, all mounted in the ship's waist. After 1940 the lower aft {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} guns were removed and the casemates plated over for the same reason as the lower torpedo mounts.<ref name="stefan" /><ref name="history2" /> The ship's anti-aircraft armament were augmented by two twin [[Bofors 40 mm gun#Naval|{{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors guns]] along with 12 [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}} Oerlikon cannons]] by the end of the war.<ref name="haze" />
During her career ''Memphis'' went through several armament changes, some of these changes were to save weight, but others were to increase her AA armament. The lower torpedo tube mounts proved to be very wet and were removed, and the openings plated over, before the start of World War II. Another change made before the war was to increase the 3-inch guns to seven, all mounted in the ship's waist. After 1940, the lower aft {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} guns were removed and the casemates plated over for the same reason as the lower torpedo mounts.<ref name="stefan" /><ref name="history2" /> The ship's anti-aircraft armament were augmented by two twin [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|{{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors guns]] along with 12 [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}} Oerlikon cannons]] by the end of the war.<ref name="haze" />


==Inter-war period==
==Inter-war period==
[[Image:USS Memphis CL-13 catapults O2U May 1933.jpg|thumb|The ''Memphis'' catapults an [[Vought O2U Corsair]] [[floatplane]] during fleet maneuvers on 10 May 1933.]]
[[Image:USS Memphis (CL-13) launches Vought O2U on 10 May 1933 (80-G-455864).jpg|thumb|The ''Memphis'' catapults a [[Vought O2U Corsair]] [[floatplane]] during fleet maneuvers on 10 May 1933.]]
Late in February, ''Memphis'' got underway for a shakedown cruise in the Caribbean. On 13 April, the cruiser participated in the dedication of an American memorial gateway to [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[Oliver Hazard Perry]] at [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad]].<ref>[http://www.mesotheliomanews.com/veterans/us-navy-cruisers/uss-memphis-cl-13 U.S.S. Memphis]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/ar/lima/lackey_he.htm |title=Papers of Rear Admiral Henry E. Lackey (1899–1940) |location=Washington, D.C |publisher=[[U.S. Naval Historical Center|Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center]] |accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historycentral.com/navy/cruiser/Memphis.html |title=USS Memphis|publisher=historycentral.com |accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref> Six years after the indomitable Perry had defeated the British on [[Lake Erie]] on 10 September 1813, he died on board frigate ''John Adams'' at Port–of–Spain and was interred there until his remains were removed to Newport, R.I. seven years later. In June, ''Memphis'' joined ships of a scouting fleet off [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, for a cruise to theSouth Pacific through September, with visits to Australia and New Zealand. From October 1925 to April 1926, she again operated in the [[West Indies]] before returning to her home port, New York City.<ref name="danfs" />
Late in February, ''Memphis'' got underway for a shakedown cruise in the Caribbean. On 13 April, the cruiser participated in the dedication of an American memorial gateway to [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[Oliver Hazard Perry]] at [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad]].<ref>[http://www.mesotheliomanews.com/veterans/us-navy-cruisers/uss-memphis-cl-13 U.S.S. Memphis]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/ar/lima/lackey_he.htm |title=Papers of Rear Admiral Henry E. Lackey (1899–1940) |location=Washington, D.C |publisher=[[U.S. Naval Historical Center|Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center]] |access-date=2 September 2011 |archive-date=13 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813233215/http://www.history.navy.mil/ar/lima/lackey_he.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historycentral.com/navy/cruiser/Memphis.html |title=USS Memphis|publisher=historycentral.com |access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref> Six years after the indomitable Perry had defeated the British on [[Lake Erie]] on 10 September 1813, he died on board frigate ''John Adams'' at Port–of–Spain and was interred there until his remains were removed to Newport, R.I. seven years later. In June, ''Memphis'' joined ships of a scouting fleet off [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, for a cruise to the South Pacific through September, with visits to Australia and New Zealand. From October 1925 to April 1926, she again operated in the [[West Indies]] before returning to her home port, New York City.<ref name="danfs" />


''Memphis'' next sailed for Europe, arriving off [[St. Nazaire]], France on 26 June 1926 and relieved {{USS|Pittsburgh|CA-4|2}} as the flagship of Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe on 4 July. The new Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe was Vice-Admiral [[Guy Hamilton Burrage|Guy Burrage]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Myers, Burrage, Graham Papers|url=http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/98_M99_Myers__Burrage__Graham_a.pdf|publisher=Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary|accessdate=6 October 2010}}</ref> Vice-Admiral Burrage served as Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe from 1926 to 1928. The ''Memphis'' operated in European waters into 1927. During a stay at [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]], Spain from 31 July to 31 August 1926, the ship was visited by [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|King Alfonso XIII]].<ref name="danfs" />
''Memphis'' next sailed for Europe, arriving off [[St. Nazaire]], France on 26 June 1926, and relieved {{USS|Pittsburgh|CA-4|2}} as the flagship of Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe on 4 July. The new Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe was Vice-Admiral [[Guy Hamilton Burrage|Guy Burrage]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Myers, Burrage, Graham Papers|url=http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/98_M99_Myers__Burrage__Graham_a.pdf|publisher=Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary|access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref> Vice-Admiral Burrage served as Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe from 1926 to 1928. ''Memphis'' operated in European waters into 1927. During a stay at [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]], Spain from 31 July to 31 August 1926, the ship was visited by [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|King Alfonso XIII]].<ref name="danfs" />


On 3 June 1927, ''Memphis'' embarked Captain [[Charles A. Lindbergh]] and his plane at [[Southampton, England]], following his nonstop flight from New York to [[Paris]]. The next day the cruiser departed [[Cherbourg]], France, arriving Washington, D.C. on 11 June to debark her famous passenger at the [[Washington Navy Yard]]. For the rest of the year she performed surveillance duty along the Atlantic coast.<ref name="danfs" />
On 3 June 1927, ''Memphis'' embarked Captain [[Charles A. Lindbergh]] and his aeroplane 'Spirit of St Louis' at [[Southampton, England]], following his nonstop flight from New York to [[Paris]]. The next day the cruiser departed [[Cherbourg]], France, arriving Washington, D.C., on 11 June, to debark her famous passenger at the [[Washington Navy Yard]]. For the rest of the year she performed surveillance duty along the Atlantic coast.<ref name="danfs" />


In January 1928, ''Memphis'' acted as part of an escort group for President [[Calvin Coolidge]] on a cruise to the West Indies. After four months of Caribbean operations, she served in the eastern Pacific.<ref name="danfs" />
In January 1928, ''Memphis'' acted as part of an escort group for President [[Calvin Coolidge]] on a cruise to the West Indies. After four months of Caribbean operations,<ref name="danfs" /> she served in the western Pacific as part of Light Cruiser Division TWO attached to the [[United States Asiatic Fleet|Asiatic Fleet]] along with {{USS|Milwaukee|CL-5|2}} and {{USS|Trenton|CL-11|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=NH 80491 USS ''Memphis'' (CL-13) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-80000/NH-80491.html|date=October 1928|publisher=U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>


On 5 June, the cruiser arrived at [[Balboa, Canal Zone]] for duty off Central America to May 1933. ''Memphis'' operated in a peacekeeping capacity at Corinto, [[Nicaragua]], during the inauguration of President [[Juan Bautista Sacasa]] in 1932. In the next five years she alternated duty along the west coast with patrols to the troubled area of the West Indies.<ref name="danfs" />
On 5 June, the cruiser arrived at [[Balboa, Canal Zone]] for duty off Central America to May 1933. ''Memphis'' operated in a peacekeeping capacity at Corinto, [[Nicaragua]], during the inauguration of President [[Juan Bautista Sacasa]] in 1932. In the next five years she alternated duty along the west coast with patrols to the troubled area of the West Indies.<ref name="danfs" />


After a good will cruise to Australia in January 1938, ''Memphis'' reached Honolulu on 1 April to rejoin the fleet for operations until she participated in the presidential review off San Francisco on 12 July 1939. In August, she sailed to [[Alaska]], operating there until early 1941.<ref name="danfs" />
After a good will cruise to Australia in January 1938, ''Memphis'' reached Honolulu on 1 April, to rejoin the fleet for operations until she participated in the presidential review off San Francisco on 12 July 1939. In August, she sailed to [[Alaska]], operating there until early 1941.<ref name="danfs" />


==World War II==
==World War II==
As the time of US involvement in World War II approached, ''Memphis'' sailed to the east coast. She departed [[Naval Station Newport|Newport]] on 24 April 1941 to take part in the neutrality patrol of the ocean triangle Trinidad–[[Cape San Roque]]–[[Cape Verde Islands]], arriving [[Recife]], Brazil on 10 May. She continued operations in the South Atlantic for most of the war. In March 1942, the ship escorted two Army transports in convoy to [[Ascension Island]], where the Army's 38th Engineer General Service Regiment debarked to construct an airport as staging point for planes flying from the United States to Africa. By May, she was on patrol near the entrance to [[Fort-de-France]], Martinique.<ref name="danfs" />
As the time of US involvement in World War II approached, ''Memphis'' sailed to the east coast. She departed [[Naval Station Newport|Newport]] on 24 April 1941, to take part in the neutrality patrol of the ocean triangle Trinidad–[[Cape San Roque]]–[[Cape Verde Islands]], arriving [[Recife]], Brazil, on 10 May. She continued operations in the South Atlantic for most of the war. In March 1942, the ship escorted two Army transports in convoy to [[Ascension Island]], where the Army's 38th Engineer General Service Regiment debarked to construct an airport as staging point for planes flying from the United States to Africa. By May, she was on patrol near the entrance to [[Fort-de-France]], Martinique.<ref name="danfs" />


[[File:Lot_11568-18_(24122218694).jpg|thumb|The Anfa-Hotel, [[Casablanca]] ]]
In January 1943, the cruiser flew President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s flag off [[Banjul|Bathurst]], Gambia, during the Casablanca Conference from 14–24 January. The President and British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] outlined plans at that time for the invasion of [[Sicily]] and Italy. From February–September, ''Memphis'' was once more on patrol duty against blockade runners, mostly off Bahia and Recife, Brazil.<ref name="danfs" />
In January 1943, the cruiser flew President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s flag off [[Banjul|Bathurst]], Gambia, during the Casablanca Conference from 14 to 24 January. The President and British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] outlined plans at that time for the invasion of [[Sicily]] and Italy.<ref>[https://fdr.blogs.archives.gov/2017/01/10/the-casablanca-conference-unconditional-surrender/ Forward, FDR-Archive]</ref> From February–September, ''Memphis'' was once more on patrol duty against blockade runners, mostly off Bahia and Recife, Brazil.<ref name="danfs" />


President Amenzoga of Uruguay, and President [[Getúlio Vargas]] of Brazil toured the ship in January 1944 while their countries continued to give valuable aid in blockading the "Atlantic Narrows". The following year ''Memphis'' sailed for Europe, arriving [[Naples]], Italy on 16 January 1945. On the 27th, as flagship for [[Admiral]] [[Harold R. Stark]], Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe, she got underway for [[Valletta]], Malta, scene of preliminary Allied conferences prior to the Yalta Conference in February. Before the end of January the cruiser had two important visitors: [[Fleet Admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Ernest J. King]] and [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] [[George C. Marshall]].<ref name="danfs" />
President Amenzoga of Uruguay, and President [[Getúlio Vargas]] of Brazil toured the ship in January 1944, while their countries continued to give valuable aid in blockading the "Atlantic Narrows". The following year ''Memphis'' sailed for Europe, arriving [[Naples]], Italy, on 16 January 1945. On 27 January, as flagship for [[Admiral]] [[Harold R. Stark]], Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe, she got underway for [[Valletta]], Malta, scene of preliminary Allied conferences prior to the Yalta Conference in February. Before the end of January the cruiser had two important visitors: [[Fleet Admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Ernest J. King]] and [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] [[George C. Marshall]].<ref name="danfs" />


On 18 February, ''Memphis'' arrived at [[Algiers]] for President Roosevelt's last Allied conference before his return to the United States. For the next eight months, she continued to receive distinguished leaders. She participated in the first anniversary ceremonies of the Allied landings at [[Saint-Raphaël, Var|St. Raphael]] and [[St. Tropez]], southern France on 15 August and the Navy Day festivities at Naples, Italy on 27 October. Late in November, ''Memphis'' departed [[Tangier]] for [[Philadelphia]], where she decommissioned on 17 December. She was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 8 January 1946 and sold to Patapsco Scrap Co., Bethlehem, Pa. on 18 December for scrapping following delivery on 10 January 1947.<ref name="danfs" />
On 18 February, ''Memphis'' arrived at [[Algiers]] for President Roosevelt's last Allied conference before his return to the United States. For the next eight months, she continued to receive distinguished leaders. She participated in the first anniversary ceremonies of the Allied landings at [[Saint-Raphaël, Var|St. Raphael]] and [[St. Tropez]], southern France on 15 August, and the Navy Day festivities at Naples, Italy, on 27 October. Late in November, ''Memphis'' departed [[Tangier]] for [[Philadelphia]], where she decommissioned on 17 December. She was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 8 January 1946, and sold to Patapsco Scrap Co., Bethlehem, Pa. on 18 December, for scrapping following delivery on 10 January 1947.<ref name="danfs" />


==See also==
==See also==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Memphis (CL-13)}}
[[Category:Omaha-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Omaha-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1924 ships]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:United States Navy Tennessee-related ships]]
[[Category:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons]]
[[Category:1924 ships]]

Latest revision as of 10:27, 14 January 2023

USS Memphis (1925)
History
United States
NameMemphis
NamesakeCity of Memphis, Tennessee
Ordered1 July 1918
Awarded24 January 1919
BuilderWilliam Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia
Yard number503
Laid down14 October 1920
Launched17 April 1924
Sponsored byMiss Elizabeth R. Paine
Completed1 April 1922
Commissioned4 February 1925
Decommissioned17 December 1945
Stricken8 January 1946
Identification
FateScrapped at Baltimore, 1947
General characteristics (as built)
Class and typeOmaha-class light cruiser
Displacement
Length
  • 555 ft 6 in (169.32 m) oa
  • 550 ft (170 m) pp
Beam55 ft (17 m)
Draft14 ft 3 in (4.34 m) (mean)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed
  • 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph)
  • 33.7 knots (62.4 km/h; 38.8 mph) (Estimated speed on Trial)
Crew29 officers 429 enlisted (peace time)
Armament
Armor
  • Belt: 3 in (76 mm)
  • Deck: 1+12 in (38 mm)
  • Conning Tower: 1+12 in
  • Bulkheads: 1+12-3 in
Aircraft carried2 × floatplanes
Aviation facilities
General characteristics (1945)
Armament

USS Memphis (CL-13) was an Omaha-class light cruiser, originally classified as a scout cruiser, of the United States Navy. She was the fourth Navy ship named for the city of Memphis, Tennessee.

Built in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[edit]

Memphis was authorized on 1 July 1918, and assigned to William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia on 24 January 1919.[1][2] She was laid down on 14 October 1920, and launched on 17 April 1924, sponsored by Miss Elizabeth R. Paine, daughter of Mayor Rowlett Paine of Memphis. Memphis was commissioned on 4 February 1925, with future Admiral, Captain Henry E. Lackey in command.[3]

Memphis was 550 feet (170 metres) long at the waterline with an overall length of 555 feet 6 inches (169.32 metres), her beam was 55 feet 4 inches (16.87 metres) and a mean draft of 13 feet 6 inches (4.11 metres). Her standard displacement was 7,050 long tons (7,160 t) and 9,508 long tons (9,661 t) at full load.[1][4] Her crew, during peace time, consisted of 29 officers and 429 enlisted men.[5]

Memphis was powered by four Parsons steam turbines geared steam turbines, each driving one screw, using steam generated by 12 White-Forster boilers. The engines were designed to produce 90,000 indicated horsepower (67,000 kW) and reach a top speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph).[1] She was designed to provide a range of 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), but was only capable of 8,460 nautical miles (15,670 km; 9,740 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)[4]

Memphis's main armament went through many changes while she was being designed. Originally she was to mount ten 6 in (150 mm)/53 caliber guns; two on either side at the waist, with the remaining eight mounted in tiered casemates on either side of the fore and aft superstructures. After America's entry into World War I the US Navy worked alongside the Royal Navy and it was decided to mount four 6-in/53 caliber guns in two twin gun turrets fore and aft and keep the eight guns in the tiered casemates so that she would have an eight gun broadside and, due to limited arcs of fire from the casemate guns, four to six guns firing fore or aft. Her secondary armament consisted of two 3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber anti-aircraft guns in single mounts. Memphis was initially built with the capacity to carry 224 mines, but these were removed early in her career to make way for more crew accommodations. She also carried two triple and two twin, above-water, torpedo tube mounts for 21 in (530 mm) torpedoes. The triple mounts were fitted on either side of the upper deck, aft of the aircraft catapults, and the twin mounts were one deck lower on either side, covered by hatches in the side of the hull.[1][6][7]

The ship lacked a full-length waterline armor belt. The sides of her boiler and engine rooms and steering gear were protected by 3 inches (76 mm) of armor. The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were 1.5 inches (38 mm) thick forward and three inches thick aft. The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast and the conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor.[7] Memphis carried two floatplanes aboard that were stored on the two catapults. Initially these were probably Vought VE-9s until the early 1930s when the ship may have operated OJ-2 until 1935 and Curtiss SOC Seagulls until 1940 when Vought OS2U Kingfishers were used on ships without hangars.[5]

Armament changes[edit]

During her career Memphis went through several armament changes, some of these changes were to save weight, but others were to increase her AA armament. The lower torpedo tube mounts proved to be very wet and were removed, and the openings plated over, before the start of World War II. Another change made before the war was to increase the 3-inch guns to seven, all mounted in the ship's waist. After 1940, the lower aft 6 in (150 mm) guns were removed and the casemates plated over for the same reason as the lower torpedo mounts.[5][6] The ship's anti-aircraft armament were augmented by two twin 40 mm (1.6 in) Bofors guns along with 12 20 mm (0.79 in) Oerlikon cannons by the end of the war.[7]

Inter-war period[edit]

The Memphis catapults a Vought O2U Corsair floatplane during fleet maneuvers on 10 May 1933.

Late in February, Memphis got underway for a shakedown cruise in the Caribbean. On 13 April, the cruiser participated in the dedication of an American memorial gateway to Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry at Port of Spain, Trinidad.[8][9][10] Six years after the indomitable Perry had defeated the British on Lake Erie on 10 September 1813, he died on board frigate John Adams at Port–of–Spain and was interred there until his remains were removed to Newport, R.I. seven years later. In June, Memphis joined ships of a scouting fleet off Honolulu, Hawaii, for a cruise to the South Pacific through September, with visits to Australia and New Zealand. From October 1925 to April 1926, she again operated in the West Indies before returning to her home port, New York City.[3]

Memphis next sailed for Europe, arriving off St. Nazaire, France on 26 June 1926, and relieved Pittsburgh as the flagship of Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe on 4 July. The new Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe was Vice-Admiral Guy Burrage.[11] Vice-Admiral Burrage served as Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe from 1926 to 1928. Memphis operated in European waters into 1927. During a stay at Santander, Spain from 31 July to 31 August 1926, the ship was visited by King Alfonso XIII.[3]

On 3 June 1927, Memphis embarked Captain Charles A. Lindbergh and his aeroplane 'Spirit of St Louis' at Southampton, England, following his nonstop flight from New York to Paris. The next day the cruiser departed Cherbourg, France, arriving Washington, D.C., on 11 June, to debark her famous passenger at the Washington Navy Yard. For the rest of the year she performed surveillance duty along the Atlantic coast.[3]

In January 1928, Memphis acted as part of an escort group for President Calvin Coolidge on a cruise to the West Indies. After four months of Caribbean operations,[3] she served in the western Pacific as part of Light Cruiser Division TWO attached to the Asiatic Fleet along with Milwaukee and Trenton.[12]

On 5 June, the cruiser arrived at Balboa, Canal Zone for duty off Central America to May 1933. Memphis operated in a peacekeeping capacity at Corinto, Nicaragua, during the inauguration of President Juan Bautista Sacasa in 1932. In the next five years she alternated duty along the west coast with patrols to the troubled area of the West Indies.[3]

After a good will cruise to Australia in January 1938, Memphis reached Honolulu on 1 April, to rejoin the fleet for operations until she participated in the presidential review off San Francisco on 12 July 1939. In August, she sailed to Alaska, operating there until early 1941.[3]

World War II[edit]

As the time of US involvement in World War II approached, Memphis sailed to the east coast. She departed Newport on 24 April 1941, to take part in the neutrality patrol of the ocean triangle Trinidad–Cape San RoqueCape Verde Islands, arriving Recife, Brazil, on 10 May. She continued operations in the South Atlantic for most of the war. In March 1942, the ship escorted two Army transports in convoy to Ascension Island, where the Army's 38th Engineer General Service Regiment debarked to construct an airport as staging point for planes flying from the United States to Africa. By May, she was on patrol near the entrance to Fort-de-France, Martinique.[3]

The Anfa-Hotel, Casablanca

In January 1943, the cruiser flew President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's flag off Bathurst, Gambia, during the Casablanca Conference from 14 to 24 January. The President and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill outlined plans at that time for the invasion of Sicily and Italy.[13] From February–September, Memphis was once more on patrol duty against blockade runners, mostly off Bahia and Recife, Brazil.[3]

President Amenzoga of Uruguay, and President Getúlio Vargas of Brazil toured the ship in January 1944, while their countries continued to give valuable aid in blockading the "Atlantic Narrows". The following year Memphis sailed for Europe, arriving Naples, Italy, on 16 January 1945. On 27 January, as flagship for Admiral Harold R. Stark, Commander, US Naval Forces in Europe, she got underway for Valletta, Malta, scene of preliminary Allied conferences prior to the Yalta Conference in February. Before the end of January the cruiser had two important visitors: Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King and General of the Army George C. Marshall.[3]

On 18 February, Memphis arrived at Algiers for President Roosevelt's last Allied conference before his return to the United States. For the next eight months, she continued to receive distinguished leaders. She participated in the first anniversary ceremonies of the Allied landings at St. Raphael and St. Tropez, southern France on 15 August, and the Navy Day festivities at Naples, Italy, on 27 October. Late in November, Memphis departed Tangier for Philadelphia, where she decommissioned on 17 December. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 8 January 1946, and sold to Patapsco Scrap Co., Bethlehem, Pa. on 18 December, for scrapping following delivery on 10 January 1947.[3]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels". US Naval Department. 1 July 1935. pp. 24–31. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  2. ^ "Cramp Shipbuilding, Philadelphia PA". ShipbuildingHistory.com. 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Memphis (CL-13)". Naval History and Heritage Command. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  4. ^ a b Rickard, J (30 January 2014). "USS Memphis (CL-13)". Historyofwar.org. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Terzibashitsch, Stefan (1988). Cruisers of the US Navy 1922-1962. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-974-X.
  6. ^ a b Rickard, J (1 January 2014). "Omaha Class Cruisers". Historyofwar.org. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  7. ^ a b c Toppan, Andrew (22 January 2000). "US Cruisers List: Light/Heavy/Antiaircraft Cruisers, Part 1". Hazegray.org. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  8. ^ U.S.S. Memphis
  9. ^ "Papers of Rear Admiral Henry E. Lackey (1899–1940)". Washington, D.C: Operational Archives Branch, Naval Historical Center. Archived from the original on 13 August 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  10. ^ "USS Memphis". historycentral.com. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  11. ^ "Myers, Burrage, Graham Papers" (PDF). Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  12. ^ "NH 80491 USS Memphis (CL-13)". U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command. October 1928. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  13. ^ Forward, FDR-Archive

External links[edit]