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{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Leucophyllum frutescens Green Cloud.jpg
|image = Leucophyllum frutescens Green Cloud.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Leucophyllum frutescens]]'' 'Green Cloud'
|image_caption = ''[[Leucophyllum frutescens]]'' 'Green Cloud'
⚫
|taxon = Leucophyllum
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|authority = [[Alexander von Humboldt|Humb.]] & [[Aimé Bonpland|Bonpl.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6783 |title=Genus: ''Leucophyllum'' Humb. & Bonpl. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2008-01-31 |accessdate=2011-02-17}}</ref>
|unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
|familia = [[Scrophulariaceae]]<ref name="olmstead2001">{{cite journal | author = Olmstead, R. G., dePamphilis, C. W., Wolfe, A. D., Young, N. D., Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. | title = Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae | journal= American Journal of Botany| volume= 88| pages = 348–361| year=2001 | url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/88/2/348 | doi = 10.2307/2657024 | pmid = 11222255 | issue = 2 | jstor = 10.2307/2657024 | publisher = Botanical Society of America }}</ref>
|tribus = [[Leucophylleae]]
|genus = '''''Leucophyllum'''''
|genus_authority = [[Alexander von Humboldt|Humb.]] & [[Aimé Bonpland|Bonpl.]]
⚫
|synonyms = ''Terania'' <small>[[Jean-Louis Berlandier|Berland.]]</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6783 |title=''Leucophyllum'' Humb. & Bonpl. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2008-01-31 |accessdate=2010-04-11}}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = About 12 species, see text.
|subdivision = About 15 species, see text
|synonyms = ''Terania'' <small>[[Jean-Louis Berlandier|Berland.]]</small><ref name="GRIN"/>
|}}
}}


'''''Leucophyllum''''' is a genus of [[evergreen]] [[shrub]]s in the [[Scrophularia|figwort]] family, [[Scrophulariaceae]], native to the [[southwestern United States]] and [[Mexico]]. The dozen-odd species are often called "sages", although they have no relationship to the genus ''[[Salvia]]''.
'''''Leucophyllum''''' ('''barometer bush''' or '''barometerbush''')<ref>{{PLANTS |id=LEUCO3 |taxon=Leucophyllum |accessdate=2 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center at The University of Texas at Austin - ''Leucophyllum frutescens'' |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=lefr3 |website=www.wildflower.org |publisher=University of Texas |accessdate=30 July 2017}}</ref> is a genus of [[evergreen]] [[shrub]]s in the [[Scrophularia|figwort]] family, [[Scrophulariaceae]], native to the [[southwestern United States]] and [[Mexico]]. It is sometimes placed in the family [[Myoporaceae]].<ref name="GRIN"/> The dozen-odd species are often called "sages", although they have no relationship to the genus ''[[Salvia]]''.


The solitary axillary flowers are bell- or funnel-shaped, with five lobes and two lips, and colors ranging from white to magenta to purple. The generic name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words λευκός (''leukos''), meaning "white," and φυλλον (''phyllos''), meaning "[[leaf]]," referring to the trichome-covered foliage.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=agbm4S1eCQsC |first=Joel Ellis |last=Holloway |coauthors=Amanda Neill |title=A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Texas & the Southern Great Plains |publisher=TCU Press |year=2005 |isbn=9780875653099 |page=90}}</ref>
The solitary axillary flowers are bell- or funnel-shaped, with five lobes and two lips, and colors ranging from white to magenta to purple. The generic name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words λευκός (''leukos''), meaning "white," and φυλλον (''phyllos''), meaning "[[leaf]]," referring to the trichome-covered foliage.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agbm4S1eCQsC |last1=Holloway |first1=Joel Ellis |last2=Neill |first2=Amanda |title=A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Texas & the Southern Great Plains |publisher=TCU Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-87565-309-9 |page=90}}</ref>


These shrubs are found in [[sand]]y [[soil]]s and have a high [[Halophyte|salt tolerance]]. They have become popular for edge and area plantings in warmer areas and in [[xeriscaping]]; they require minimal water, are easily shaped into [[hedge]]s, and bloom over their entire surface. [[Cultivar]]s of ''[[Leucophyllum frutescens|L. frutescens]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum candidum|L. candidum]],
These shrubs are found in [[sand]]y [[soil]]s and have a high [[Halophyte|salt tolerance]]. They have become popular for edge and area plantings in warmer areas and in [[xeriscaping]]; they require minimal water, are easily shaped into [[hedge]]s, and bloom over their entire surface. [[Cultivar]]s of ''[[Leucophyllum frutescens|L. frutescens]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum candidum|L. candidum]]'',
''[[Leucophyllum laevigatum|L. laevigatum]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum langmaniae|L. langmaniae]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum pruinosum|L. pruinosum]]'', and ''[[Leucophyllum revolutum|L. revolutum]]'' have been developed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mswn.com/MSWNlovethoseleucophyllums.htm |title=Love those Sages |publisher=Mountain States Wholesale Nursery |accessdate=2010-06-16}}</ref>
''[[Leucophyllum laevigatum|L. laevigatum]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum langmaniae|L. langmaniae]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum pruinosum|L. pruinosum]]'', ''[[Leucophyllum revolutum|L. revolutum]]'', and ''[[Leucophyllum zygophyllum|L. zygophyllum]]'' have been developed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mswn.com/MSWNlovethoseleucophyllums.htm |title=Love those Sages |publisher=Mountain States Wholesale Nursery |accessdate=2010-12-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125153434/http://mswn.com/MSWNlovethoseleucophyllums.htm |archivedate=2010-11-25}}</ref>


''Leucophyllum'' shrubs are legendary for their ability to "forecast" rain, usually blooming several days prior to a rainstorm, apparently in response to humidity. They are sometimes called "[[barometer]] bush" for this reason. It is believed to be a survival trait in the plants' semi-desert habitats.
''Leucophyllum'' shrubs are legendary for their ability to "forecast" rain, usually blooming several days prior to a rainstorm, apparently in response to humidity. They are sometimes called "[[barometer]] bush" for this reason. It is believed to be a survival trait in the plants' semi-desert habitats.


==Selected species==
==Selected species==
* ''[[Leucophyllum candidum]]'' <small>[[Ivan Murray Johnston|I.M.Johnst.]]</small> &ndash; Brewster County Barometer Bush
*''[[Leucophyllum alejandrae]]'' <small> G.L. Nesom</small>
* ''[[Leucophyllum frutescens]]'' <small>([[Jean-Louis Berlandier|Berland.]]) I.M.Johnst.</small> &ndash; Texas Sage, Texas Ranger, Silverleaf
*''[[Leucophyllum ambiguum]]'' <small>Bonpl.</small>
* ''[[Leucophyllum laevigatum]]'' <small></small> &ndash; Chihuahuan Sage
*''[[Leucophyllum candidum]]'' <small>[[Ivan Murray Johnston|I.M.Johnst.]]<!--1941--></small> &ndash; Brewster County barometer bush
* ''[[Leucophyllum langmaniae]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Leucophyllum flyrii]]'' <small>B.L. Turner</small>
* ''[[Leucophyllum minus]]'' <small>[[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]</small> &ndash; Big Bend Barometer Bush<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=33627 |taxon=''Leucophyllum'' |accessdate=11 April 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Leucophyllum frutescens]]'' <small>([[Jean-Louis Berlandier|Berland.]]) I.M.Johnst.<!--1924--></small> &ndash; Texas sage, Texas ranger, silverleaf
* ''[[Leucophyllum pruinosum]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Leucophyllum hintoniorum]]''<small> G.L. Nesom</small>
* ''[[Leucophyllum revolutum]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Leucophyllum laevigatum]]'' <small>[[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]<!--1924--></small> &ndash; Chihuahuan sage
*''[[Leucophyllum langmaniae]]'' <small>[[Lowell David Flyr|Flyr]]<!--1985--></small> &ndash; [[Ida Kaplan Langman|Langman]]'s sage, Rio Bravo sage
⚫
== References ==
*''[[Leucophyllum minus]]'' <small>[[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]</small> &ndash; Big Bend barometer bush<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=33627 |taxon=''Leucophyllum'' |accessdate=2010-04-11}}</ref>
<references />
*''[[Leucophyllum mojinense]]'' <small>Henrickson & T. Van Devender</small>
*''[[Leucophyllum pringlei]]'' <small>(Greenm.) Standl.</small>
*''[[Leucophyllum pruinosum]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.<!--1941--></small>
*''[[Leucophyllum revolutum]]'' <small>[[Jerzy Rzedowski|Rzed.]]<!--1955--></small>
*''[[Leucophyllum ultramonticola]]'' <small>[[Lowell David Flyr|Flyr]]</small>
*''[[Leucophyllum zygophyllum]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.<!--1940--></small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40005952?tab=subordinatetaxa |title=Subordinate taxa of ''Leucophyllum'' Humb. & Bonpl. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |accessdate=2010-12-03}}</ref>

===Hybrids===
*''Leucophyllum'' × 'Heavenly Cloud' (''L. frutescens'' 'Green Cloud' × ''L. laevigatum'')
*''Leucophyllum'' × 'Rain Cloud' (''L. frutescens'' × ''L. minus'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.public.asu.edu/~camartin/plants/Plant%20html%20files/LEUCO.HTM |title=L''eucophyllums'' for central Arizona urban landscapes |publisher=Arizona State University |accessdate=2011-02-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418115904/http://www.public.asu.edu/~camartin/plants/Plant%20html%20files/LEUCO.HTM |archivedate=2011-04-18}}</ref>

⚫
==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/leucophyllumfrutes.htm Page on ''L. frutescens'' from Texas Native Plants Database]
*[http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/leucophyllumfrutes.htm Page on ''L. frutescens'' from Texas Native Plants Database]
{{commonscat-inline|Leucophyllum|''Leucophyllum''}}
{{wikispecies-inline}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2702896}}
⚫
[[Category:Scrophulariaceae]]


[[es:Leucophyllum]]
[[Category:Leucophyllum| ]]
⚫
[[Category:Scrophulariaceae]]
⚫
[[fr:Leucophyllum]]
[[Category:Scrophulariaceae genera]]
[[pt:Leucophyllum]]
[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
[[ro:Leucophyllum]]
[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Alexander von Humboldt]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland]]

Latest revision as of 14:12, 16 February 2023

Leucophyllum
Leucophyllum frutescens 'Green Cloud'
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Tribe: Leucophylleae
Genus: Leucophyllum
Humb. & Bonpl.[1]
Species

About 15 species, see text

Synonyms

Terania Berland.[1]

Leucophyllum (barometer bush or barometerbush)[2][3] is a genus of evergreen shrubs in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. It is sometimes placed in the family Myoporaceae.[1] The dozen-odd species are often called "sages", although they have no relationship to the genus Salvia.

The solitary axillary flowers are bell- or funnel-shaped, with five lobes and two lips, and colors ranging from white to magenta to purple. The generic name is derived from the Greek words λευκός (leukos), meaning "white," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf," referring to the trichome-covered foliage.[4]

These shrubs are found in sandy soils and have a high salt tolerance. They have become popular for edge and area plantings in warmer areas and in xeriscaping; they require minimal water, are easily shaped into hedges, and bloom over their entire surface. Cultivars of L. frutescens, L. candidum, L. laevigatum, L. langmaniae, L. pruinosum, L. revolutum, and L. zygophyllum have been developed.[5]

Leucophyllum shrubs are legendary for their ability to "forecast" rain, usually blooming several days prior to a rainstorm, apparently in response to humidity. They are sometimes called "barometer bush" for this reason. It is believed to be a survival trait in the plants' semi-desert habitats.

Selected species[edit]

Hybrids[edit]

  • Leucophyllum × 'Heavenly Cloud' (L. frutescens 'Green Cloud' × L. laevigatum)
  • Leucophyllum × 'Rain Cloud' (L. frutescens × L. minus)[8]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leucophyllum.
  1. ^ a b c "Genus: Leucophyllum Humb. & Bonpl". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Leucophyllum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  3. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center at The University of Texas at Austin - Leucophyllum frutescens". www.wildflower.org. University of Texas. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  4. ^ Holloway, Joel Ellis; Neill, Amanda (2005). A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Texas & the Southern Great Plains. TCU Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-87565-309-9.
  5. ^ "Love those Sages". Mountain States Wholesale Nursery. Archived from the original on 2010-11-25. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
  6. ^ "Leucophyllum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  7. ^ "Subordinate taxa of Leucophyllum Humb. & Bonpl". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
  8. ^ "Leucophyllums for central Arizona urban landscapes". Arizona State University. Archived from the original on 2011-04-18. Retrieved 2011-02-17.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leucophyllum&oldid=1139709606"