Westerdale: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 54°26′27″N 0°58′25″W / 54.440857°N 0.973748°W / 54.440857; -0.973748
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{{Short description|Village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England}}
{{for|the Scottish village with the same name|Westerdale, Highland}}
{{for|the Scottish village with the same name|Westerdale, Highland}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{in use}}
{{Refimprove|date=August 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
| country = England
|official_name = Westerdale
| official_name = Westerdale
|coordinates = {{coord|54.440857|-0.973748|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|54.440857|-0.973748|display=inline,title}}
|population = 149
| population = 149
|population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]])<ref name="NOMIS"/>
| population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]])<ref name="NOMIS"/>
|shire_district = [[Scarborough (borough)|Scarborough]]
| region = Yorkshire and the Humber
|region = Yorkshire and the Humber
| civil_parish = Westerdale
| unitary_england = [[North Yorkshire (district)|North Yorkshire]]
|civil_parish = Westerdale
|shire_county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[North Yorkshire]]
|constituency_westminster = [[Scarborough and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency)|Scarborough and Whitby]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Scarborough and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency)|Scarborough and Whitby]]
|post_town = WHITBY
| post_town = WHITBY
|postcode_district = YO21
| postcode_district = YO21
|postcode_area = YO
| postcode_area = YO
|dial_code =
| dial_code =
|os_grid_reference = NZ665055
| os_grid_reference = NZ665055
|london_distance =
| london_distance =
|static_image = Westerdale.jpg
| static_image_name = Westerdale.jpg
|static_image_width = 250px
| static_image_width = 250
|static_image_caption = A view of Westerdale showing the village and part of the Dale
| static_image_caption = A view of Westerdale showing the village and part of the Dale
}}
}}


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===The village===
===The village===
Westerdale village is a single street of around 25 houses, to the north east of a small stream which joins the Esk near Hunters Sty bridge. There is a church – Christ Church,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Benefice of the Moorland Parishes of Castleton, Commondale, Danby, Moorsholm and Westerdale |url=http://www.whitbydeanery.org/moorland_parishes.htm |website=www.whitbydeanery.org |accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref> and a small, disused [[Wesleyan]] chapel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Genuki: The Wesleyan Chapel, Westerdale, Yorkshire (North Riding) |url=https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/NRY/Westerdale/PhotoFrames/WesterdaleWesleyan1849_2 |website=www.genuki.org.uk |accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref> Close to the church can be found the Village Hall (formerly a small schoolhouse), a postbox and a telephone box. Ironstone was formerly mined in the village and the church sits on a plateau where the ironstone is just over {{convert|1|ft|m|1}} thick.<ref>{{Internet Archive|id=cu31924004543249|name=The geology of Eskdale, Rosedale, &c. (Explanation of quarter-sheet 96 N. E.) New series, sheet 43)|page=25}}</ref> The village is {{convert|10|mi}} south of [[Guisborough]], {{convert|10|mi}} south east of [[Stokesley]] and {{convert|20|mi}} west of Whitby.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigland |first1=John |title=The beauties of England and Wales, or delineations, topographical, historical and descriptive of each county. Vol. 16 Yorkshire |date=1812 |publisher=Thomas Maiden |page=104|oclc=650374667}}</ref>
Westerdale village is a single street of around 25 houses, to the north east of a small stream which joins the Esk near Hunters Sty bridge.
There is a church – Christ Church, and a small, disused [[Wesleyan]] chapel.
Close to the church can be found the Village Hall (formerly a small schoolhouse), a postbox and a telephone box.


===Westerdale Side===
===Westerdale Side===
Westerdale Side is part of Westerdale, but is best approached from near the neighbouring village of [[Castleton, North Yorkshire|Castleton]].
Westerdale Side is part of Westerdale, but is best approached from near the neighbouring village of [[Castleton, North Yorkshire|Castleton]]. It is accessed by a narrow road running along the southwest of Castleton Rigg.
It is accessed by a narrow road running along the southwest of Castleton Rig.


===Westerdale Moor===
===Westerdale Moor===
Westerdale Moor is an extensive upland area surrounding the farmland in Westerdale. At its highest, Westerdale Moor rises to 429 metres in the vicinity of Ralphs Cross, and Baysdale Moor to the south-west reaches 433 metres at Stony Ridge – the second highest point of the [[North York Moors]].
Westerdale Moor is an extensive upland area surrounding the farmland in Westerdale.<ref>{{cite web |title=North Yorks Moors National Park Landscape Character Assessment |url=https://www.northyorkmoors.org.uk/planning/framework/evidence-base/NYM-Landscape-Character-Assessment-reduced.pdf |website=northyorkmoors.org.uk |publisher=White Young Green |accessdate=21 January 2019 |page=43 |format=PDF |date=December 2004}}</ref> At its highest, Westerdale Moor rises to 429 metres in the vicinity of Ralphs Cross, and Baysdale Moor to the south-west reaches 433 metres at Stony Ridge<ref>{{cite web |title=North Yorks Moors National Park Landscape Character Assessment |url=https://www.northyorkmoors.org.uk/planning/framework/evidence-base/NYM-Landscape-Character-Assessment-reduced.pdf |website=northyorkmoors.org.uk |publisher=White Young Green |accessdate=21 January 2019 |page=27 |format=PDF |date=December 2004}}</ref> – the second highest point of the [[North York Moors]].


Much of the moor is covered by [[peat]] and [[calluna|heather]] and descending into the dale, [[bilberry]] and some [[bracken]] can be found, with [[Soft rush]] and [[sphagnum]] in boggy areas. Bracken is no longer widespread on Westerdale Moor, since an eradication programme by a previous landowner. There are some trees by the streams which are tributaries of the Esk – mainly Alder, Mountain Ash, Birch, Oak and Holly. Near Stockdale beck are fragments of ancient woodland on steep slopes and, as in nearby Baysdale, a few junipers can be found.
Much of the moor is covered by [[peat]] and [[calluna|heather]] and descending into the dale, [[bilberry]] and some [[bracken]] can be found, with [[Soft rush]] and [[sphagnum]] in boggy areas. Bracken is no longer widespread on Westerdale Moor, since an eradication programme by a previous landowner. There are some trees by the streams which are tributaries of the Esk – mainly Alder, Mountain Ash, Birch, Oak and Holly. Near Stockdale beck are fragments of ancient woodland on steep slopes and, as in nearby Baysdale, a few junipers can be found.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moorland Research Review 2000–2005 |url=https://www.northyorkmoors.org.uk/discover/moorland/reports-and-resources/Moorland-Research-Review-2000-2006.pdf |website=northyorkmoors.org.uk |accessdate=21 January 2019 |page=34 |format=PDF |date=2007}}</ref> During the 19th century, the moor was the site of several collieries.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Moorland Collieries of North Yorkshire |url=http://nymcc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/The-Moorland-Collieries-of-North-Yorkshire.pdf |website=nymcc.org.uk |accessdate=21 January 2019 |page=31 |format=PDF}}</ref>


===The farmed dale===
===The farmed dale===
Despite its rather remote upland location, Westerdale has been farmed for thousands of years. Soil types vary across the dale (and often in the same field), through strong clays to free-draining shale. Historically some of the more fertile lower fields grew a range of arable crops particularly [[barley]], [[oats]], [[turnips]] and potatoes, but more recently most farms concentrate on grass for grazing and the production of hay and [[silage]] as winter feed.
Despite its rather remote upland location, Westerdale has been farmed for thousands of years. Soil types vary across the dale (and often in the same field), through strong clays to free-draining shale. Historically some of the more fertile lower fields grew a range of arable crops particularly [[barley]], [[oats]], [[turnips]] and potatoes, but more recently most farms concentrate on grass for grazing and the production of hay and [[silage]] as winter feed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Genuki: WESTERDALE: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890., Yorkshire (North Riding) |url=https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/NRY/Westerdale/Westerdale90 |website=www.genuki.org.uk |accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref>


Dividing and stock-proofing the fields, there are many miles of dry stone walls in several styles – and built over a very long timespan. There are also some good hedges and in recent years much work has been done to safeguard and improve both walls and hedges through a National Park sponsored programme.
Dividing and stock-proofing the fields, there are many miles of dry stone walls in several styles – and built over a very long timespan. There are also some good hedges and in recent years much work has been done to safeguard and improve both walls and hedges through a National Park sponsored programme.
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===Westerdale Hall===
===Westerdale Hall===
[[File:Westerdale hall.jpg|thumb|Westerdale Hall]]
[[File:Westerdale hall.jpg|thumb|Westerdale Hall]]
Westerdale Hall is a substantial stone and slate-roofed building, located close to the west side of the village. It was designed by [[Thomas Henry Wyatt]] and originally built as a shooting lodge, mainly for [[grouse]] shooting in the late summer and autumn. After [[World War II]] it became a popular [[hostel|youth hostel]], but is now a private residence with many of its original external features remaining intact.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Westerdale Hall|num=1179138|grade=II|accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref>
Westerdale Hall is a substantial stone and slate-roofed building, located close to the west side of the village. It was designed by [[Thomas Henry Wyatt]] and originally built as a shooting lodge, mainly for [[grouse]] shooting in the late summer and autumn. After the [[Second World War]] it became a popular [[hostel|youth hostel]], but is now a private residence with many of its original external features remaining intact.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Westerdale Hall|num=1179138|grade=II|accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref>


===Hunters Sty Bridge===
===Hunters Sty Bridge===
An ancient stone arch over the [[River Esk, North Yorkshire|River Esk]] near the village.
An ancient stone arch over the [[River Esk, North Yorkshire|River Esk]] near the village.
By the road towards [[Kildale]], but the modern road crosses the Esk by a ford nearby. This route would have been well travelled in the past, as the way to Baysdale Abbey and [[Gisborough Priory]].
By the road towards [[Kildale]], but the modern road crosses the Esk by a ford nearby. This route would have been well travelled in the past, as the way to Baysdale Abbey and [[Gisborough Priory]].
The bridge was restored by the Duncombe family in the late 19th&nbsp;century (A date stone on the downstream side states 1874), but the underside of the arch retains interesting Medieval ribbed stonework.
The bridge was restored by the Duncombe family in the late 19th&nbsp;century (a date stone on the downstream side states 1874), but the underside of the arch retains interesting Medieval ribbed stonework.
It is thought the [[Knights Templar]] may have been involved in the construction; it is of that period.<ref>{{cite news |title=Country walk from Castleton to Westerdale |url=https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/lifestyle/countrywalks/10392781.Country_walk_from_Castleton_to_Westerdale/ |accessdate=21 January 2019 |work=York Press |date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|desc=Hunter's Sty Bridge|num=1021021|grade=<!--Not applicable to this entry-->|accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref>
It is thought the [[Knights Templar]] may have been involved in the construction; it is of that period.<ref>{{cite news |title=Country walk from Castleton to Westerdale |url=https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/lifestyle/countrywalks/10392781.Country_walk_from_Castleton_to_Westerdale/ |accessdate=21 January 2019 |work=York Press |date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|desc=Hunter's Sty Bridge|num=1021021|grade=<!--Not applicable to this entry-->|accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref>


===The Esklets===
===The Esklets===
The [[River Esk, North Yorkshire|River Esk]] rises as numerous small streams in the upper part of Westerdale, known as "The Esklets" – which is close to neighbouring [[Farndale]]. Until recently, water was extracted from these streams for public supply but this is no longer the case and the old pumping station stands empty.
The [[River Esk, North Yorkshire|River Esk]] rises as numerous small streams in the upper part of Westerdale, known as "The Esklets" – which is close to neighbouring [[Farndale]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the River - Yorkshire Esk Rivers Trust |url=https://www.yorkshireeskriverstrust.org/abouttheriver.php |website=www.yorkshireeskriverstrust.org |accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref> Until recently, water was extracted from these streams for public supply but this is no longer the case and the old pumping station stands empty.


==Links with the Knights Templar==
==Links with the Knights Templar==
Agricultural land and a hall, situated in the Westerdale area, were given to the Order of [[Knights Templar]] at an early period in the 12th&nbsp;century. The property was donated by Guido de Bovingcourt who owned the land, together with other holdings in nearby Baysdale (a.k.a. Basedale/Handale/ Grendale). Bovincourt was a supporter of the [[Cistercians]] and donated a number of other lands in the area to them including Battersby, Stokesley, Newby, and Baysdale itself. At Baysdale, he provided a home for a small congregation of [[Cistercian nuns]] who lived in a small abbey there, supported by mining and smelting rights near Westerdale village.
Agricultural land and a hall, situated in the Westerdale area, were given to the Order of [[Knights Templar]] at an early period in the 12th&nbsp;century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parishes: Westerdale {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/north/vol2/pp413-417 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk |accessdate=21 January 2019}}</ref> The property was donated by Guido de Bovingcourt who owned the land, together with other holdings in nearby Baysdale (a.k.a. Basedale/Handale/ Grendale). Bovingcourt was a supporter of the [[Cistercians]] and donated a number of other lands in the area to them including Battersby, Stokesley, Newby, and Baysdale itself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walker Ord |first1=John |title=The history and antiquities of Cleveland : comprising the wapentake of East and West Langbargh, North Riding, County York |date=1846 |publisher=Simpkin & Marshall |location=London |page=237|oclc=1048899800}}</ref> At Baysdale, he provided a home for a small congregation of [[Cistercian nuns]] who lived in a small abbey there, supported by mining and smelting rights near Westerdale village.


The remains of the fortifications of the hall given to the Templars by Bovincourt was situated to the north of the present day Westerdale Hall (formerly a [[Youth Hostel]]) and was excavated by the warden's son, Paul Wheater, in 1960. He found evidence of a main chamber together with a kitchen, a brewery, animal quarters and a chapel.
The remains of the fortifications of the hall given to the Templars by Bovincourt was situated to the north of the present day Westerdale Hall (formerly a [[Youth Hostel]]) and was excavated by the warden's son, Paul Wheater, in 1960. He found evidence of a main chamber together with a kitchen, a brewery, animal quarters and a chapel.


In the book ''The Story of Danby'' by the late Dr Bob Robinson (1991), we are told that the Templars of [[Temple Newsam]], Leeds, appointed the then prominent Westerdale [[Preceptory]] in 1119 to be the head of the North Yorkshire Templars.
In the book ''The Story of Danby'' by the late Dr Bob Robinson (1991), we are told that the Templars of [[Temple Newsam]], Leeds, appointed the then prominent [[Westerdale Preceptory]] in 1119 to be the head of the North Yorkshire Templars.


The Preceptory prospered for around two hundred years until 1309 when the Templars were suppressed. William de la Fenne was Westerdale's last [[preceptor]] and it is likely that with their impending suppression, he encouraged his Templars to turn much of their valuable goods into cash. A listing of their removable possessions is surprisingly small, particularly in the light of us being told that Westerdale had been declared the 'head Preceptory of [[North Yorkshire]]'. The granary contained only 4 [[bushel]]s (100&nbsp;kg) of rye.
The Preceptory prospered for around two hundred years until 1309 when the Templars were suppressed. William de la Fenne was Westerdale's last [[preceptor]] and it is likely that with their impending suppression, he encouraged his Templars to turn much of their valuable goods into cash. A listing of their removable possessions is surprisingly small, particularly in the light of us being told that Westerdale had been declared the 'head Preceptory of [[North Yorkshire]]'. The granary contained only 4 [[bushel]]s (100&nbsp;kg) of rye.
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*[http://westerdale.info/ Westerdale News]
*[http://westerdale.info/ Westerdale News]
*[http://eskvalley.com/westerdale/ A page on EskValley.com]
*[http://eskvalley.com/westerdale/ A page on EskValley.com]

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Villages in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Villages in North Yorkshire]]

Latest revision as of 18:39, 30 October 2023

For the Scottish village with the same name, see Westerdale, Highland.

Westerdale
A view of Westerdale showing the village and part of the Dale
Westerdale is located in North Yorkshire
Westerdale
Westerdale
Location within North Yorkshire
Population149 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid referenceNZ665055
Civil parish
  • Westerdale
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWHITBY
Postcode districtYO21
PoliceNorth Yorkshire
FireNorth Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
54°26′27″N 0°58′25″W / 54.440857°N 0.973748°W / 54.440857; -0.973748

Westerdale is a village, civil parish and dale within the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. The Esk Valley Walk runs through part of the village. The village is at the confluence of three streams (Esklets) which combine as the head of the River Esk.[2]

According to the 2011 UK census, Westerdale parish had a population of 149,[1] a decrease on the 2001 UK census figure of 175.[3]

Geography[edit]

The village[edit]

Westerdale village is a single street of around 25 houses, to the north east of a small stream which joins the Esk near Hunters Sty bridge. There is a church – Christ Church,[4] and a small, disused Wesleyan chapel.[5] Close to the church can be found the Village Hall (formerly a small schoolhouse), a postbox and a telephone box. Ironstone was formerly mined in the village and the church sits on a plateau where the ironstone is just over 1 foot (0.3 m) thick.[6] The village is 10 miles (16 km) south of Guisborough, 10 miles (16 km) south east of Stokesley and 20 miles (32 km) west of Whitby.[7]

Westerdale Side[edit]

Westerdale Side is part of Westerdale, but is best approached from near the neighbouring village of Castleton. It is accessed by a narrow road running along the southwest of Castleton Rigg.

Westerdale Moor[edit]

Westerdale Moor is an extensive upland area surrounding the farmland in Westerdale.[8] At its highest, Westerdale Moor rises to 429 metres in the vicinity of Ralphs Cross, and Baysdale Moor to the south-west reaches 433 metres at Stony Ridge[9] – the second highest point of the North York Moors.

Much of the moor is covered by peat and heather and descending into the dale, bilberry and some bracken can be found, with Soft rush and sphagnum in boggy areas. Bracken is no longer widespread on Westerdale Moor, since an eradication programme by a previous landowner. There are some trees by the streams which are tributaries of the Esk – mainly Alder, Mountain Ash, Birch, Oak and Holly. Near Stockdale beck are fragments of ancient woodland on steep slopes and, as in nearby Baysdale, a few junipers can be found.[10] During the 19th century, the moor was the site of several collieries.[11]

The farmed dale[edit]

Despite its rather remote upland location, Westerdale has been farmed for thousands of years. Soil types vary across the dale (and often in the same field), through strong clays to free-draining shale. Historically some of the more fertile lower fields grew a range of arable crops particularly barley, oats, turnips and potatoes, but more recently most farms concentrate on grass for grazing and the production of hay and silage as winter feed.[12]

Dividing and stock-proofing the fields, there are many miles of dry stone walls in several styles – and built over a very long timespan. There are also some good hedges and in recent years much work has been done to safeguard and improve both walls and hedges through a National Park sponsored programme.

Westerdale Hall[edit]

Westerdale Hall

Westerdale Hall is a substantial stone and slate-roofed building, located close to the west side of the village. It was designed by Thomas Henry Wyatt and originally built as a shooting lodge, mainly for grouse shooting in the late summer and autumn. After the Second World War it became a popular youth hostel, but is now a private residence with many of its original external features remaining intact.[13]

Hunters Sty Bridge[edit]

An ancient stone arch over the River Esk near the village. By the road towards Kildale, but the modern road crosses the Esk by a ford nearby. This route would have been well travelled in the past, as the way to Baysdale Abbey and Gisborough Priory. The bridge was restored by the Duncombe family in the late 19th century (a date stone on the downstream side states 1874), but the underside of the arch retains interesting Medieval ribbed stonework. It is thought the Knights Templar may have been involved in the construction; it is of that period.[14][15]

The Esklets[edit]

The River Esk rises as numerous small streams in the upper part of Westerdale, known as "The Esklets" – which is close to neighbouring Farndale.[16] Until recently, water was extracted from these streams for public supply but this is no longer the case and the old pumping station stands empty.

Links with the Knights Templar[edit]

Agricultural land and a hall, situated in the Westerdale area, were given to the Order of Knights Templar at an early period in the 12th century.[17] The property was donated by Guido de Bovingcourt who owned the land, together with other holdings in nearby Baysdale (a.k.a. Basedale/Handale/ Grendale). Bovingcourt was a supporter of the Cistercians and donated a number of other lands in the area to them including Battersby, Stokesley, Newby, and Baysdale itself.[18] At Baysdale, he provided a home for a small congregation of Cistercian nuns who lived in a small abbey there, supported by mining and smelting rights near Westerdale village.

The remains of the fortifications of the hall given to the Templars by Bovincourt was situated to the north of the present day Westerdale Hall (formerly a Youth Hostel) and was excavated by the warden's son, Paul Wheater, in 1960. He found evidence of a main chamber together with a kitchen, a brewery, animal quarters and a chapel.

In the book The Story of Danby by the late Dr Bob Robinson (1991), we are told that the Templars of Temple Newsam, Leeds, appointed the then prominent Westerdale Preceptory in 1119 to be the head of the North Yorkshire Templars.

The Preceptory prospered for around two hundred years until 1309 when the Templars were suppressed. William de la Fenne was Westerdale's last preceptor and it is likely that with their impending suppression, he encouraged his Templars to turn much of their valuable goods into cash. A listing of their removable possessions is surprisingly small, particularly in the light of us being told that Westerdale had been declared the 'head Preceptory of North Yorkshire'. The granary contained only 4 bushels (100 kg) of rye.

As to the boundaries of the Templar lands at Westerdale, there is little evidence of their limits. A number of mediaeval crosses and stones stand on the moorland around this area and no doubt some of them could easily be markers for Templar boundaries. The Reverend George Young in his History of Whitby and Streoneshalh Abbey (1817) says:

many [stone crosses and markers] were set up to prevent disputes over territory and serve as landmarks......this plan was especially adopted by the Knights Templars and Hospitallers......

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Westerdale Parish (1170217369)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  2. ^ Bagshaw, Mike (2010). Go slow Yorkshire dales & moors : local, characterful guides to Britain's special places. Chalfont St Peter: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-84162-323-8.
  3. ^ UK Census (2001). "Local Area Report – Westerdale Parish (1543510643)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  4. ^ "The Benefice of the Moorland Parishes of Castleton, Commondale, Danby, Moorsholm and Westerdale". www.whitbydeanery.org. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  5. ^ "Genuki: The Wesleyan Chapel, Westerdale, Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  6. ^ The geology of Eskdale, Rosedale, &c. (Explanation of quarter-sheet 96 N. E.) New series, sheet 43) at the Internet Archive
  7. ^ Bigland, John (1812). The beauties of England and Wales, or delineations, topographical, historical and descriptive of each county. Vol. 16 Yorkshire. Thomas Maiden. p. 104. OCLC 650374667.
  8. ^ "North Yorks Moors National Park Landscape Character Assessment" (PDF). northyorkmoors.org.uk. White Young Green. December 2004. p. 43. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  9. ^ "North Yorks Moors National Park Landscape Character Assessment" (PDF). northyorkmoors.org.uk. White Young Green. December 2004. p. 27. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  10. ^ "Moorland Research Review 2000–2005" (PDF). northyorkmoors.org.uk. 2007. p. 34. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  11. ^ "The Moorland Collieries of North Yorkshire" (PDF). nymcc.org.uk. p. 31. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  12. ^ "Genuki: WESTERDALE: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890., Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  13. ^ Historic England. "Westerdale Hall (Grade II) (1179138)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  14. ^ "Country walk from Castleton to Westerdale". York Press. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  15. ^ Historic England. "Hunter's Sty Bridge (1021021)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  16. ^ "About the River - Yorkshire Esk Rivers Trust". www.yorkshireeskriverstrust.org. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  17. ^ "Parishes: Westerdale | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  18. ^ Walker Ord, John (1846). The history and antiquities of Cleveland : comprising the wapentake of East and West Langbargh, North Riding, County York. London: Simpkin & Marshall. p. 237. OCLC 1048899800.

External links[edit]

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