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{{Short description|Former senior British Army officer appointment}}
The '''Adjutant-General to the Forces''', commonly just referred to as the '''Adjutant-General''' ('''AG'''), was for just over 250 years one of the most senior officers in the [[British Army]]. He was latterly responsible for developing the Army's personnel policies and supporting its people.<ref name=review>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121026065214/www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/DefencePolicyAndBusiness/ArmyConductsTopLevelOrganisationalReview.htm Army conducts Top Level Organisational Review] Defence News, 9 December 2009</ref> The Adjutant-General usually held the rank of [[General]] or [[Lieutenant-General]]. Despite his administrative role, the Adjutant-General, like most officers above the rank of [[Major-General]], was invariably drawn from one of the combat arms, not from the support [[corps]].▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{British Army}}
▲The '''Adjutant-General to the Forces''', commonly just referred to as the '''Adjutant-General''' ('''AG'''), was for just over 250 years one of the most senior officers in the [[British Army]].
==History==
In origin the [[Adjutant]]-General was chief [[staff officer]] to the [[Commander-in-Chief of the Forces]].<ref name="Roper1998" /> The post of Adjutant-General is first recorded in 1673 and it was established on a permanent basis in the [[English Army]] from 1680.<ref name=Roper1998>{{cite book |last1=Roper |first1=Michael |title=The Records of the War Office and Related Departments, 1660-1964 |date=1998 |publisher=Public Record Office |location=Kew, Surrey }}</ref> For a time there were two Adjutants-General, one 'for the [[Foot soldiers|Foot]]' and one 'for the [[Cavalry|Horse]]' until the two were consolidated into a single appointment 'of the Forces' in 1701. Until the passing of the respective [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] there were [[Scottish Army|Scottish]] and [[Irish Royal Army|Irish]] Adjutants-General; on occasions a separate Adjutant-General would be appointed for deployments overseas; and the [[Board of Ordnance]] had an independent Adjutant-General and Deputy for the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers (respectively) until they were integrated into the British Army in the 1850s.<ref name="Roper1998" />
In the 18th century the Adjutant-General was tasked with issuing orders to the Army, receiving monthly returns from the Regiments, regulation of officers' appointments and [[leave of absence]], and oversight of military reviews, exercises, manoeuvres and matters of discipline.<ref name="Roper1998" /> By the early 1800s the Adjutant-General had responsibility for 'all subjects connected with the Discipline, Equipment and Efficiency of the Army'; the AG also took on general responsibility for recruitment at this time.<ref name="GR&O1811">{{cite book |title=General Regulations and Orders for the Army |date=1811 |publisher=Adjutant General's Office |location=Horse Guards, London |page=47}}</ref> A century later the AG is described as 'a general officer and at the head of his department of the War Office, which is charged with all duties relative to personnel'.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Adjutant-General}}</ref>
Headquarters Adjutant-General was based at the former [[RAF Upavon]], now Trenchard Lines, [[Upavon]], [[Wiltshire]]. On 1 April 2008 it amalgamated with [[Commander Land Forces|HQ Land Command]] to form HQ Land Forces under 'Project Hyperion'.<ref>[http://www.drumbeat.org.uk/resources/133JUN08.PDF Drumbeat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307005327/http://www.drumbeat.org.uk/resources/133JUN08.PDF |date=2012-03-07 }}</ref>▼
▲In the 20th century the Adjutant-General was the Second Military Member of the [[Army Council (1904)|Army Council]] and its successor the [[Army Board]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nLdW_vkYPQQC&dq=%22Master-General+of+the+Ordnance%22+Member+of+the+Army+Council&pg=RA5-PA481 ''The Army in 1906: A Policy and a Vindication'' By Hugh Oakeley Arnold-Forster, Page 481] Bibliobazaar, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-559-66499-1}}</ref> Headquarters Adjutant-General was latterly based at the former [[RAF Upavon]], now known as Trenchard Lines, [[Upavon]], [[Wiltshire]]. On 1 April 2008 it amalgamated with [[Commander Land Forces|HQ Land Command]] to form HQ Land Forces under 'Project Hyperion'.<ref>[http://www.drumbeat.org.uk/resources/133JUN08.PDF Drumbeat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307005327/http://www.drumbeat.org.uk/resources/133JUN08.PDF |date=2012-03-07 }}</ref>
In December 2009 it was announced that the responsibilities of the [[Commander Regional Forces (United Kingdom)|Commander Regional Forces]] (i.e. responsibility for support) would be subsumed within those of the Adjutant-General to the Forces who henceforth would take responsibility for both personnel and support.<ref name=review/> In 2015 the post was re-designated [[Home Command (British Army)|Commander Personnel and Support Command]] (renamed Commander Home Command the following year).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/a-new-painting-marks-armys-relationship-with-scotland-over-last-100-years|title=A new painting marks
:"In my new operating model, I no longer have an Adjutant-General. The reason that I do not have an Adjutant-General is that effectively I am the Adjutant-General. People matter so much to me that I have put that at the heart of my agenda. I am the first CGS ever to have done that."<ref>{{cite web|title=Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 and the Army|url=http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/defence-committee/sdsr-2015-and-the-army/oral/34418.html|website=parliament.uk|
The appointment of a Deputy Adjutant-General is first recorded in 1757, with Assistant Adjutants-General being appointed from 1806.<ref name="Roper1998" />
== List of Adjutants-General to the Forces ==
Holders of the post include:<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=July 5, 2015 }}</ref>
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*
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*1781–1799 General [[William Fawcett (British Army officer)|Sir William Fawcett]]
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*1860–1865 General [[James Yorke Scarlett|Sir James Yorke Scarlett]]
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*
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*1882
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*1897–1901 Lieutenant-General [[Evelyn Wood (British Army officer)|Sir Evelyn Wood]]
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*1927–1931 General [[Walter Braithwaite|Sir Walter Braithwaite]]
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*1937–1939 General [[Clive Gerard Liddell|Sir Clive Liddell]]
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*1947–1950 General [[James Steele (British Army officer)|Sir James Steele]]
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*1963–1964 General [[James Cassels (British Army officer)|Sir James Cassels]]
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*1970–1973 General [[John Mogg (British Army officer)|Sir John Mogg]]
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*1981–1984 General [[George Cooper (British Army officer)|Sir George Cooper]]
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*1986–1988 General [[David Mostyn (British Army officer)|Sir David Mostyn]]
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*1990–1993 General [[David Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham|Sir David Ramsbotham]]
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*1995–1997 General [[Michael Rose (British Army officer)|Sir Michael Rose]]
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*2012–2015 Lieutenant-General [[Gerald Berragan|Sir Gerald Berragan]]
For subsequent equivalent appointments see [[Home Command (British Army)|Commander Home Command]].
==Deputy Adjutants-General to the Forces==
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* [[Adjutant general]]
* [[Adjutant General's Corps]]
== References ==
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Latest revision as of 16:08, 14 March 2023
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The Adjutant-General to the Forces, commonly just referred to as the Adjutant-General (AG), was for just over 250 years one of the most senior officers in the British Army. The AG was latterly responsible for developing the Army's personnel policies and supporting its people.[1] The Adjutant-General usually held the rank of general or lieutenant general. Despite his administrative role, the Adjutant-General, like most officers above the rank of major general, was invariably drawn from one of the combat arms, not from the support corps.
History[edit]
In origin the Adjutant-General was chief staff officer to the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.[2] The post of Adjutant-General is first recorded in 1673 and it was established on a permanent basis in the English Army from 1680.[2] For a time there were two Adjutants-General, one 'for the Foot' and one 'for the Horse' until the two were consolidated into a single appointment 'of the Forces' in 1701. Until the passing of the respective Acts of Union there were Scottish and Irish Adjutants-General; on occasions a separate Adjutant-General would be appointed for deployments overseas; and the Board of Ordnance had an independent Adjutant-General and Deputy for the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers (respectively) until they were integrated into the British Army in the 1850s.[2]
In the 18th century the Adjutant-General was tasked with issuing orders to the Army, receiving monthly returns from the Regiments, regulation of officers' appointments and leave of absence, and oversight of military reviews, exercises, manoeuvres and matters of discipline.[2] By the early 1800s the Adjutant-General had responsibility for 'all subjects connected with the Discipline, Equipment and Efficiency of the Army'; the AG also took on general responsibility for recruitment at this time.[3] A century later the AG is described as 'a general officer and at the head of his department of the War Office, which is charged with all duties relative to personnel'.[4]
In the 20th century the Adjutant-General was the Second Military Member of the Army Council and its successor the Army Board.[5] Headquarters Adjutant-General was latterly based at the former RAF Upavon, now known as Trenchard Lines, Upavon, Wiltshire. On 1 April 2008 it amalgamated with HQ Land Command to form HQ Land Forces under 'Project Hyperion'.[6]
In December 2009 it was announced that the responsibilities of the Commander Regional Forces (i.e. responsibility for support) would be subsumed within those of the Adjutant-General to the Forces who henceforth would take responsibility for both personnel and support.[1] In 2015 the post was re-designated Commander Personnel and Support Command (renamed Commander Home Command the following year).[7] In evidence to the House of Commons Defence Committee the Chief of the General Staff explained:
- "In my new operating model, I no longer have an Adjutant-General. The reason that I do not have an Adjutant-General is that effectively I am the Adjutant-General. People matter so much to me that I have put that at the heart of my agenda. I am the first CGS ever to have done that."[8] (14 June 2016)
The appointment of a Deputy Adjutant-General is first recorded in 1757, with Assistant Adjutants-General being appointed from 1806.[2]
List of Adjutants-General to the Forces[edit]
Holders of the post include:[9]
- 1743–1748 Colonel Charles Ingram
- 1763–1778 Lieutenant-General Edward Harvey
- 1778–1781 Lieutenant-General William Amherst
- 1781–1799 General Sir William Fawcett
- 1799–1820 Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Calvert
- 1820–1828 Major-General Sir Henry Torrens
- 1828–1830 Lieutenant-General Sir Herbert Taylor
- 1830–1850 Lieutenant-General Sir John Macdonald
- 1850–1853 General Sir George Brown
- 1853–1854 General Sir George Cathcart
- 1854–1860 General Sir George Weatherall
- 1860–1865 General Sir James Yorke Scarlett
- 1865–1870 General Lord William Paulet
- 1870–1876 General Sir Richard Airey
- 1876–1882 General Sir Charles Ellice
- 1882–1890 General Lord Wolseley
- 1882 Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Taylor[10]
- 1890–1897 Lieutenant-General Sir Redvers Buller
- 1897–1901 Lieutenant-General Sir Evelyn Wood
- 1901–1904 Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny[11]
- 1904–1909 Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Douglas
- 1909–1910 Lieutenant-General Sir Ian Hamilton
- 1910–1914 Lieutenant-General Sir Spencer Ewart
- 1914–1916 Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Sclater
- 1916–1918 Lieutenant-General Sir Nevil Macready
- 1918–1922 Lieutenant-General Sir George Macdonogh
- 1922–1923 Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Chetwode
- 1923–1927 Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Whigham
- 1927–1931 General Sir Walter Braithwaite
- 1931–1933 General Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd
- 1933–1935 General Sir Cecil Romer
- 1935–1937 General Sir Harry Knox
- 1937–1939 General Sir Clive Liddell
- 1939–1940 General Sir Robert Gordon-Finlayson
- 1940–1941 Lieutenant-General Colville Wemyss
- 1941–1946 General Sir Ronald Forbes Adam
- 1946–1947 General Sir Richard O'Connor
- 1947–1950 General Sir James Steele
- 1950–1953 General Sir John Crocker
- 1953–1956 General Sir Cameron Nicholson
- 1956–1959 General Sir Charles Loewen
- 1959–1960 General Sir Hugh Stockwell
- 1960–1963 General Sir Richard Goodbody
- 1963–1964 General Sir James Cassels
- 1964–1967 General Sir Reginald Hewetson
- 1967–1970 General Sir Geoffrey Musson
- 1970–1973 General Sir John Mogg
- 1973–1976 General Sir Cecil Blacker
- 1976–1978 General Sir Jack Harman
- 1978–1981 General Sir Robert Ford
- 1981–1984 General Sir George Cooper
- 1984–1986 General Sir Roland Guy
- 1986–1988 General Sir David Mostyn
- 1988–1990 General Sir Robert Pascoe
- 1990–1993 General Sir David Ramsbotham
- 1993–1995 General Sir Michael Wilkes
- 1995–1997 General Sir Michael Rose
- 1997–2000 General Sir Alexander Harley
- 2000–2003 Lieutenant-General Sir Timothy Granville-Chapman
- 2003–2005 Lieutenant-General Sir Alistair Irwin
- 2005–2008 Lieutenant-General Sir Freddie Viggers
- 2008–2009 Lieutenant-General Sir William Rollo
- 2009–2012 Lieutenant-General Sir Mark Mans
- 2012–2015 Lieutenant-General Sir Gerald Berragan
For subsequent equivalent appointments see Commander Home Command.
Deputy Adjutants-General to the Forces[edit]
- 1900 to 1902 Major-General Joseph Henry Laye[12]
- 1902 to 1903 Major-General Arthur Wynne[13]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Army conducts Top Level Organisational Review Defence News, 9 December 2009
- ^ a b c d e Roper, Michael (1998). The Records of the War Office and Related Departments, 1660-1964. Kew, Surrey: Public Record Office.
- ^ General Regulations and Orders for the Army. Horse Guards, London: Adjutant General's Office. 1811. p. 47.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ The Army in 1906: A Policy and a Vindication By Hugh Oakeley Arnold-Forster, Page 481 Bibliobazaar, 2008, ISBN 978-0-559-66499-1
- ^ Drumbeat Archived 2012-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "A new painting marks Army's relationship with Scotland over last 100 years". Ministry of Defence. 7 October 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ^ "Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 and the Army". parliament.uk. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ^ Army Commands Archived July 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Arthur William Alsager Pollock, The United service magazine (1882), p. 102: "The Adjutant-Generalship. — The appointment of Lieutenant-General R. C. H. Taylor, C.B., to officiate as Adjutant-General to the Forces, during the absence of Sir Garnet Wolseley on special service, is one that cannot fail to afford much satisfaction–the army." Wolseley was overseas–command British forces during the Second Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882.
- ^ "No. 27360". The London Gazette. 1 October 1901. p. 6400.
- ^ "No. 27168". The London Gazette. 23 February 1900. p. 1260.
- ^ "No. 27433". The London Gazette. 13 May 1902. p. 3179.