Fort Churchill State Historic Park: Difference between revisions
add visitation info |
|||
(12 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox protected area |
{{Short description|Park in Nevada}}{{Infobox protected area |
||
| name = Fort Churchill State Historic Park |
| name = Fort Churchill State Historic Park |
||
| iucn_category = |
| iucn_category = |
||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| relief = 1 |
| relief = 1 |
||
<!-- location --> |
<!-- location --> |
||
| location = |
| location = [[Lyon County, Nevada]], [[United States]] |
||
| nearest_city = |
| nearest_city = [[Silver Springs, Nevada]] |
||
| nearest_town = |
| nearest_town = |
||
| coordinates = {{coord|39|17|33|N|119|16|18|W|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|39|17|33|N|119|16|18|W|display=inline,title}} |
||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| elevation_max = |
| elevation_max = |
||
| dimensions = |
| dimensions = |
||
| designation = |
| designation = [[List of Nevada state parks|Nevada state park]] |
||
<!-- dates & info --> |
<!-- dates & info --> |
||
| authorized = |
|||
⚫ | |||
| designated = |
|||
| established = 1957 |
| established = 1957 |
||
| named_for = |
| named_for = |
||
| visitation_num = |
| visitation_num = 16,886 |
||
| visitation_year = |
| visitation_year = 2017 |
||
| visitation_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Division of State Parks Performance Audit |url=https://www.leg.state.nv.us/division/audit/Full/BE2018/LA18-22%20Division%20of%20State%20Parks.pdf |website=Nevada Legislature}}</ref> |
|||
| visitation_ref = |
|||
| |
| administrator = Nevada Division of State Parks |
||
| administrator = |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
<!-- website, embedded --> |
<!-- website, embedded --> |
||
| website = [http://parks.nv.gov/parks/fort-churchill Fort Churchill State Historic Park] |
| website = [http://parks.nv.gov/parks/fort-churchill Fort Churchill State Historic Park] |
||
{{Infobox NRHP |
{{Infobox NRHP |
||
⚫ | |||
| name = Fort Churchill |
|||
| nrhp_type = nhl |
|||
| image = Fort Churchill Gelatin.jpg |
|||
| image_size = 280 |
|||
| caption = Ruins at Fort Churchill State Historic Park |
|||
| location = [[Lyon County, Nevada|Lyon County]], [[Nevada|Nevada, USA]] |
|||
| nearest_city = [[Silver Springs, Nevada]] |
|||
| coordinates = |
|||
⚫ | |||
| locmapin= |
|||
⚫ | |||
| area = {{convert|20|acre|ha}} |
|||
| built = 1860 |
|||
| architect= Captain [[Joseph Stewart (Alaska)|Joseph Stewart]], Captain [[F.F. Flint]] |
| built = 1860 |
||
| architect = Captain [[Joseph Stewart (Alaska)|Joseph Stewart]], Captain [[F.F. Flint]] |
|||
| architecture = |
|||
| designated_nrhp_type = November 5, 1961<ref name=listing/> |
|||
| added = October 15, 1966<ref name="nrhpinv2"/> |
|||
⚫ | |||
| governing_body = State |
|||
⚫ | |||
}} |
}} |
||
| embedded = |
| embedded = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Fort Churchill State Historic Park''' is a [[state park]] of [[Nevada]], |
'''Fort Churchill State Historic Park''' is a [[state park]] of [[Nevada]], [[United States]], preserving the remains of a [[United States Army]] fort and a waystation on the [[Pony Express]] and [[Central Overland Route]]s dating back to the 1860s. The site is one end of the historic [[Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road]]. The park is in [[Lyon County, Nevada|Lyon County]] south of the town of [[Silver Springs, Nevada|Silver Springs]], on [[U.S. Route 95 Alternate (Nevada)|U.S. Route 95 Alternate]], {{convert|8|mi|spell=in}} south of [[U.S. Route 50 in Nevada|U.S. Route 50]].<ref name=nsp/> Fort Churchill was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1961.<ref name=listing/> A 1994 park addition forms a corridor along the [[Carson River]].<ref name=hunting/> |
||
== Fort Churchill == |
== Fort Churchill == |
||
=== Fort history === |
=== Fort history === |
||
In 1860 a band of [[Northern Paiute|Paiute]]s and [[Bannock people|Bannock]]s attacked Williams Station along the Carson River in retaliation for the kidnap and |
In 1860 a band of [[Northern Paiute|Paiute]]s and [[Bannock people|Bannock]]s attacked Williams Station along the Carson River in retaliation for the kidnap and rape of two young Paiute girls by the proprietors of the station.<ref name=hopkins/> In retaliation a small group of volunteer soldiers and vigilantes led by Maj. [[William Ormsby]] attacked the Native Americans, starting the so-called [[Pyramid Lake War]]. Ormsby's force was defeated and in response Colonel [[John C. Hays]] and Captain [[Joseph Stewart (Alaska)|Joseph Stewart]] led a larger force of volunteers and U.S. Regulars to defeat the Natives at the [[Second Battle of Pyramid Lake]].<ref name=noe/> |
||
Captain Stewart, leading the Regular contingent, afterward established a permanent U.S. Army [[fort]] along the Carson River near the location of where the hostilities began at Williams Station. The post was named Fort Churchill for [[Sylvester Churchill]], Inspector General of the U.S. Army. Construction on the fort began on July 20, 1860 and was completed in 1861. Built to provide protection for early settlers and the mail route along the Pony Express, the fort became an important supply depot for the Union Army during the American Civil War. Average strength during this time was 200 soldiers, but the post was abandoned in 1869 |
Captain Stewart, leading the Regular contingent, afterward established a permanent U.S. Army [[fort]] along the Carson River near the location of where the hostilities began at Williams Station. The post was named Fort Churchill for [[Sylvester Churchill]], Inspector General of the U.S. Army. Construction on the fort began on July 20, 1860 and was completed in 1861. Built to provide protection for early settlers and the mail route along the Pony Express, the fort became an important supply depot for the Union Army during the American Civil War. Average strength during this time was 200 soldiers, but the post was abandoned in 1869, four years after the conclusion of the Civil War. The abandoned buildings were sold at an auction for $750 after the state of Nevada declined to take possession of the property.<ref name=parkhistory/> |
||
=== State park === |
=== State park === |
||
On October 6, 1932, the state took control of the {{convert|200|acre|ha}} but two years later deeded the property to a local chapter of the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]]. With aid from the [[National Park Service]], the fort ruins were partially restored to a state of arrested decay, and the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] built the current visitor center.<ref name=kolvetford/> |
On October 6, 1932, the state took control of the {{convert|200|acre|ha}} but two years later deeded the property to a local chapter of the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]]. With aid from the [[National Park Service]], the fort ruins were partially restored to a state of arrested decay, and the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] built the current visitor center.<ref name=kolvetford/> |
||
In 1957, the fort became a part of Nevada's state park system.<ref name=parkhistory/> |
In 1957, the fort became a part of Nevada's state park system.<ref name=parkhistory/> It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961<ref name=listing/> and added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1966.<ref name="nrhpinv2"/> |
||
== Carson River Ranches == |
== Carson River Ranches == |
||
In 1994, the state park service acquired {{convert|3200|acre|ha}} along the Carson River, east of the fort and Buckland Station. |
In 1994, the state park service acquired {{convert|3200|acre|ha}} along the Carson River, east of the fort and Buckland Station. This corridor connects Fort Churchill with [[Lahontan State Recreation Area]] and provides habitat for diverse plants and wildlife. It is popular with campers, hikers, birdwatchers, canoeists, hunters and equestrians.<ref name="Website" /> |
||
== Buckland Station == |
== Buckland Station == |
||
Line 97: | Line 91: | ||
Hiking trails include a self-guided trail around the fort ruins with interpretative signs explaining each of the buildings. The Orchard Trail runs along the Carson River from the campground to Buckland Station. A continuation of this trail runs the length of the Carson River in the Carson River Ranches unit. |
Hiking trails include a self-guided trail around the fort ruins with interpretative signs explaining each of the buildings. The Orchard Trail runs along the Carson River from the campground to Buckland Station. A continuation of this trail runs the length of the Carson River in the Carson River Ranches unit. |
||
The [[Nevada Civil War Volunteers]] have put on a civil war encampment at Fort Churchill.<ref name=ncwvols/> |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada]] |
*[[List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada]] |
||
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Lyon County, Nevada]] |
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Lyon County, Nevada]] |
||
*[[List of the oldest buildings in Nevada]] |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist|refs= |
{{reflist|refs= |
||
<ref name=nsp>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/parks/fort-churchill |title=Fort Churchill State Historic Site |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources | |
<ref name=nsp>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/parks/fort-churchill |title=Fort Churchill State Historic Site |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |access-date=February 11, 2017}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=parkhistory>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/learn/park-histories/fort-churchill-history |title=History of Fort Churchill State Historic Site |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources | |
<ref name=parkhistory>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/learn/park-histories/fort-churchill-history |title=History of Fort Churchill State Historic Site |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |access-date=February 11, 2017}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=statelands>{{cite web |url=http://lands.nv.gov/ |
<ref name=statelands>{{cite web |url=http://lands.nv.gov/uploads/documents/PORTFOLIO_Master_List_LATEST_ONE_-_PUBLIC_POSTING_NRS_331.110A.pdf |title=Inventory of State Lands |publisher=Nevada Division of State Lands |date= April 27, 2018 |access-date=November 30, 2019}}</ref> |
||
<ref name= |
<ref name=hunting>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/forms/HUNTING-BOUNDARIES_lahontan.pdf |title=Hunting Information for Lahontan State Recreation Area |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |access-date=November 30, 2019}} See map.</ref> |
||
<ref name="Website">{{cite web |title=Fort Churchill State Historic Site |url=http://parks.nv.gov/parks/fort-churchill-state-historic-park/ |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313143439/http://parks.nv.gov/parks/fort-churchill-state-historic-park |archive-date=March 13, 2012 |access-date=February 7, 2012}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=hopkins>{{cite book |last=Hopkins |first=Sarah Winnemucca |title=Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims |publisher=University of Nevada Press |location=Reno, Nev. |year=1994 |isbn=0874172527}} Originally published by G.P.Putnam's Sons of New York, 1883.</ref> |
<ref name=hopkins>{{cite book |last=Hopkins |first=Sarah Winnemucca |title=Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims |publisher=University of Nevada Press |location=Reno, Nev. |year=1994 |isbn=0874172527}} Originally published by G.P.Putnam's Sons of New York, 1883.</ref> |
||
<ref name=noe>{{cite |
<ref name=noe>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.onlinenevada.org/pyramid_lake_war |encyclopedia=Online Nevada Encyclopedia |title=Pyramid Lake War |last=Edwards |first=Jerome |publisher=Nevada Humanities |date=January 18, 2011 |access-date=February 7, 2012 |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727144457/http://www.onlinenevada.org/pyramid_lake_war |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
<ref name=listing>{{cite web|url= |
<ref name=listing>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/list-of-nhls-by-state.htm |title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=November 29, 2019}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{cite web |url={{NHLS url|id=66000456}} |title=Fort Churchill |work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form |date=January 1978 |author=Marilynn Larew |publisher=National Park Service | |
<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{cite web |url={{NHLS url|id=66000456}} |title=Fort Churchill |work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form |date=January 1978 |author=Marilynn Larew |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=October 9, 2007}} {{NHLS url|id=66000456|title=Accompanying 2 photos, exterior, from 1966.|photos=y}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=kolvetford>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jb7TpOojyRMC |title=The Civilian Conservation Corps in Nevada: From Boys to Men |author1=Renee Corona Kolvet |author2=Victoria Ford |publisher=University of Nevada Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-87417-676-6 | |
<ref name=kolvetford>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jb7TpOojyRMC |title=The Civilian Conservation Corps in Nevada: From Boys to Men |author1=Renee Corona Kolvet |author2=Victoria Ford |publisher=University of Nevada Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-87417-676-6 |access-date=May 2, 2017}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=ncwvols>{{cite web |url=http://www.nevadacivilwar.org |
<ref name=ncwvols>{{cite web |url=http://www.nevadacivilwar.org |title=Nevada Civil War Volunteers|publisher=Nevada Civil War Volunteers |access-date=November 30, 2019}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 133: | Line 130: | ||
{{Nevada state parks}} |
{{Nevada state parks}} |
||
{{Nevada State Historic Places}} |
{{Nevada State Historic Places}} |
||
{{authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:State parks of Nevada]] |
[[Category:State parks of Nevada]] |
||
Line 142: | Line 141: | ||
[[Category:Nevada in the American Civil War]] |
[[Category:Nevada in the American Civil War]] |
||
[[Category:Formerly Used Defense Sites in Nevada]] |
[[Category:Formerly Used Defense Sites in Nevada]] |
||
[[Category:Ruins |
[[Category:Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places]] |
||
[[Category:Pony Express stations]] |
[[Category:Pony Express stations]] |
||
[[Category:Snake War]] |
[[Category:Snake War]] |
Latest revision as of 05:51, 7 December 2023
Fort Churchill State Historic Park | |
---|---|
Location | Lyon County, Nevada, United States |
Nearest city | Silver Springs, Nevada |
Coordinates | 39°17′33″N 119°16′18″W / 39.29250°N 119.27167°W[1] |
Area | 3,943.99 acres (15.9608 km2)[2] |
Elevation | 4,255 ft (1,297 m)[1] |
Designation | Nevada state park |
Established | 1957 |
Visitors | 16,886 (in 2017)[3] |
Administrator | Nevada Division of State Parks |
Website | Fort Churchill State Historic Park |
Fort Churchill | |
Location | Lyon County, Nevada, USA |
Nearest city | Silver Springs, Nevada |
Area | 20 acres (8.1 ha) |
Built | 1860 |
Architect | Captain Joseph Stewart, Captain F.F. Flint |
NRHP reference No. | 66000456 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966[4] |
Designated NHL | November 5, 1961[5] |
Fort Churchill State Historic Park is a state park of Nevada, United States, preserving the remains of a United States Army fort and a waystation on the Pony Express and Central Overland Routes dating back to the 1860s. The site is one end of the historic Fort Churchill and Sand Springs Toll Road. The park is in Lyon County south of the town of Silver Springs, on U.S. Route 95 Alternate, eight miles (13 km) south of U.S. Route 50.[6] Fort Churchill was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961.[5] A 1994 park addition forms a corridor along the Carson River.[7]
Fort Churchill[edit]
Fort history[edit]
In 1860 a band of Paiutes and Bannocks attacked Williams Station along the Carson River in retaliation for the kidnap and rape of two young Paiute girls by the proprietors of the station.[8] In retaliation a small group of volunteer soldiers and vigilantes led by Maj. William Ormsby attacked the Native Americans, starting the so-called Pyramid Lake War. Ormsby's force was defeated and in response Colonel John C. Hays and Captain Joseph Stewart led a larger force of volunteers and U.S. Regulars to defeat the Natives at the Second Battle of Pyramid Lake.[9]
Captain Stewart, leading the Regular contingent, afterward established a permanent U.S. Army fort along the Carson River near the location of where the hostilities began at Williams Station. The post was named Fort Churchill for Sylvester Churchill, Inspector General of the U.S. Army. Construction on the fort began on July 20, 1860 and was completed in 1861. Built to provide protection for early settlers and the mail route along the Pony Express, the fort became an important supply depot for the Union Army during the American Civil War. Average strength during this time was 200 soldiers, but the post was abandoned in 1869, four years after the conclusion of the Civil War. The abandoned buildings were sold at an auction for $750 after the state of Nevada declined to take possession of the property.[10]
State park[edit]
On October 6, 1932, the state took control of the 200 acres (81 ha) but two years later deeded the property to a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. With aid from the National Park Service, the fort ruins were partially restored to a state of arrested decay, and the Civilian Conservation Corps built the current visitor center.[11]
In 1957, the fort became a part of Nevada's state park system.[10] It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961[5] and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.[4]
Carson River Ranches[edit]
In 1994, the state park service acquired 3,200 acres (1,300 ha) along the Carson River, east of the fort and Buckland Station. This corridor connects Fort Churchill with Lahontan State Recreation Area and provides habitat for diverse plants and wildlife. It is popular with campers, hikers, birdwatchers, canoeists, hunters and equestrians.[12]
Buckland Station[edit]
Samuel S. Buckland came to the area in 1859 to begin ranching. His ranch served as an important way station along the Central Overland Route. The Pony Express also had a change of mounts at the ranch. When Fort Churchill was abandoned and being dismantled, Buckland salvaged materials to build the current two-story building seen today. The state park added this building to the Fort Churchill State Historic Site in 1997.[12]
Park facilities[edit]
The visitor center has exhibits on the history of Fort Churchill, Native Americans that inhabited the area, and natural features of the surrounding countryside.[6]
A 20-site campground is situated along the Carson River within a grove of cottonwood trees with an adjacent group-camp and day-use picnic areas. A primitive camp lies further along the Carson River in the Carson River Ranches unit.
Hiking trails include a self-guided trail around the fort ruins with interpretative signs explaining each of the buildings. The Orchard Trail runs along the Carson River from the campground to Buckland Station. A continuation of this trail runs the length of the Carson River in the Carson River Ranches unit.
The Nevada Civil War Volunteers have put on a civil war encampment at Fort Churchill.[13]
See also[edit]
- List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Lyon County, Nevada
- List of the oldest buildings in Nevada
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Fort Churchill Historic State Monument". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ "Inventory of State Lands" (PDF). Nevada Division of State Lands. April 27, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
- ^ "Division of State Parks Performance Audit" (PDF). Nevada Legislature. 2018.
- ^ a b Marilynn Larew (January 1978). "Fort Churchill". National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form. National Park Service. Retrieved October 9, 2007. Accompanying 2 photos, exterior, from 1966.
- ^ a b c "Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State". National Park Service. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
- ^ a b "Fort Churchill State Historic Site". Nevada State Parks. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
- ^ "Hunting Information for Lahontan State Recreation Area" (PDF). Nevada State Parks. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved November 30, 2019. See map.
- ^ Hopkins, Sarah Winnemucca (1994). Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims. Reno, Nev.: University of Nevada Press. ISBN 0874172527. Originally published by G.P.Putnam's Sons of New York, 1883.
- ^ Edwards, Jerome (January 18, 2011). "Pyramid Lake War". Online Nevada Encyclopedia. Nevada Humanities. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
- ^ a b "History of Fort Churchill State Historic Site". Nevada State Parks. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
- ^ Renee Corona Kolvet; Victoria Ford (2006). The Civilian Conservation Corps in Nevada: From Boys to Men. University of Nevada Press. ISBN 978-0-87417-676-6. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
- ^ a b "Fort Churchill State Historic Site". Nevada State Parks. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
- ^ "Nevada Civil War Volunteers". Nevada Civil War Volunteers. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
External links[edit]
- Fort Churchill State Historic Park Nevada State Parks
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NV-10-17, "Fort Churchill (Ruins), U.S. 95-A, Old Buckland Ranch, Churchill vicinity, Lyon County, NV", 6 photos
- State parks of Nevada
- Protected areas of Lyon County, Nevada
- Forts in Nevada
- American Civil War forts
- Military and war museums in Nevada
- Museums in Lyon County, Nevada
- Nevada in the American Civil War
- Formerly Used Defense Sites in Nevada
- Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
- Pony Express stations
- Snake War
- Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
- National Historic Landmarks in Nevada
- National Register of Historic Places in Lyon County, Nevada
- Civilian Conservation Corps in Nevada
- Protected areas established in 1957
- 1860 establishments in Utah Territory
- 1957 establishments in Nevada
- Historic American Buildings Survey in Nevada