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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Myrsine''
|image = Myrsine alyxifolia5.jpg
| image = Myrsine alyxifolia5.jpg
|image_caption = ''Myrsine alyxifolia''
|taxon = Myrsine
| image_width = 240px
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753)
| image_caption = ''Myrsine alyxifolia''
|subdivision_ranks = Species
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|subdivision = 282; see text
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
|subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:27339-1 ''Myrsine'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</ref>
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|synonyms =
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
*''Anamtia'' {{small|Koidz. (1923)}}
| familia = [[Myrsinaceae]]
*''Athruphyllum'' {{small|Lour. (1790)}}
| genus = '''''Myrsine'''''
*''Caballeria'' {{small|Ruiz & Pav. (1794)}}
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
*''Duhamelia'' {{small|Dombey ex Lam. (1783)}}
| subdivision = See text.
*''Fialaris'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}}
*''Heurlinia'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}}
*''Hunsteinia'' {{small|Lauterb. (1918)}}
*''Manglilla'' {{small|Juss. (1789)}}
*''Merista'' {{small|Banks & Sol. ex A.Cunn. (1839)}}
*''Pilogyne'' {{small|Gagnep. (1948), nom. illeg.}}
*''Plotia'' {{small|Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 226 (1763)}}
*''Rapanea'' {{small|Aubl. in Hist. Pl. Guiane: 121 (1775)}}
*''Scleroxylum'' {{small|Willd. (1809)}}
*''Suttonia'' {{small|A.Rich. (1832)}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/>
}}
}}
'''''Myrsine''''' is a genus of flowering plants, the nominate genus of the family [[Myrsinaceae]]. It is found nearly worldwide, primarily in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] areas. It contains several hundred species including several notable radiations, such as the '''matipo''' of [[New Zealand]] and the '''kōlea''' of [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]]. In the [[United States]], members of this genus are known as '''colicwood'''.


'''''Myrsine''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the family [[Primulaceae]]. It was formerly placed in the family [[Myrsinaceae]] before this was merged into the Primulaceae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> It is found nearly worldwide, primarily in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] areas. It contains over 280 species,<ref name = powo/> including several notable radiations, such as the '''matipo''' of [[New Zealand]] and the '''kōlea''' of [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]] (the New Zealand "black matipo", ''[[Pittosporum tenuifolium]]'', is not related to ''Myrsine''). In the [[United States]], members of this genus are known as '''colicwood'''. Some species, especially ''[[Myrsine africana|M. africana]]'', are grown as ornamental shrubs.
The leathery, [[evergreen]] leaves are simple and alternate, with smooth margins and without [[stipule]]s. The one-seeded, in[[dehiscent]] fruit is a thin-fleshed globose [[drupe]]. The flowers and fruits often do not develop till after leaf fall and thus appear naked on the branches. The fruits often do not mature until the year after flowering. The [[sepal|calyx]] and [[carpel|style]] are long persistent.


The leathery, [[evergreen]] leaves are simple and alternate, with smooth or toothed margins and without [[stipule]]s. The one-seeded, [[indehiscent]] fruit is a thin-fleshed globose [[drupe]]. The flowers and fruits often do not develop until after leaf fall and thus appear naked on the branches. The fruits often do not mature until the year after flowering. The [[sepal|calyx]] is persistent.
The New Zealand native plants formerly included in the genera ''Rapanea'' and ''Suttonia'' have now been included in ''Myrsine''. Note that "Black Matipo" ''([[Pittosporum tenuifolium]])'' is not related to ''Myrsine''.

In addition to the New Zealand ''Myrsine'' species, there are dozens of species found in this genus elsewhere in the world. Some species, especially ''M. africana'', are grown as ornamental shrubs.


The Pacific basin and New World species formerly separated in the genera ''Rapanea'' and ''Suttonia'' (distinguished from the [[Africa]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n ''Myrsine sensu stricto'' by having the [[gynoecium|style]] absent and [[stamen|staminal tube]] and filaments completely adnate to the [[corolla (flower)|corolla]]) are now generally included in ''Myrsine''.<ref name="wagner">{{cite book|year=1999|title=Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii|location=Honolulu|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|page=934|author1=Wagner, W. L. |author2=D. R. Herbst |author3=S. H. Sohmer |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
==Species==
==Species==
{{main|List of Myrsine species}}
* ''[[Myrsine aquilonia]]''

* ''[[Myrsine argentea]]''
282 species are currently accepted.<ref name = powo/>
* ''[[Myrsine australis]]''

* ''[[Myrsine brachyclada]]''
===Hawaiian species===
* ''[[Myrsine chathamica]]''
[[Hawaii]]an native species include:<ref>Appelhans, M. S., Paetzold, C., Wood, K. R., & Wagner, W. L. (2020). RADseq resolves the phylogeny of Hawaiian Myrsine (Primulaceae) and provides evidence for hybridization. Journal of Systematics and Evolution.[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jse.12668]</ref>
* ''[[Myrsine coxii]]''
* ''[[Myrsine divaricata]]''
* ''[[Myrsine degeneri]]'' {{small|Hosaka}} ([[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] in Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Myrsine kermadecensis]]''
* ''[[Myrsine denticulata]]'' {{small|(Wawra) Hosaka}} (Kauai)
* ''[[Myrsine neo-zealandensiss]]'' = ''[[Myrsine montana|M. montana]]''
* ''[[Myrsine fernseei]]'' <small>(Mez) Hosaka</small> ([[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]] in Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Myrsine fosbergii]]'' <small>Hosaka</small> ([[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] and Kaua{{okina}}i in Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Myrsine nummularia]]''
* ''[[Myrsine oliveri]]''
* ''[[Myrsine helleri]]'' {{small|(O.Deg. & I.Deg.) H.St.John}}
* ''[[Myrsine salicina]]''
* ''[[Myrsine juddii]]'' {{small|Hosaka}}
* ''[[Myrsine umbricola]]''
* ''[[Myrsine kauaiensis]]'' {{small|Hillebr.}}
* ''[[Myrsine knudsenii]]'' <small>(Rock) Hosaka</small> (Kaua{{okina}}i in Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Myrsine lanaiensis]]'' {{small|Hillebr.}}
* ''[[Myrsine lessertiana]]'' <small>[[Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle|A.DC.]]</small> – ''Kōlea lau nui'' ([[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]])<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/data/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Myrsine_lessertiana.pdf |title=Kōlea |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''[[Myrsine linearifolia]]'' {{small|Hosaka}}
* ''[[Myrsine mezii]]'' <small>Hosaka</small> ([[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]] in Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Myrsine petiolata]]'' <small>Hosaka</small> ([[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]] in Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Myrsine pukooensis]]'' {{small|(H.Lév.) Hosaka}}
* ''[[Myrsine punctata]]'' {{small|(H.Lév.) Wilbur}}
* ''[[Myrsine sandwicensis]]'' <small>[[Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle|A.DC.]]</small> – ''Kōlea lau li{{okina}}i'' (Hawai{{okina}}i)<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/data/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Myrsine_sandwicensis.pdf |title=Kōlea lau-liʻi |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''[[Myrsine vaccinioides]]'' {{small|W.L.Wagner, D.R.Herbst & Sohmer}}
* ''[[Myrsine wawrae]]'' {{small|(Mez) Hosaka}}

===Other selected species===
* ''[[Myrsine adamsonii]]'' <small>[[Francis Raymond Fosberg|Fosberg]] & [[Marie-Hélène Sachet|Sachet]]</small> ([[French Polynesia]])
* ''[[Myrsine africana]]'' <small>L.</small> ([[Africa]], Southern [[Asia]] and the [[Azores]])
* ''[[Myrsine andersonii]]'' <small>Fosbert & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine aquilonia]]'' <small>de Lange & Heenan</small> (North Island of New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine argentea]]'' <small>Heenan & de Lange</small> (South Island of New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine australis]]'' <small></small> – Red matipo, ''mapou'' (New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine borneensis]]'' {{small|Scheff.}} (Borneo)
* ''[[Myrsine brownii]]'' <small>Fosbert & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine bullata]]'' <small>Pipoly</small> ([[Peru]])
* ''[[Myrsine ceylanica]]'' <small>(Mez) Wadhwa</small> (Sri Lanka)
* ''[[Myrsine cheesemanii]]'' <small>(Mez) Hemsl. ex Prain</small> (Cook Islands)
* ''[[Myrsine collina]]'' <small>Nadeaud</small> ([[Society Islands]])
* ''[[Myrsine cubana]]'' {{small|A.DC.}} (Caribbean, Central America, southern Mexico, and Florida)
* ''[[Myrsine diazii]]'' <small>Pipoly</small> ([[Peru]])
* ''[[Myrsine divaricata]]'' <small>Cunn</small> (New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine falcata]]'' <small>Nadeaud</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine fasciculata]]'' <small>(J.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine fusca]]'' <small>(J.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine gracilissima]]'' <small>Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine hartii]]'' <small>(M.L.Grant) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (Society Islands)
* ''[[Myrsine hosakae]]'' <small>H.St.John</small> ([[Pitcairn Islands]])
* ''[[Myrsine howittiana]]'' <small>([[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]] ex [[Carl Christian Mez|Mez]]) [[Betsy Rivers Jackes|Jackes]]</small> (Eastern Australia)
* ''[[Myrsine juergensenii]]'' {{small|(Mez) Ricketson & Pipoly}} (Mexico and Central America)
* ''[[Myrsine kermadecensis]]'' <small>Cheeseman</small> (Kermadec Islands)
* ''[[Myrsine laetevirens]]'' <small>(Mez) Arechav.</small> (subtropical South America)
* ''[[Myrsine longifolia]]'' {{small|Nadeaud}} (Tahiti)
* ''[[Myrsine mccomishii]]'' {{small|(Sprague) Jackes}} (Lord Howe Island)
* ''[[Myrsine melanophloeos]]'' {{small|(L.) R.Br. ex Sweet}} (sub-Saharan Africa)
* ''[[Myrsine myrtillina]]'' {{small|(Mez) Jackes}} (Lord Howe Island)
* ''[[Myrsine naiuensis]]'' <small>Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine nukuhivensis]]'' <small>Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine obovata]]'' <small>(J.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine oliveri]]'' <small>Allan</small> (New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine orohenensis]]'' <small>(J.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine pearcei]]'' <small>(Mez) Pipoly</small> (Peru)
* ''[[Myrsine perakensis]]'' {{small|King & Gamble}} (Peninsular Malaysia)
* ''[[Myrsine platystigma]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (Lord Howe Island)
* ''[[Myrsine raiateensis]]'' <small>(J.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine rapensis]]'' <small>(F.Brown) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine reynelii]]'' <small>Pipoly</small> (Peru)
* ''[[Myrsine richmondensis]]'' <small>Jackes</small> (Australia)
* ''[[Myrsine rivularis]]'' <small>(Mez) Pipoly</small> (Peru)
* ''[[Myrsine ronuiensis]]'' <small>(M.Grant) Fosberg & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine salicina]]'' {{small|(Hook.f.) Heward ex Hook.f.}} (New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine seychellarum]]'' {{small|(Mez) Ricketson & Pipoly}} (Seychelles)
* ''[[Myrsine sodiroana]]'' <small>(Mez) Pipoly</small> ([[Ecuador]])
* ''[[Myrsine striata]]'' {{small|(Mez) Ricketson & Pipoly}} (southwestern India)
* ''[[Myrsine tahuatensis]]'' <small>Fosbert & Sachet</small> (French Polynesia)
* ''[[Myrsine umbricola]]'' <small>Heenan & de Lange</small> (North Island of New Zealand)
* ''[[Myrsine variabilis]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> (eastern Australia)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/default.aspx?selected=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=6616B018-473E-4B09-82B2-CF18E7E640CD Ngā Tipu Aotearoa] – Most recent taxonomy (only of NZ species).
* [http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/taxon.aspx?id=_1928e390-214c-434d-b664-847b3227250a Flora of New Zealand].
==External links==
* {{Commons-inline}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q159796}}
== References ==
*[http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/default.aspx?selected=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=6616B018-473E-4B09-82B2-CF18E7E640CD Ngā Tipu Aotearoa] - Most recent taxonomy (only of NZ species).
*http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/taxon.aspx?id=_1928e390-214c-434d-b664-847b3227250a Flora of New Zealand].


[[Category:Myrsinaceae]]
[[Category:Myrsine| ]]
[[Category:Primulaceae genera]]
[[Category:Pantropical flora]]

Latest revision as of 02:52, 8 April 2024

Myrsine
Myrsine alyxifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Primulaceae
Subfamily: Myrsinoideae
Genus: Myrsine
L. (1753)
Species[1]

282; see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Anamtia Koidz. (1923)
  • Athruphyllum Lour. (1790)
  • Caballeria Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
  • Duhamelia Dombey ex Lam. (1783)
  • Fialaris Raf. (1838)
  • Heurlinia Raf. (1838)
  • Hunsteinia Lauterb. (1918)
  • Manglilla Juss. (1789)
  • Merista Banks & Sol. ex A.Cunn. (1839)
  • Pilogyne Gagnep. (1948), nom. illeg.
  • Plotia Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 226 (1763)
  • Rapanea Aubl. in Hist. Pl. Guiane: 121 (1775)
  • Scleroxylum Willd. (1809)
  • Suttonia A.Rich. (1832)

Myrsine is a genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Myrsinaceae before this was merged into the Primulaceae.[2] It is found nearly worldwide, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. It contains over 280 species,[1] including several notable radiations, such as the matipo of New Zealand and the kōlea of Hawaiʻi (the New Zealand "black matipo", Pittosporum tenuifolium, is not related to Myrsine). In the United States, members of this genus are known as colicwood. Some species, especially M. africana, are grown as ornamental shrubs.

The leathery, evergreen leaves are simple and alternate, with smooth or toothed margins and without stipules. The one-seeded, indehiscent fruit is a thin-fleshed globose drupe. The flowers and fruits often do not develop until after leaf fall and thus appear naked on the branches. The fruits often do not mature until the year after flowering. The calyx is persistent.

The Pacific basin and New World species formerly separated in the genera Rapanea and Suttonia (distinguished from the African and Southeast Asian Myrsine sensu stricto by having the style absent and staminal tube and filaments completely adnate to the corolla) are now generally included in Myrsine.[3]

Species[edit]

Main article: List of Myrsine species

282 species are currently accepted.[1]

Hawaiian species[edit]

Hawaiian native species include:[4]

Other selected species[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Myrsine L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
  3. ^ Wagner, W. L.; D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 934.
  4. ^ Appelhans, M. S., Paetzold, C., Wood, K. R., & Wagner, W. L. (2020). RADseq resolves the phylogeny of Hawaiian Myrsine (Primulaceae) and provides evidence for hybridization. Journal of Systematics and Evolution.[1]
  5. ^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Kōlea" (PDF). United States Forest Service. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Kōlea lau-liʻi" (PDF). United States Forest Service. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[permanent dead link]

External links[edit]

  • Media related to Myrsine at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Myrsine at Wikispecies
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