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{{BLP sources|date=January 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Short description|American theatre director (1937–2021)}}
{{Infobox person/Wikidata|fetchwikidata=ALL}}
{{infobox person

|name = Lee Breuer
⚫
'''Lee Breuer''' (6 February 1937 – 3 January 2021) was an [[United States|American]] playwright, theater director, academic, educator, film maker, poet, and lyricist.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shewey|first=Don|date=2002-01-13|title=THEATER; Sacrifice Goes With the Territory at Mabou Mines (Published 2002)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/13/theater/theater-sacrifice-goes-with-the-territory-at-mabou-mines.html|access-date=2021-01-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Lee Breuer, Co-founder of Experimental Company Mabou Mines, Dies at 83 {{!}} TheaterMania|url=https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/lee-breuer-cofounder-of-experimental-company-mabou_91783.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.theatermania.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|image = Lee Breuer 02.jpg
|birth_name = Esser Leopold Breuer
|birth_date = {{birth date|1937|2|6}}
|birth_place = [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, U.S.
|death_date = {{death date and age|2021|1|3|1937|2|6}}
|death_place = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.
|occupation = {{Hlist|Playwright|director|academic|writer}}
|spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Ruth Maleczech]]|1978|2013|end = died}}
* {{marriage|Maude Mitchell|2015}}
}}
|children = 5
|education = [[University of California, Los Angeles]]
}}
⚫
'''Esser Leopold''' "'''Lee'''" '''Breuer''' (February 6, 1937 – January 3, 2021) was an [[Obie Award]]-winning and [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer]]-, [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]]-, [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]]- and [[Tony Awards|Tony]]-nominated American playwright, theater director, academic, educator, filmmaker, poet, and lyricist.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shewey|first=Don|date=January 13, 2002|title=THEATER; Sacrifice Goes With the Territory at Mabou Mines (Published 2002)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/13/theater/theater-sacrifice-goes-with-the-territory-at-mabou-mines.html|access-date=January 4, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Lee Breuer, Co-founder of Experimental Company Mabou Mines, Dies at 83 {{!}} TheaterMania|url=https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/lee-breuer-cofounder-of-experimental-company-mabou_91783.html|access-date=January 4, 2021|website=www.theatermania.com|date=January 4, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Breuer taught and directed on six continents.<ref name=":2" />


==Career==
==Career==
Breuer was a founding co-artistic director of [[Mabou Mines|Mabou Mines Theater Company]] in [[New York City]], which Breuer began in 1970 with colleagues [[Philip Glass]], [[Ruth Maleczech]], [[JoAnne Akalaitis]], [[David Warrilow]], and [[Frederick Neumann]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ryzik|first=Melena|date=2007-08-31|title=Portable Theater (Just Go With the Flow) (Published 2007)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/31/theater/31mabo.html|access-date=2021-01-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Since the birth of the company, Breuer worked with Mabou Mines.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sabatini|first=A. J.|title=Lee Breuer’s ‘La Divina Caricatura’|url=https://www.broadstreetreview.com/theater/lee-breuers-la-divina-caricatura|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.broadstreetreview.com}}</ref>
Breuer was a founding co-artistic director of [[Mabou Mines|Mabou Mines Theater Company]] in [[New York City]], which Breuer began in 1970 with colleagues [[Philip Glass]], [[Ruth Maleczech]], [[JoAnne Akalaitis]], [[David Warrilow]], and [[Frederick Neumann]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ryzik|first=Melena|date=August 31, 2007|title=Portable Theater (Just Go With the Flow) (Published 2007)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/31/theater/31mabo.html|access-date=January 4, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Since the birth of the company, Breuer worked with Mabou Mines.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sabatini|first=A. J.|title=Lee Breuer's 'La Divina Caricatura'|url=https://www.broadstreetreview.com/theater/lee-breuers-la-divina-caricatura|access-date=January 4, 2021|website=www.broadstreetreview.com|date=December 21, 2013 }}</ref>


In 2013, Breuer directed the ''La Divina Caricatura: Part I The Shaggy Dog'' was co-produced by Mabou Mines.<ref name=":0" /> In 2005, Breuer previous Mabou Mines production include ''Red Beads,'' adapted by Breuer from a Russian folk story, created in collaboration with puppeteer [[Basil Twist]] and composer [[Ushio Torikai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Red Beads|url=http://www.newyorkcritic.org/redbeads.htm|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.newyorkcritic.org}}</ref> Of the September 2005 New York City premiere, the ''[[New York Times]]'' critic wrote "...theater as sorcery; it is a crossroads where artistic traditions meet to invent a marvelous common language. It is a fairy tale, a puppet play and a chamber opera… amazing work."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jefferson|first=Margo|date=2005-09-22|title=A Girl Caught in an Eternal Family Triangle (Published 2005)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/22/theater/reviews/a-girl-caught-in-an-eternal-family-triangle.html|access-date=2021-01-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
In 2013, Breuer directed the ''La Divina Caricatura: Part I The Shaggy Dog'' which was co-produced by Mabou Mines.<ref name=":0" /> In 2005, Breuer's previous Mabou Mines production ''Red Beads,'' was adapted by Breuer from a Russian folk story, created in collaboration with puppeteer [[Basil Twist]] and composer [[Ushio Torikai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Red Beads|url=http://www.newyorkcritic.org/redbeads.htm|access-date=January 4, 2021|website=www.newyorkcritic.org}}</ref> Of the September 2005 New York City premiere, the ''[[New York Times]]'' critic wrote "...theater as sorcery; it is a crossroads where artistic traditions meet to invent a marvelous common language. It is a fairy tale, a puppet play and a chamber opera… amazing work."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jefferson|first=Margo|date=September 22, 2005|title=A Girl Caught in an Eternal Family Triangle (Published 2005)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/22/theater/reviews/a-girl-caught-in-an-eternal-family-triangle.html|access-date=January 4, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


''Mabou Mines Dollhouse'', a deconstruction of the [[Ibsen]] classic, won 2004 [[Obie Award]]s for Best Director and Best Performance. The production toured nationally and internationally.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Walker Art Center Presents Legendary Experimental Theater Company Mabou Mines' Obie-Award Winning Mabou Mines DollHouse|url=http://walkerart.org/press-releases/2005/walker-art-center-presents-legendary-experime|access-date=2021-01-04|website=walkerart.org|language=en-US}}</ref> Breuer directed high definition video adaptation of stage production for Arte television France, which was aired throughout Europe.<ref name=":1" />
''Mabou Mines Dollhouse'', a deconstruction of the [[Ibsen]] classic, won 2004 [[Obie Award]]s for Best Director and Best Performance. The production toured nationally and internationally.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Walker Art Center Presents Legendary Experimental Theater Company Mabou Mines' Obie-Award Winning Mabou Mines DollHouse|url=http://walkerart.org/press-releases/2005/walker-art-center-presents-legendary-experime|access-date=January 4, 2021|website=walkerart.org|language=en-US}}</ref> Breuer directed high definition video adaptation of stage production for Arte television France, which was aired throughout Europe.<ref name=":1" />


Much of Breuer's work with Mabou Mines premiered at [[The Public Theater]] (NYC) under the patronage of the late [[Joseph Papp]], and at the [[La Mama Experimental Theater Club]] under the patronage of Ellen Stewart.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chow|first=Andrew R.|date=2018-07-24|title=Public Theater Is to Stage ‘The Gospel at Colonus’ in September (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/24/theater/public-theater-is-to-stage-the-gospel-at-colonus-in-september.html|access-date=2021-01-05|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> These include his Obie-winning adaptation of three works by [[Samuel Beckett]]: ''Play'', ''Come and Go'' and ''The Lost Ones''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gussow|first=Mel|date=1975-10-23|title=Mabou Mines Inhabits Beckett Landscapes on Jane St. (Published 1975)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/23/archives/mabou-mines-inhabits-beckett-landscapes-on-jane-st.html|access-date=2021-01-05|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Much of Breuer's work with Mabou Mines premiered at [[The Public Theater]] (NYC) under the patronage of the late [[Joseph Papp]], and at the [[La Mama Experimental Theater Club]] under the patronage of [[Ellen Stewart]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chow|first=Andrew R.|date=July 24, 2018|title=Public Theater Is to Stage 'The Gospel at Colonus' in September (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/24/theater/public-theater-is-to-stage-the-gospel-at-colonus-in-september.html|access-date=January 5, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> These include his Obie-winning adaptation of three works by [[Samuel Beckett]]: ''Play'', ''Come and Go'' and ''The Lost Ones''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gussow|first=Mel|date=October 23, 1975|title=Mabou Mines Inhabits Beckett Landscapes on Jane St. (Published 1975)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/23/archives/mabou-mines-inhabits-beckett-landscapes-on-jane-st.html|access-date=January 5, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


Breuer authored/directed [[Mabou Mines]]' trilogy, ''Animations'', including ''The B Beaver'', ''The Red Horse'' and ''The Shaggy Dog Animation'', which was awarded the [[Obie Award|Obie]] for Best Play in 1978.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=BWW News|title=Mabou Mines Theater Company Founder Lee Breuer Passes Away at 83|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Mabou-Mines-Theater-Company-Founder-Lee-Breuer-Passes-Away-at-83-20210104|access-date=2021-01-05|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref> In 1980 Breuer received two Obies for writing and direction of his play, ''A Prelude to a Death in Venice.'' He also wrote and directed ''An Epidog,'' the winner of the President's Commission Kennedy Center-American Express Award for Best New Work''.<ref name=":3" />''
Breuer authored/directed [[Mabou Mines]]' trilogy, ''Animations'', including ''The B Beaver'', ''The Red Horse'' and ''The Shaggy Dog Animation'', which was awarded the [[Obie Award|Obie]] for Best Play in 1978.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Mabou Mines Theater Company Founder Lee Breuer Passes Away at 83|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Mabou-Mines-Theater-Company-Founder-Lee-Breuer-Passes-Away-at-83-20210104|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref> In 1980 Breuer received two Obies for writing and direction of his play, ''A Prelude to a Death in Venice.'' He also wrote and directed ''An Epidog,'' the winner of the President's Commission Kennedy Center-American Express Award for Best New Work''.<ref name=":3" />''

In 1976 he appeared in [[Rosa von Praunheim]]'s [[New York City|New York]] film ''[[Underground and Emigrants]]''.


===The Gospel at Colonus===
===The Gospel at Colonus===
Breuer's best-known work is ''[[The Gospel at Colonus]]'', a Pentecostal Gospel rendering of Sophocles' ''[[Oedipus at Colonus]]'', created with composer [[Bob Telson]], starring [[Morgan Freeman]] and [[Clarence Fountain]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rabkin|first=Gerald|date=1984|title=Lee Breuer: On "The Gospel of Colonus"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3245404|journal=Performing Arts Journal|volume=8|issue=1|pages=48–51|doi=10.2307/3245404|issn=0735-8393}}</ref> It premiered at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]]'s "Next Wave Festival".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leon Levy BAM Digital Archive: Production: The Gospel at Colonus [1983f.00004]|url=http://levyarchive.bam.org/Detail/occurrences/10|access-date=2021-01-05|website=levyarchive.bam.org}}</ref> It was later performed on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater in 1988 for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. The production received numerous awards, including a Pulitzer Prize nomination (1988), an [[Obie Award]] for Best Musical (1984), and an [[Emmy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Breuer Dies: ‘The Gospel at Colonus’ Playwright, Leading Force In American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/lee-breuer-dies-gospel-colonus-202446574.html|access-date=2021-01-05|website=www.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
Breuer's best-known work is ''[[The Gospel at Colonus]]'', a Pentecostal Gospel rendering of Sophocles' ''[[Oedipus at Colonus]]'', created with composer [[Bob Telson]], starring [[Morgan Freeman]] and [[Clarence Fountain]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rabkin|first=Gerald|date=1984|title=Lee Breuer: On "The Gospel of Colonus"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3245404|journal=Performing Arts Journal|volume=8|issue=1|pages=48–51|doi=10.2307/3245404|jstor=3245404|s2cid=194896464|issn=0735-8393}}</ref> It premiered at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]]'s "Next Wave Festival".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leon Levy BAM Digital Archive: Production: The Gospel at Colonus [1983f.00004]|url=http://levyarchive.bam.org/Detail/occurrences/10|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=levyarchive.bam.org}}</ref> It was later performed on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater in 1988 for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. The production received numerous awards, including a Pulitzer Prize nomination (1988), an [[Obie Award]] for Best Musical (1984), and an [[Emmy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Breuer Dies: 'The Gospel at Colonus' Playwright, Leading Force In American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/lee-breuer-dies-gospel-colonus-202446574.html|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=www.yahoo.com|date=January 4, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>


''The Gospel at Colonus'' would go on to performances worldwide (Paris, Spoleto, Edinburgh, Moscow, Barcelona, London, Avignon). It was recreated for the 70th Anniversary of New York's legendary Apollo Theater for two weeks in the fall of 2004 starring [[Charles S. Dutton]] and Jevetta Steele.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Soloski|first=Alexis|date=2018-09-07|title=Review: Nature and Song Bring Electricity to ‘Gospel at Colonus’ (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/theater/gospel-at-colonus-review-delacorte.html|access-date=2021-01-05|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Culwell-Block|first=Logan|date=|title=Public Theater Will Revive The Gospel at Colonus in Central Park|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/public-theater-will-revive-the-gospel-at-colonus-in-central-park|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-05|website=Playbill|language=en}}</ref>
''The Gospel at Colonus'' would go on to performances worldwide (Paris, Spoleto, Edinburgh, Moscow, Barcelona, London, Avignon). It was recreated for the 70th Anniversary of New York's legendary Apollo Theater for two weeks in the fall of 2004 starring [[Charles S. Dutton]] and [[Jevetta Steele]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Soloski|first=Alexis|date=September 7, 2018|title=Review: Nature and Song Bring Electricity to 'Gospel at Colonus' (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/theater/gospel-at-colonus-review-delacorte.html|access-date=January 5, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Culwell-Block|first=Logan|title=Public Theater Will Revive The Gospel at Colonus in Central Park|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/public-theater-will-revive-the-gospel-at-colonus-in-central-park|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=Playbill|date=July 24, 2018|language=en}}</ref>


==Productions==
===Productions===
⚫
{{BLP sources section|date=May 2016}}
In 1981, with [[Ruth Maleczech]], Lee Breuer directed ''[[The Tempest]]'' for [[Joseph Papp]]'s [[Shakespeare in the Park]], starring [[Raul Julia]]. Breuer and Maleczech's daughter Clove Galilee played "Young Miranda" in the production.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/10/theater/theater-raul-julia-in-park-tempest.html ''The Tempest'' with Raul Julia: review], nytimes.com, July 10, 1981; accessed April 30, 2016.</ref>
In 1981, with [[Ruth Maleczech]], Lee Breuer directed ''[[The Tempest]]'' for [[Joseph Papp]]'s [[Shakespeare in the Park]], starring [[Raul Julia]]. Breuer and Maleczech's daughter Clove Galilee played "Young Miranda" in the production.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/10/theater/theater-raul-julia-in-park-tempest.html ''The Tempest'' with Raul Julia: review], nytimes.com, July 10, 1981; accessed April 30, 2016.</ref>


Breuer's music-theater collaborations as author and director with Bob Telson include ''Sister Suzie Cinema'', which premiered at The Public Theater and was televised on the PBS series, "Alive from Off Center".
Breuer's music-theater collaborations with Bob Telson include ''Sister Suzie Cinema'' (featuring [[14 Karat Soul]]), which premiered at The Public Theater and was televised on the PBS series, "Alive from Off Center" and “The Warrior Ant” which premiered at BAM in 1988. <ref>{{Cite web|date=June 30, 1986|title=TV REVIEW : 'OFF CENTER' OFFERS THE UNEXPECTED|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-06-30-ca-232-story.html|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>


Lee Breuer has directed 13 Obie Award-winning productions over a period of more than 40 years including: [[David Warrilow]] in ''The Lost Ones'' (1974); Bill Raymond in ''A Prelude to Death in Venice'' (1979); Ruth Maleczech in ''Hajj'' (1986); [[Yoshida Tamamatsu]] in ''The Warrior Ant'' (1990); Ruth Maleczech, Isabel Monk, Karen Kandel and Greg Mehrten in ''Mabou Mines Lear'' (1991); Karen Kandel in ''Peter and Wendy'' (1997); and Maude Mitchell in ''Mabou Mines Dollhouse'' (2004). His involvement outside of the U.S. includes directing ''Yi Sang Counts to Thirteen'' by Sung Rno, which had its debut in [[South Korea]] at the [[Seoul]] Theater Festival 2000.<ref>[http://horsetrade.info/season4/YISANG.html Seoul Theater Festival 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417132220/http://horsetrade.info/season4/YISANG.html |date=2013-04-17 }}, horsetrade.info; accessed April 30, 2016.</ref>
Breuer has directed 13 Obie Award-winning productions over a period of more than 40 years including: [[David Warrilow]] in ''The Lost Ones'' (1974); Bill Raymond in ''A Prelude to Death in Venice'' (1979); Ruth Maleczech in ''Hajj'' (1986); [[Yoshida Tamamatsu]] in ''The Warrior Ant'' (1990); Ruth Maleczech, Isabel Monk, Karen Kandel and Greg Mehrten in ''Mabou Mines Lear'' (1991); Karen Kandel in ''Peter and Wendy'' (1997); and Maude Mitchell in ''Mabou Mines Dollhouse'' (2004). His involvement outside of the U.S. includes directing ''Yi Sang Counts to Thirteen'' by Sung Rno, which had its debut in [[South Korea]] at the [[Seoul]] Theater Festival 2000.<ref>[http://horsetrade.info/season4/YISANG.html Seoul Theater Festival 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417132220/http://horsetrade.info/season4/YISANG.html |date=April 17, 2013 }}, horsetrade.info; accessed April 30, 2016.</ref>


Lee taught an acting workshop in [[New Delhi]], India during the summer of 2011 where he wrote and directed a workshop production of ''La Divina Caricatura''. Divina is a Bunraku pop-opera that uses puppetry and draws from the traditional format of Indian epics such as the [[Mahabharata]].<ref>[http://brooklynrail.org/2012/12/theater/madness-and-martyrdom-in-la-divina-caricaturalee-breuer-with-kyoung-h-park Madness and Martyrdom in La Divina Caricatura Lee Breuer with Kyoung H. Park], brooklynrail.org, December 2012; accessed April 30, 2016.</ref>
Lee taught an acting workshop in [[New Delhi]], India during the summer of 2011 where he wrote and directed a workshop production of ''La Divina Caricatura''. Divina is a Bunraku pop-opera that uses puppetry and draws from the traditional format of Indian epics such as the [[Mahabharata]].<ref>[http://brooklynrail.org/2012/12/theater/madness-and-martyrdom-in-la-divina-caricaturalee-breuer-with-kyoung-h-park Madness and Martyrdom in La Divina Caricatura Lee Breuer with Kyoung H. Park], brooklynrail.org, December 2012; accessed April 30, 2016.</ref>


==Selected Works==
==Personal life==
Breuer was born in Philadelphia.<ref name = NYT>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/theater/lee-breuer-dead.html|title = Lee Breuer, Adventurous Theater Director, Dies at 83|date = January 4, 2021|access-date = January 5, 2021|last = Collins-Hughes|first = Laura|work = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He studied English at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]].<ref name = NYT/> Breuer married Maleczech in 1978. They had two children (Clove Galilee and Lute Breuer) and remained legally married until her death in 2013, but spent much of the latter period separated.<ref name = NYT/> He also had three children (Alexander Tiappa Klimovitsky, Mojo Lorwin, and Wah Mohn) by other relationships.<ref name = NYT/> Ms. Mitchell and Mr. Breuer met in 1999 at Sundance Theater Lab and became partners; they married in 2015.<ref name = NYT/> In addition to Mitchell, he was survived by his daughter, Clove Galilee; his sons, Lute Ramblin Breuer, Alexander Tiappa Klimovitsky, Mojo Lorwin and Wah Mohn; daughters-in-law Jenny Rogers and Martha Elliot<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/lee-breuer-dead-obituary-mabou-mines-the-gospel-at-colonus-playwright-was-83-1234664485|title = Lee Breuer Dies: 'The Gospel at Colonus' Playwright, Leading Force in American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83|date = January 4, 2021}}</ref> and three grandchildren.<ref name = NYT/>

Breuer's children all grew up to be artists. Like their mothers — Maleczech, Klimovitskaya, Lorwin and Leslie Mohn (died 2007) — all had collaborated with him.<ref name = NYT/>

Breuer died at his home in [[Brooklyn Heights]] on January 3, 2021, at age 83. He had advanced kidney disease and metastatic lung cancer.<ref name = NYT/>

==Selected works==
⚫
{{sources|section|date = January 2021}}
=== Plays ===
=== Plays ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Title !! Role !! Year
! Title !! Role !! Year !! Ref
|-
|-
| The Warrior Ant (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) || Playwright || 1988
| The Warrior Ant (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) || Playwright || 1988 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| An Epidog (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) || Playwright || 1996
| An Epidog (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) || Playwright || 1996 ||
|-
|-
| Ecco Porco (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) || Playwright || 2002
| Ecco Porco (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) || Playwright || 2002 ||
|-
|-
| Peter and Wendy || Lyricist || 1996
| Peter and Wendy || Lyricist || 1996 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| Mabou Mines Dollhouse || Adaptor || 2003
| Mabou Mines Dollhouse || Adaptor || 2003 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| Red Beads || Playwright || 1993
| Red Beads || Playwright || 1993 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| The MahabharANTa || Playwright || 1992
| The MahabharANTa || Playwright || 1992 ||
|-
|-
| Gospel at Colonus || Playwright || 1982
| Gospel at Colonus || Playwright || 1982 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| The Quantum || Playwright || 1991
| The Quantum || Playwright || 1991 ||
|-
|-
| Hajj || Playwright || 1982
| Hajj || Playwright || 1982 ||
|-
|-
| Lear || Playwright || 1990
| Lear || Playwright || 1990 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| The Saint and the Football Players || Playwright || 1976
| The Saint and the Football Players || Playwright || 1976 ||
|-
|-
| The Lost Ones (Samuel Beckett) || Adaptor || 1976 || <ref name=MacArthur>{{cite web|title=MacArthur Fellows Program – Lee Breuer|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/549/|date=January 1, 2005|publisher=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319175438/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/549/|archive-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref>
| The Lost Ones (Samuel Beckett) || Adaptor || 1976
|-
|-
| Red Horse Animation (Animations Trilogy) || Playwright || 1972
| Red Horse Animation (Animations Trilogy) || Playwright || 1972 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| B-Beaver Animation (Animations Trilogy) || Playwright || 1974
| B-Beaver Animation (Animations Trilogy) || Playwright || 1974 ||
|-
|-
| Shaggy Dog Animation (Animations Trilogy) || Playwright || 1978
| Shaggy Dog Animation (Animations Trilogy) || Playwright || 1978 ||
|-
|-
| A Prelude to Death in Venice || Playwright || 1980
| A Prelude to Death in Venice || Playwright || 1980 || <ref name=MacArthur/>
|-
|-
| Sister Suzie Cinema || Playwright || 1980
| Sister Suzie Cinema || Playwright || 1980 || <ref name=MacArthur/>
|-
|-
| The Line || Playwright ||1959
| The Line || Playwright ||1959 ||
|-
|-
| A Play || Playwright || 1958
| A Play || Playwright || 1958 ||
|-
|-
| The Wood Complains || Playwright || 1957
| The Wood Complains || Playwright || 1957 ||
|}
|}


Line 82: Line 106:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Title !! Publisher !! Year
! Title !! Publisher !! Year !! Ref
|-
|-
| Animations: A Trilogy for Mabou Mines || Performing Arts Journal Publications || 1979
| Animations: A Trilogy for Mabou Mines || Performing Arts Journal Publications || 1979 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| Red Horse Animation || The Theatre of Images, Johns Hopkins University Press || 1996
| Red Horse Animation || The Theatre of Images, Drama Book Specialists|| 1977 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| A Prelude to Death in Venice || [[Theatre Communications Group]] || 1982
| A Prelude to Death in Venice || [[Theatre Communications Group]] || 1982 ||
|-
|-
| Sister Suzie Cinema: The Collected Poems and Performances, 1976-1986 || [[Theatre Communications Group]] || 1987
| Sister Suzie Cinema: The Collected Poems and Performances, 1976-1986 || [[Theatre Communications Group]] || 1987
|-
|-
| The Warrior Ant: Poems || Vincent FitzGerald & Co. || 1992
| The Warrior Ant: Poems || Vincent FitzGerald & Co. || 1992 ||
|-
|-
| La Divina Caricatura: A Fiction || [[Green Integer]] || 2002
| La Divina Caricatura: A Fiction || [[Green Integer]] || 2002 ||
|-
|-
| Gospel at Colonus || [[Theatre Communications Group]] || 1989
| Gospel at Colonus || [[Theatre Communications Group]] || 1989 || <ref name = NYT/>
|-
|-
| Travailler de Bois || Puck: La point critique || 2010
| Travailler de Bois || Puck: La point critique || 2010 ||
|-
|-
| Porco Morto || [[TDR (journal)|The Drama Review]] || 2009
| Porco Morto || [[TDR (journal)|The Drama Review]] || 2009 ||
|-
|-
| The Wall (short fiction) || Westwinds Magazine || 1959
| The Wall (short fiction) || Westwinds Magazine || 1959 ||
|-
|-
| In the City (short fiction) || San Francisco Review || 1961
| In the City (short fiction) || San Francisco Review || 1961 ||
|-
|-
| How We Work || Performing Arts Journal || 1977
| How We Work || Performing Arts Journal || 1977 ||
|-
|-
| B-Beaver Animation || From the Other Side of the Century Collection. Sun & Moon Press || 1998
| B-Beaver Animation || From the Other Side of the Century Collection. Sun & Moon Press || 1998 ||
|}
|}

==Awards, et al==
===Awards, et al===
2011 Named USA Ford Fellow in Theater Arts by United States Artists
2011 Named USA Ford Fellow in Theater Arts by United States Artists


Line 123: Line 148:
2007 Edwin Booth Award presented to the Artistic Directors of Mabou Mines by the Doctoral Theatre Students Association at the Graduate Center, CUNY.
2007 Edwin Booth Award presented to the Artistic Directors of Mabou Mines by the Doctoral Theatre Students Association at the Graduate Center, CUNY.


2006 Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters, Ministry of Culture of France<ref name=Evans>{{cite news|title=Lee Breuer Dies: 'The Gospel at Colonus' Playwright, Leading Force In American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/lee-breuer-dead-obituary-mabou-mines-the-gospel-at-colonus-playwright-was-83-1234664485/|first=Greg|last=Evans|date=January 4, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|magazine=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
2006 Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters, Ministry of Culture of France


2004 OBIE Award for 'Direction' for MABOU MINES DOLLHOUSE
2004 OBIE Award for 'Direction' for MABOU MINES DOLLHOUSE
Line 131: Line 156:
1994 Fund for New American Plays Award, Best American Play, for THE EPIDOG (Breuer)
1994 Fund for New American Plays Award, Best American Play, for THE EPIDOG (Breuer)


1986 OBIE Award for 'Sustained Achievement' to Mabou Mines
1986 OBIE Award for 'Sustained Achievement' to Mabou Mines<ref name=Evans/>


1985 National Institute for Music Theater Award 'Outstanding Achievement' to GOSPEL AT COLONUS
1985 National Institute for Music Theater Award 'Outstanding Achievement' to GOSPEL AT COLONUS
Line 175: Line 200:
1958 Samuel French Award to A PLAY
1958 Samuel French Award to A PLAY


==== Nominations ====
NOMINATIONS:
1988 Tony Nomination for Best Book - GOSPEL AT COLONUS (officially declined)
1988 Tony Nomination for Best Book - GOSPEL AT COLONUS (officially declined)


Line 188: Line 213:
In 1998, Breuer, was awarded an honorary degree from [[California Institute of the Arts]].
In 1998, Breuer, was awarded an honorary degree from [[California Institute of the Arts]].


==== Fellowships ====
FELLOWSHIPS:

2011 USA Ford Fellow in Theater Arts by United States Artists
2011 USA Ford Fellow in Theater Arts by United States Artists


Line 198: Line 222:
2001 Asian Cultural Council - Thailand, Study 2000 Asian Cultural Council - Seoul, Korea, Workshop
2001 Asian Cultural Council - Thailand, Study 2000 Asian Cultural Council - Seoul, Korea, Workshop


1997-2001 John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Breuer|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/549/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.macfound.org|language=en}}</ref>
1997-2001 John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Breuer|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/549/|access-date=January 4, 2021|website=www.macfound.org|language=en}}</ref>


1995 Asian Cultural Council - China, Teaching at Dramatic Institute in Beijing
1995 Asian Cultural Council - China, Teaching at Dramatic Institute in Beijing


1993 Japan-United States Friendship Commission - Japan, Research and Tour Planning
1993 [[Japan-United States Friendship Commission]] - Japan, Research and Tour Planning


1992 Asian Cultural Council - China
1992 Asian Cultural Council - China
Line 228: Line 252:
1977 Guggenheim Fellowship
1977 Guggenheim Fellowship


==Teaching==
===Teaching===
2011 Towsen University, Baltimore Maryland, Development workshop
2011 Towsen University, Baltimore Maryland, Development workshop


Line 258: Line 282:


1981 Experimental Wing, New York University
1981 Experimental Wing, New York University


==Personal life==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=May 2016}}
Lee Breuer was born February 6, 1937 to Joseph Bloomingthale Breuer and Sara Etta Leopold. He had five children: Clove Galilee and Lute Breuer with Ruth Maleczech, Alex Klimovitsky with [[Polina Klimovitskaya]], Joseph Lorwin with Liza Lorwin and Wah Mohn with Leslie Mohn; and two granddaughters, Bella and Ruma the children of his son Lute and Martha Elliot. Since 1999, he lived in [[Brooklyn Heights]] with his partner Maude Mitchell, whom he married in 2015. He taught and directed on six continents.

Breuer died on January 3, 2021, survived by his wife and artistic partner Maude Mitchell, children Clove, Lute, Alexander, Mojo, and Wah, daughters-in-law Jenny Rogers and Martha Elliot, and three grandchildren.<ref name=":2" />


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Lee Breuer}}
{{commons category|Lee Breuer}}
* [http://www.LeeBreuer.dog Lee Breuer's homepage]
* [http://www.LeeBreuer.dog Lee Breuer's homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730093601/http://leebreuer.dog/ |date=July 30, 2017 }}
* [http://www.maboumines.org/ Mabou Mines Theater Company]
* [http://www.maboumines.org/ Mabou Mines Theater Company]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Breuer, Lee}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Breuer, Lee}}
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Latest revision as of 11:59, 17 October 2023

Lee Breuer
Born
Esser Leopold Breuer

(1937-02-06)February 6, 1937
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJanuary 3, 2021(2021-01-03) (aged 83)
New York City, New York, U.S.
EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles
Occupations
  • Playwright
  • director
  • academic
  • writer
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1978; died 2013)​
Maude Mitchell
​
(m. 2015)​
Children5

Esser Leopold "Lee" Breuer (February 6, 1937 – January 3, 2021) was an Obie Award-winning and Pulitzer-, Grammy-, Emmy- and Tony-nominated American playwright, theater director, academic, educator, filmmaker, poet, and lyricist.[1][2] Breuer taught and directed on six continents.[2]

Career[edit]

Breuer was a founding co-artistic director of Mabou Mines Theater Company in New York City, which Breuer began in 1970 with colleagues Philip Glass, Ruth Maleczech, JoAnne Akalaitis, David Warrilow, and Frederick Neumann.[3] Since the birth of the company, Breuer worked with Mabou Mines.[4]

In 2013, Breuer directed the La Divina Caricatura: Part I The Shaggy Dog which was co-produced by Mabou Mines.[4] In 2005, Breuer's previous Mabou Mines production Red Beads, was adapted by Breuer from a Russian folk story, created in collaboration with puppeteer Basil Twist and composer Ushio Torikai.[5] Of the September 2005 New York City premiere, the New York Times critic wrote "...theater as sorcery; it is a crossroads where artistic traditions meet to invent a marvelous common language. It is a fairy tale, a puppet play and a chamber opera… amazing work."[6]

Mabou Mines Dollhouse, a deconstruction of the Ibsen classic, won 2004 Obie Awards for Best Director and Best Performance. The production toured nationally and internationally.[7] Breuer directed high definition video adaptation of stage production for Arte television France, which was aired throughout Europe.[7]

Much of Breuer's work with Mabou Mines premiered at The Public Theater (NYC) under the patronage of the late Joseph Papp, and at the La Mama Experimental Theater Club under the patronage of Ellen Stewart.[8] These include his Obie-winning adaptation of three works by Samuel Beckett: Play, Come and Go and The Lost Ones.[9]

Breuer authored/directed Mabou Mines' trilogy, Animations, including The B Beaver, The Red Horse and The Shaggy Dog Animation, which was awarded the Obie for Best Play in 1978.[10] In 1980 Breuer received two Obies for writing and direction of his play, A Prelude to a Death in Venice. He also wrote and directed An Epidog, the winner of the President's Commission Kennedy Center-American Express Award for Best New Work.[10]

In 1976 he appeared in Rosa von Praunheim's New York film Underground and Emigrants.

The Gospel at Colonus[edit]

Breuer's best-known work is The Gospel at Colonus, a Pentecostal Gospel rendering of Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus, created with composer Bob Telson, starring Morgan Freeman and Clarence Fountain.[11] It premiered at the Brooklyn Academy of Music's "Next Wave Festival".[12] It was later performed on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater in 1988 for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. The production received numerous awards, including a Pulitzer Prize nomination (1988), an Obie Award for Best Musical (1984), and an Emmy.[13]

The Gospel at Colonus would go on to performances worldwide (Paris, Spoleto, Edinburgh, Moscow, Barcelona, London, Avignon). It was recreated for the 70th Anniversary of New York's legendary Apollo Theater for two weeks in the fall of 2004 starring Charles S. Dutton and Jevetta Steele.[14][15]

Productions[edit]

In 1981, with Ruth Maleczech, Lee Breuer directed The Tempest for Joseph Papp's Shakespeare in the Park, starring Raul Julia. Breuer and Maleczech's daughter Clove Galilee played "Young Miranda" in the production.[16]

Breuer's music-theater collaborations with Bob Telson include Sister Suzie Cinema (featuring 14 Karat Soul), which premiered at The Public Theater and was televised on the PBS series, "Alive from Off Center" and “The Warrior Ant” which premiered at BAM in 1988. [17]

Breuer has directed 13 Obie Award-winning productions over a period of more than 40 years including: David Warrilow in The Lost Ones (1974); Bill Raymond in A Prelude to Death in Venice (1979); Ruth Maleczech in Hajj (1986); Yoshida Tamamatsu in The Warrior Ant (1990); Ruth Maleczech, Isabel Monk, Karen Kandel and Greg Mehrten in Mabou Mines Lear (1991); Karen Kandel in Peter and Wendy (1997); and Maude Mitchell in Mabou Mines Dollhouse (2004). His involvement outside of the U.S. includes directing Yi Sang Counts to Thirteen by Sung Rno, which had its debut in South Korea at the Seoul Theater Festival 2000.[18]

Lee taught an acting workshop in New Delhi, India during the summer of 2011 where he wrote and directed a workshop production of La Divina Caricatura. Divina is a Bunraku pop-opera that uses puppetry and draws from the traditional format of Indian epics such as the Mahabharata.[19]

Personal life[edit]

Breuer was born in Philadelphia.[20] He studied English at the University of California, Los Angeles.[20] Breuer married Maleczech in 1978. They had two children (Clove Galilee and Lute Breuer) and remained legally married until her death in 2013, but spent much of the latter period separated.[20] He also had three children (Alexander Tiappa Klimovitsky, Mojo Lorwin, and Wah Mohn) by other relationships.[20] Ms. Mitchell and Mr. Breuer met in 1999 at Sundance Theater Lab and became partners; they married in 2015.[20] In addition to Mitchell, he was survived by his daughter, Clove Galilee; his sons, Lute Ramblin Breuer, Alexander Tiappa Klimovitsky, Mojo Lorwin and Wah Mohn; daughters-in-law Jenny Rogers and Martha Elliot[21] and three grandchildren.[20]

Breuer's children all grew up to be artists. Like their mothers — Maleczech, Klimovitskaya, Lorwin and Leslie Mohn (died 2007) — all had collaborated with him.[20]

Breuer died at his home in Brooklyn Heights on January 3, 2021, at age 83. He had advanced kidney disease and metastatic lung cancer.[20]

Selected works[edit]

Plays[edit]

Title Role Year Ref
The Warrior Ant (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) Playwright 1988 [20]
An Epidog (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) Playwright 1996
Ecco Porco (La Divina Caricatura play cycle) Playwright 2002
Peter and Wendy Lyricist 1996 [20]
Mabou Mines Dollhouse Adaptor 2003 [20]
Red Beads Playwright 1993 [20]
The MahabharANTa Playwright 1992
Gospel at Colonus Playwright 1982 [20]
The Quantum Playwright 1991
Hajj Playwright 1982
Lear Playwright 1990 [20]
The Saint and the Football Players Playwright 1976
The Lost Ones (Samuel Beckett) Adaptor 1976 [22]
Red Horse Animation (Animations Trilogy) Playwright 1972 [20]
B-Beaver Animation (Animations Trilogy) Playwright 1974
Shaggy Dog Animation (Animations Trilogy) Playwright 1978
A Prelude to Death in Venice Playwright 1980 [22]
Sister Suzie Cinema Playwright 1980 [22]
The Line Playwright 1959
A Play Playwright 1958
The Wood Complains Playwright 1957

Publications[edit]

Title Publisher Year Ref
Animations: A Trilogy for Mabou Mines Performing Arts Journal Publications 1979 [20]
Red Horse Animation The Theatre of Images, Drama Book Specialists 1977 [20]
A Prelude to Death in Venice Theatre Communications Group 1982
Sister Suzie Cinema: The Collected Poems and Performances, 1976-1986 Theatre Communications Group 1987
The Warrior Ant: Poems Vincent FitzGerald & Co. 1992
La Divina Caricatura: A Fiction Green Integer 2002
Gospel at Colonus Theatre Communications Group 1989 [20]
Travailler de Bois Puck: La point critique 2010
Porco Morto The Drama Review 2009
The Wall (short fiction) Westwinds Magazine 1959
In the City (short fiction) San Francisco Review 1961
How We Work Performing Arts Journal 1977
B-Beaver Animation From the Other Side of the Century Collection. Sun & Moon Press 1998

Awards, et al[edit]

2011 Named USA Ford Fellow in Theater Arts by United States Artists

2011 Elliot Norton award for "Best Touring Production" Mabou Mines DollHouse

2008 Honored by the Cairo International Experimental Theatre Festival

2008 XI Festival Iberoamericana de Teatro de Bogota 2007

2008 Herald Archangel Award, Edinburgh Festival

2007 Edwin Booth Award presented to the Artistic Directors of Mabou Mines by the Doctoral Theatre Students Association at the Graduate Center, CUNY.

2006 Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters, Ministry of Culture of France[23]

2004 OBIE Award for 'Direction' for MABOU MINES DOLLHOUSE

1997 OBIE Award for 'Best Production' to PETER AND WENDY

1994 Fund for New American Plays Award, Best American Play, for THE EPIDOG (Breuer)

1986 OBIE Award for 'Sustained Achievement' to Mabou Mines[23]

1985 National Institute for Music Theater Award 'Outstanding Achievement' to GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1985 Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Concept to GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1985 Los Angeles Dramalogue Award for Best Direction and Text to GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1985 National Black Programming Award for Best Production Communicating Excellence to Black Audiences to GOSPEL AT COLONUS 1985 National Institute of Music Theater's Award for the Advancement of Music Theater

1984 OBIE Award for 'Best Musical' to GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1984 National Gospel Association Award 'Outstanding Production' to GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1984 Brandeis University Creative Arts Awards Citation in Theatre Arts to Mabou Mines for 'extraordinary artistic achievement,' re: script for HAJJ (Breuer)

1983 National ASCAP Popular Song Award for GOSPEL AT COLONUS lyrics

1983 United Gospel Association Award for Best Production to GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1983 American Theater Wing Joseph Maharam Award 'Consistently Excellent Collaborative Design'

1981 Villager Downtown Theatre Award to Mabou Mines for Outstanding Season

1980 OBIE Award to Lee Breuer for his script and direction of A PRELUDE TO DEATH IN VENICE.

1980 San Francisco Critics' Circle Award: Best Touring Production to A PRELUDE TO DEATH IN VENICE

1980 Villager Downtown Theatre Award for 'Best Musical' to SISTER SUZIE CINEMA

1979 Los Angeles Dramalogue Critics' Award to Lee Breuer (Direction) for THE LOST ONES

1978 OBIE Award for Best Play to Lee Breuer for THE SHAGGY DOG ANIMATION

1978 Villager Downtown Theatre Award to THE SHAGGY DOG ANIMATION

1978 Soho News Award for Best Ensemble to THE SHAGGY DOG ANIMATION

1974 OBIE Award for 'General Excellence' to Mabou Mines

1958-9 UCLA 'Best Play' Award to A PLAY and THE LINE

1958 Samuel French Award to A PLAY

Nominations[edit]

1988 Tony Nomination for Best Book - GOSPEL AT COLONUS (officially declined)

1988 Pulitzer Prize Nomination for Best Play - GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1987 NAACP Image Award Nomination - GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1986 Grammy Award Nomination for Best Theatrical Album - GOSPEL AT COLONUS

1986 Emmy Award Nomination for Best Direction (with Tod Browning) - GOSPEL AT COLONUS

In 1998, Breuer, was awarded an honorary degree from California Institute of the Arts.

Fellowships[edit]

2011 USA Ford Fellow in Theater Arts by United States Artists

2006 Bunting Fellowship - Radcliffe College, Cambridge, MA

2003 Fulbright Fellowship - Greece

2001 Asian Cultural Council - Thailand, Study 2000 Asian Cultural Council - Seoul, Korea, Workshop

1997-2001 John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship[24]

1995 Asian Cultural Council - China, Teaching at Dramatic Institute in Beijing

1993 Japan-United States Friendship Commission - Japan, Research and Tour Planning

1992 Asian Cultural Council - China

1992 Arts International - China, Teaching and Travel

1992 Arts International - Bali, Rehearsal and Travel

1990-91 CIES Counsel for International Exchange of Scholars - North and South India

1985 Rockefeller Foundation Playwriting Fellowship

1984 McKnight Foundation Playwriting Fellowship

1983 Japan-United States Friendship Commission Exchange Fellowship

1982 National Endowment for the Arts Playwriting Fellowship

1979 Rockefeller Foundation Playwriting Fellowship

1978 Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) Fellowship

1978 National Endowment for the Arts Playwriting Fellowship

1977 Guggenheim Fellowship

Teaching[edit]

2011 Towsen University, Baltimore Maryland, Development workshop

2011 Duke University, North Carolina, Development workshop

2010 Master Classes, Moscow and St. Petersburg

2010 National Theatre of Scotland, Glasgow

2009 National Theatre of Scotland, Edinburgh

2009 Guest Faculty Shanghai University

2006 Guest Lecturer University of Thessaloniki

2004-06 Guest teaching, Yale University School of Drama, Brown University

1986-89 Co-Chair of Directing Department, Yale University School of Drama

1995-99 Professor of Theater, Stanford University 1995-99 Associate Professor

1994 UC Santa Cruz

1992-93 Associate Professor, Arizona State University West

1977-80 Associate Professor, Yale University School of Drama

1981 Harvard University Extension (Writers & Directors Seminar)

1981 Experimental Wing, New York University

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shewey, Don (January 13, 2002). "THEATER; Sacrifice Goes With the Territory at Mabou Mines (Published 2002)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Lee Breuer, Co-founder of Experimental Company Mabou Mines, Dies at 83 | TheaterMania". www.theatermania.com. January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  3. ^ Ryzik, Melena (August 31, 2007). "Portable Theater (Just Go With the Flow) (Published 2007)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Sabatini, A. J. (December 21, 2013). "Lee Breuer's 'La Divina Caricatura'". www.broadstreetreview.com. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  5. ^ "The Red Beads". www.newyorkcritic.org. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  6. ^ Jefferson, Margo (September 22, 2005). "A Girl Caught in an Eternal Family Triangle (Published 2005)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Walker Art Center Presents Legendary Experimental Theater Company Mabou Mines' Obie-Award Winning Mabou Mines DollHouse". walkerart.org. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  8. ^ Chow, Andrew R. (July 24, 2018). "Public Theater Is to Stage 'The Gospel at Colonus' in September (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  9. ^ Gussow, Mel (October 23, 1975). "Mabou Mines Inhabits Beckett Landscapes on Jane St. (Published 1975)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Mabou Mines Theater Company Founder Lee Breuer Passes Away at 83". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  11. ^ Rabkin, Gerald (1984). "Lee Breuer: On "The Gospel of Colonus"". Performing Arts Journal. 8 (1): 48–51. doi:10.2307/3245404. ISSN 0735-8393. JSTOR 3245404. S2CID 194896464.
  12. ^ "Leon Levy BAM Digital Archive: Production: The Gospel at Colonus [1983f.00004]". levyarchive.bam.org. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  13. ^ "Lee Breuer Dies: 'The Gospel at Colonus' Playwright, Leading Force In American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83". www.yahoo.com. January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  14. ^ Soloski, Alexis (September 7, 2018). "Review: Nature and Song Bring Electricity to 'Gospel at Colonus' (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  15. ^ Culwell-Block, Logan (July 24, 2018). "Public Theater Will Revive The Gospel at Colonus in Central Park". Playbill. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  16. ^ The Tempest with Raul Julia: review, nytimes.com, July 10, 1981; accessed April 30, 2016.
  17. ^ "TV REVIEW : 'OFF CENTER' OFFERS THE UNEXPECTED". Los Angeles Times. June 30, 1986. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  18. ^ Seoul Theater Festival 2000 Archived April 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, horsetrade.info; accessed April 30, 2016.
  19. ^ Madness and Martyrdom in La Divina Caricatura Lee Breuer with Kyoung H. Park, brooklynrail.org, December 2012; accessed April 30, 2016.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Collins-Hughes, Laura (January 4, 2021). "Lee Breuer, Adventurous Theater Director, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  21. ^ "Lee Breuer Dies: 'The Gospel at Colonus' Playwright, Leading Force in American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83". January 4, 2021.
  22. ^ a b c "MacArthur Fellows Program – Lee Breuer". MacArthur Foundation. January 1, 2005. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  23. ^ a b Evans, Greg (January 4, 2021). "Lee Breuer Dies: 'The Gospel at Colonus' Playwright, Leading Force In American Avant-Garde Theater Was 83". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  24. ^ "Lee Breuer". www.macfound.org. Retrieved January 4, 2021.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lee Breuer.
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