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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Oxyrhopus''
| name = ''Oxyrhopus''
| image = Oxyrhopus melanogenys.jpg
| image = Oxyrhopus melanogenys.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Oxyrhopus melanogenys]]'' in Ecuador.
| image_caption = ''[[Oxyrhopus melanogenys]]'' in Ecuador.
| taxon = Oxyrhopus
| taxon = Oxyrhopus
| authority = [[Wagler]], 1830<ref name ="ITIS"/>
| authority = [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830<ref name ="ITIS"/>
| synonyms = ''Brachyruton, Clelia, Coluber, Duberria, Erythrolamprus, Lycodon, Olisthenes, Phimophis, Pseudoboa, Rhinosimus, Scytale, Siphlophis, Sphenocephalus''<ref name="Blgr1896">[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G.A.]] 1896. ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ),...'' Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Genus ''Oxyrhopus'', p. 99.)</ref>
| synonyms = ''Brachyruton, Clelia, [[Coluber]], Duberria, [[Erythrolamprus]], [[Lycodon]], Olisthenes, Phimophis, Pseudoboa, Rhinosimus, Scytale, Siphlophis, Sphenocephalus''<ref name="Blgr1896">[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ...'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus ''Oxyrhopus'', p. 99).</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Oxyrhopus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[colubrid]] [[snake]]s that belong to the subfamily [[Xenodontinae]]. The genus is found in [[Central America]] and the northern part of [[South America]],<ref name="ROSS">{{cite journal |last=MacCulloch |first=Ross D. |author2=Amy Lathrop |author3=Philippe J. R. Kok |author4=Raffael Ernst |author5= Michelle Kalamandeen |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0031-10492009003600001&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en |title = The genus ''Oxyrhopus'' (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in Guyana: morphology, distributions and comments on taxonomy |journal=Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia |volume='''49''' |issue=36 |pages= 487–495|publisher= |year=2009 |doi=10.1590/S0031-10492009003600001 |id= |accessdate=2011-02-26}}</ref>
'''''Oxyrhopus''''', the '''false coral snakes''', is a [[genus]] of [[colubrid]] [[snake]]s that belong to the subfamily [[Dipsadinae]]. All 15 members of the genus are found in the northern part of [[South America]], with the native range of the most widespread member, ''[[Oxyrhopus petolarius]]'', extending into [[Central America]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]] as well.<ref name="ROSS">{{cite journal|last=MacCulloch|first=Ross D.|author-link=species:Ross D. MacCulloch|author2=Lathrop, Amy|author2-link=species:Amy Lathrop|author3=Kok, Philippe J. R.|author3-link=species:Philippe Jacques Robert Kok|author4=Ernst, Raffael|author4-link=species:Raffael Ernst|author5=Kalamandeen, Michelle|title=The genus ''Oxyrhopus'' (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in Guyana: morphology, distributions and comments on taxonomy|journal=Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia|volume=49|issue=36|pages=487–495|year=2009|doi=10.1590/S0031-10492009003600001|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=209483|taxon=''Oxyrhopus'' |accessdate=26 February 2011}}</ref>
and it includes at least 13 distinct [[species]].<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=209483|taxon=''Oxyrhopus'' |accessdate=26 February 2011}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
The following 14 species are recognized as being valid.<ref name="RDB">"''Oxyrhopus'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
The following 15 species are recognized as being valid.<ref name="RDB">{{EMBL genus|genus=Oxyrhopus}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
*''[[Oxyrhopus clathratus]]'' <small>[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus clathratus]]'' <small>[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854</small> – Duméril's false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus doliatus]]'' <small>A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus doliatus]]'' <small>A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854</small> – Bibron's false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus emberti]]'' <small>[[species:Lucindo Gonzales Álvarez|Gonzales]], [[species:Steffen Reichle|Reichle]] & [[species:Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto|Entiauspe-Neto]], 2020</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus erdisii]]'' {{small|([[Thomas barbour|Barbour]], 1913)}}
*''[[Oxyrhopus fitzingeri]]'' <small>([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus erdisii]]'' {{small|([[Thomas Barbour|Barbour]], 1913)}}
*''[[Oxyrhopus formosus]]'' <small>([[Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied|Wied-Neuwied]], 1820)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus fitzingeri]]'' <small>([[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1845)</small> – Fitzinger's false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus guibei]]'' <small>[[:fr:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]] & Romano, 1977</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus formosus]]'' <small>([[Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied|Wied-Neuwied]], 1820)</small> – Formosa false coral snake, beautiful calico snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus leucomelas]]'' <small>([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1916)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus guibei]]'' <small>[[:fr:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]] & [[species:Sylvia Alma Renata Wilma Lemos Romano-Hoge|Romano]], 1977</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus marcapatae]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1902)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus leucomelas]]'' <small>([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1916)</small> – Werner's false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus melanogenys]]'' <small>(Tschudi, 1845)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus marcapatae]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1902)</small> – Boulenger's false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus occipitalis]]'' <small>([[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus melanogenys]]'' <small>(Tschudi, 1845)</small> – Tschudi's false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus petola]]rius'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> - calico snake, ''culebra-encendida de cálico''
*''[[Oxyrhopus occipitalis]]'' <small>([[Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied|Wied-Neuwied]], 1824)</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus rhombifer]]'' <small>A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854</small>
*''[[Oxyrhopus petola]]rius'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> – forest flame snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus trigeminus]]'' <small>A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854</small><ref name="ITIS"/>
*''[[Oxyrhopus rhombifer]]'' <small>A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854</small> – Amazon false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus trigeminus]]'' <small>A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854</small><ref name="ITIS"/> – Brazilian false coral snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus vanidicus]]'' <small>[[:fr:John Douglas Lynch|Lynch]], 2009</small><ref name=lynch>Lynch, J. D. (2009). [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492009002500001 Snakes of the genus ''Oxyrhopus'' (Colubridae: Squamata) in Colombia: taxonomy and geographic variation.] ''Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo)'' '''49''' (25): 319-337.</ref>
*''[[Oxyrhopus vanidicus]]'' <small>[[:fr:John Douglas Lynch|Lynch]], 2009</small><ref name=lynch>[[species:John Douglas Lynch|Lynch JD]] (2009). [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492009002500001 "Snakes of the genus ''Oxyrhopus'' (Colubridae: Squamata) in Colombia: taxonomy and geographic variation".] ''Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo'' '''49''' (25): 319-337. (''Oxyrhopus vanidicus'', new species).</ref>


The former ''[[Oxyrhopus venezuelanus]]'' <small>[[:fr:Benjamin Shreve|Shreve]], 1947</small><ref name="ITIS"/> is currently considered a synonym of ''Oxyrhopus doliatus''.<ref name="RDB"/>
The former ''[[Oxyrhopus venezuelanus]]'' <small>[[:fr:Benjamin Shreve|Shreve]], 1947</small><ref name="ITIS"/> is currently considered a synonym of ''Oxyrhopus doliatus''.<ref name="RDB"/>
Line 40: Line 41:
[[Dorsal scales]] smooth, with apical pits, and arranged in 19 rows at midbody.
[[Dorsal scales]] smooth, with apical pits, and arranged in 19 rows at midbody.


Maxillary teeth 10-15, subequal, followed after a gap by two enlarged grooved teeth, located just behind the posterior border of the eye.<ref name="Blgr1896"/>
Maxillary teeth 10–15, subequal, followed after a gap by two enlarged grooved teeth, located just behind the posterior border of the eye.<ref name="Blgr1896"/>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
⚫
{{Commons category}}
⚫
* [[:es:Marcos Abraham Freiberg|Freiberg, M.]] 1982. ''Snakes of South America''. T.F.H. Publications. Hong Kong. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (''Oxyrhopus'' pp.&nbsp;78–79, 104-105, 137 + photographs on pp.&nbsp;135, 138, 190-191.)
{{Wikispecies}}
⚫
* [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler, J.[G].]] 1830. ''Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie.'' J.G. Cotta. Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen. vi + 354 pp. (Genus ''Oxyrhopus'', pp.&nbsp;185–186.)
⚫
*[[:es:Marcos Abraham Freiberg|Freiberg M]] (1982). ''Snakes of South America''. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. {{ISBN|0-87666-912-7}}. (''Oxyrhopus'', pp.&nbsp;78–79, 104–105, 137 + photographs on pp.&nbsp;135, 138, 190–191).
⚫
*[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler J]] (1830). ''Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie.'' Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (''Oxyrhopus'', new genus, pp.&nbsp;185–186). (in German and Latin).


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3061232}}
{{wikispecies}}
⚫
{{commons category}}


[[Category:Colubrids]]
[[Category:Oxyrhopus]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Central America]]
[[Category:Reptiles of South America]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler]]

Latest revision as of 23:39, 5 April 2024

Oxyrhopus
Oxyrhopus melanogenys in Ecuador.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Subfamily: Dipsadinae
Genus: Oxyrhopus
Wagler, 1830[1]
Synonyms

Brachyruton, Clelia, Coluber, Duberria, Erythrolamprus, Lycodon, Olisthenes, Phimophis, Pseudoboa, Rhinosimus, Scytale, Siphlophis, Sphenocephalus[2]

Oxyrhopus, the false coral snakes, is a genus of colubrid snakes that belong to the subfamily Dipsadinae. All 15 members of the genus are found in the northern part of South America, with the native range of the most widespread member, Oxyrhopus petolarius, extending into Central America and Trinidad and Tobago as well.[3][1]

Species[edit]

The following 15 species are recognized as being valid.[4]

The former Oxyrhopus venezuelanus Shreve, 1947[1] is currently considered a synonym of Oxyrhopus doliatus.[4]

Nota bene: In the above list, a binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Oxyrhopus.

Description[edit]

Species in the genus Oxyrhopus share the following characters:

Head distinct from neck. Eye moderate or small. Pupil vertically elliptic. Body cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed. Tail moderate or long.

Dorsal scales smooth, with apical pits, and arranged in 19 rows at midbody.

Maxillary teeth 10–15, subequal, followed after a gap by two enlarged grooved teeth, located just behind the posterior border of the eye.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Oxyrhopus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  2. ^ a b Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus Oxyrhopus, p. 99).
  3. ^ MacCulloch, Ross D.; Lathrop, Amy; Kok, Philippe J. R.; Ernst, Raffael; Kalamandeen, Michelle (2009). "The genus Oxyrhopus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in Guyana: morphology, distributions and comments on taxonomy". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 49 (36): 487–495. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009003600001.
  4. ^ a b Genus Oxyrhopus at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
  5. ^ Lynch JD (2009). "Snakes of the genus Oxyrhopus (Colubridae: Squamata) in Colombia: taxonomy and geographic variation". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo 49 (25): 319-337. (Oxyrhopus vanidicus, new species).

Further reading[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oxyrhopus.
Wikispecies has information related to Oxyrhopus.
  • Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7. (Oxyrhopus, pp. 78–79, 104–105, 137 + photographs on pp. 135, 138, 190–191).
  • Wagler J (1830). Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (Oxyrhopus, new genus, pp. 185–186). (in German and Latin).
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