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m Task 19: convert/update IUCN references to {{cite iucn}} using data from IUCN Red List API; IUCN status confirmed; IUCN status ref added [duplicate removed]; evaluated 2 templates; 2 templates modified; (4/00:10.10);
m updated conservation status per latest assessment
 
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{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Pine Barrens tree frog
| name = Pine Barrens tree frog
| image = Pine Barrens Tree Frog.jpg
| image = Pine Barrens Tree Frog.jpg
| status = NT
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
⚫
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Hammerson, G.A.|year=2017|title=''Dryophytes andersonii''|amends=2004|page=e.T10350A112711185|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T10350A112711185.en|access-date=20 August 2023}}</ref>
| status2 = G4
| status2_system = TNC
| status2_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102258/Dryophytes_andersonii |website=explorer.natureserve.org |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>
| taxon = Dryophytes andersonii
| taxon = Dryophytes andersonii
| authority = ([[Spencer Fullerton Baird|Baird]], 1854)
| authority = ([[Spencer Fullerton Baird|Baird]], 1854)
| synonyms = * ''Hyla andersonii'' Baird, 1854
| synonyms = * ''Hyla andersonii'' Baird, 1854
⚫
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Hammerson, G.A. |date=2017 |title=''Dryophytes andersonii'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T10350A112711185 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T10350A112711185.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''Pine Barrens tree frog'''<ref>[http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=references&id=13515 ''Hyla andersonii''], Amphibian Species of the World 5.6</ref> (''Dryophytes andersonii'') is a species of [[New World]] [[Hylidae|tree frog]]. It is becoming rare due to [[habitat loss]].
The '''Pine Barrens tree frog'''<ref>[http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=references&id=13515 ''Hyla andersonii''], Amphibian Species of the World 5.6</ref> ('''''Dryophytes andersonii''''') is a species of [[New World]] [[Hylidae|tree frog]]. It is becoming rare due to [[habitat loss]].


==Description==
==Physical characteristics==
''Dryophytes andersonii'' is about {{convert|2.8|-|4.3|cm|in}} long, snout-to-vent, as an adult. Members of the species are predominantly emerald green. The green coloration is bordered by a white stripe, which separates it from a later plum band that extends downwards to cover the belly. The hidden surfaces of their legs are orange to yellow.<ref name="Pinelands Commission">Bunnell, John. "[https://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/fact/treefrog%20JFB.pdf The Pine Barrens Treefrog]". New Jersey Pinelands Commission, 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2023.</ref> The belly is covered in white areolae. The toes are partially webbed, while the fingers are free. The pads of both fingers and toes are small.<ref name="AmphWeb">{{cite web |title=''Hyla andersonii'' |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/714 |website=amphibiaweb.org |publisher=AmphibiaWeb |access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref>
''Dryophytes andersonii'', only about {{convert|1|-|3|in|mm}} long, is one of the smaller species of tree frogs. Members of the species are predominantly green, with wide, dark stripes. They often have spotted, orange-gold markings on the hidden surfaces of their legs and tend to have large toe pads.


The key to distinguishing the Pine Barrens tree frog from the similar-appearing [[American green tree frog]] (''D. cinerea'') is the white-bordered lavender stripe on each side of the body in the Pine Barrens tree frog. ''D. cinerea'' has only a white stripe in this location.
The key to distinguishing the Pine Barrens tree frog from the similar-appearing [[American green tree frog]] (''D. cinerea'') is the white-bordered lavender stripe on each side of the body in the Pine Barrens tree frog. ''D. cinerea'' has only a white stripe in this location.


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
''Dryophytes andersonii'' are primarily found near temporary still or slow waters dominated by shrubs or herbaceous plants. Permanent bodies of water that are home to fish contain fewer and more isolated frogs. Their preferred natural habitats include wet areas in [[pitch pine]] forests, intermittent streams and ponds, stream backwaters, ''[[Sphagnum]]'' bogs, and [[Atlantic white cedar]] swamps. They are also found alongside artificial bodies of water such as [[cranberry bog]]s, water-filled ruts created by vehicles, flooded [[borrow pit]]s, and ditches. Adults are primarily found in waterside vegetation, but may be encountered on the ground.<ref name="Pinelands Commission"/>
''Dryophytes andersonii'' is most commonly found in brushy areas, often near [[peat]] [[bog]]s or shallow ponds. They usually inhabit areas carpeted with thick [[moss]]. Adults are terrestrial, but tend to reside near water sources. Unlike most frogs, they are tolerant of low [[pH]] levels, and often lay eggs in shallow, [[acid]]ic ponds. The ideal pH level for ''D. andersonii'' eggs is between 3.8 and 5.9.

==Breeding==
''D. andersonii'' prefer to reproduce in isolated, shallow, [[acid]]ic ponds. The ideal pH level for ''D. andersonii'' eggs is between 3.74 and 4.69. The eggs are laid in May and June; the tadpoles metamorphose into adults in July and August. Eggs are laid singly, and are approximately {{convert|1.2|-|1.4|mm|in}} in diameter.<ref name="Pinelands Commission"/><ref name="AmphWeb"/>

Calling begins at the end of April and can continue into August. Adults remain within {{convert|70|m|ft}} of their breeding sites throughout the breeding season, although individuals have been documented as far as {{convert|100|m|ft}}. Towards the end of the season, they disperse father away from their breeding sites. The species' comparatively late breeding season, combined with its preference for temporary water sources, makes it vulnerable to droughts and changes in water levels.<ref name="Pinelands Commission"/>


== Distribution ==
== Distribution ==
[[File:Hyl ande.jpg|thumb|right|Geographical distribution of ''Dryophytes andersonii''<ref name="IUCNreport">{{cite iucn |author=Hammerson, G.A. |date=2017 |title=''Dryophytes andersonii'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T10350A112711185 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T10350A112711185.en |access-date=13 November 2021}} Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is near threatened. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/rangemap.php?species=10350 RangeMap:]</ref>]]
[[File:Hyl ande.jpg|thumb|right|Geographical distribution of ''Dryophytes andersonii''<ref name="IUCNreport">{{cite iucn |author=Hammerson, G.A. |date=2017 |title=''Dryophytes andersonii'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T10350A112711185 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T10350A112711185.en}} Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is near threatened. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/rangemap.php?species=10350 RangeMap:]</ref>]]
⚫
Due to the limited extent of suitable habitats, ''Dryophytes andersonii'' is currently distributed in three [[disjunct distribution|disjunct]] areas in the [[southeastern United States]]: the [[New Jersey]] [[Pine Barrens (New Jersey)|Pine Barrens]]; the [[Sandhills (Carolina)|Sandhills]] of [[North Carolina|North]] and [[South Carolina]]; and the [[Florida]] panhandle and southern [[Alabama]]. Although one specimen of ''D. andersonii'' is known from [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], a population is not known to currently exist there.<ref name="IUCNreport" />


⚫
''Dryophytes andersonii'' primarily inhabits the [[Atlantic Coastal Plain]].<ref name="AmphWeb"/> Due to the limited extent of suitable habitats, the species is currently distributed in three [[disjunct distribution|disjunct]] areas in the [[southeastern United States]]: the [[New Jersey]] [[Pine Barrens (New Jersey)|Pine Barrens]]; the [[Sandhills (Carolina)|Sandhills]] of [[North Carolina|North]] and [[South Carolina]]; and the [[Florida]] panhandle and southern [[Alabama]]. The New Jersey populations are the largest currently recorded.<ref name="IUCNreport"/> Although one specimen of ''D. andersonii'' is known from [[Richmond County, Georgia|Richmond County]] [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], a population is not known to currently exist there.<ref name="AmphWeb"/><ref name="IUCNreport"/>
⚫
''Dryophytes andersonii'' is the [[List of U.S. state amphibians|state frog]] of North Carolina.<ref>{{cite web|last=Horton|first=Emily|title=Pine Barren Tree Frog|url=http://ncpedia.org/symbols/frog|publisher=NCpedia|access-date=19 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/pdf/bysection/chapter_145/gs_145-42.pdf|title=NC General Statute 145-52}}</ref>

⚫
''Dryophytes andersonii'' is the [[List of U.S. state amphibians|state frog]] of North Carolina. It was selected through a poll organized by the [[North Carolina Herpetological Society]], in which the Pine Barrens tree frog was chosen alongside the [[marbled salamander]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Horton|first=Emily|title=Pine Barren Tree Frog|url=http://ncpedia.org/symbols/frog|publisher=NCpedia|access-date=19 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/pdf/bysection/chapter_145/gs_145-42.pdf|title=NC General Statute 145-52}}</ref>


==Conservation status==
==Conservation status==
''Dryophytes andersonii'' was listed as [[Endangered Species Act|endangered]] by the [[US Fish and Wildlife Service]] between 1977 and 1983, when additional populations were found in Florida.<ref name=US-FWS>{{cite web|title=Pine Barrens treefrog (Hyla andersonii)|url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=D00N|work=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service|access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> The IUCN has classified it as Near Threatened as of 1996.<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021" />
The Floridian population of ''Dryophytes andersonii'' was listed as [[Endangered Species Act|endangered]] by the [[US Fish and Wildlife Service]] between 1977 and 1983, when additional populations were found in Florida.<ref name=US-FWS>{{cite web|title=Pine Barrens treefrog (''Hyla andersonii'')|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4506|work=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service|access-date=20 August 2023}}</ref> The IUCN has classified the species overall as Near Threatened as of 2004.<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021" />

Pine Barrens tree frogs are rarely encountered in sites where nonnative amphibians, such as [[bullfrog]]s, and nonnative fish are present, suggesting that they are poor competitors. As a consequence of this, ''D. andersonii'' populations found in or near developed and agricultural areas are believed to be the most at risk due to the greater presence of nonnative species there.<ref name="Pinelands Commission"/>


The Pine Barrens tree frog is currently listed as Threatened in the state of New Jersey. <ref> Bunnell, John. "[https://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/fact/treefrog%20JFB.pdf The Pine Barrens Treefrog]". New Jersey Pinelands Commission, 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2021. </ref>
The Pine Barrens tree frog is currently listed as Threatened in the state of New Jersey.<ref name="Pinelands Commission"/>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
The Pine Barrens tree frog was featured in a series of prints by artist [[Andy Warhol]]. In 1983, the artist was commissioned to create a portfolio of ten endangered species to raise environmental awareness and included was ''D. andersonii.''<ref name=Revolver>{{cite web|last=Warhol|first=Andy|title=Pine Barrens Tree Frog 294|url=https://revolverwarholgallery.com/portfolio/pine-barrens-tree-frog-294|work=Endangered Species|access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>
The Pine Barrens tree frog was featured in a series of prints by artist [[Andy Warhol]]. In 1983, the artist was commissioned to create a portfolio of ten endangered species to raise environmental awareness and included was ''D. andersonii.''<ref name=Revolver>{{cite web|last=Warhol|first=Andy|title=Pine Barrens Tree Frog 294|url=https://revolverwarholgallery.com/portfolio/pine-barrens-tree-frog-294|work=Endangered Species|access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref> The portfolio, known as "Endangered Species" was created in support of the [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Endangered Species Act]], which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1973. Other animals within the portfolio include the [[Siberian tiger|Siberian Tiger]], [[Bald eagle|Bald Eagle]] and the [[Giant panda|Giant Panda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Endangered Species by Andy Warhol |url=https://andipaeditions.com/blog/104-endangered-species-by-andy-warhol-an-important-milestone/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Andipa Editions |language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 41: Line 52:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Hyla andersonii}}
{{Commons category|Hyla andersonii}}
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hyla_andersonii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Hyla andersonii'' (Pine Barrens tree frog)]
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hyla_andersonii.html Animal Diversity Web – ''Hyla andersonii'' (Pine Barrens tree frog)]
*[http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/ecology/wildlife/amphibians/pinebarrenstreefrog/ Pinelands Preservation Alliance - Pine Barrens tree frog photos]
*[http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/ecology/wildlife/amphibians/pinebarrenstreefrog/ Pinelands Preservation Alliance – Pine Barrens tree frog photos]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q305265}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q305265|from2=Q32343941}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Dryophytes]]
[[Category:Dryophytes]]
[[Category:Pine Barrens (New Jersey)]]
[[Category:Pine Barrens (New Jersey)]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Eastern United States|Frog, Pine Barrens Tree]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Amphibians of the United States|Frog, Pine Barrens Tree]]
[[Category:Amphibians of the United States]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Southeastern United States|Frog, Pine Barrens Tree]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Southeastern United States]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1854]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1854]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird]]

Latest revision as of 01:16, 17 April 2024

Pine Barrens tree frog

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylidae
Genus: Dryophytes
Species:
D. andersonii
Binomial name
Dryophytes andersonii
(Baird, 1854)
Synonyms
  • Hyla andersonii Baird, 1854

The Pine Barrens tree frog[3] (Dryophytes andersonii) is a species of New World tree frog. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

Description[edit]

Dryophytes andersonii is about 2.8–4.3 centimetres (1.1–1.7 in) long, snout-to-vent, as an adult. Members of the species are predominantly emerald green. The green coloration is bordered by a white stripe, which separates it from a later plum band that extends downwards to cover the belly. The hidden surfaces of their legs are orange to yellow.[4] The belly is covered in white areolae. The toes are partially webbed, while the fingers are free. The pads of both fingers and toes are small.[5]

The key to distinguishing the Pine Barrens tree frog from the similar-appearing American green tree frog (D. cinerea) is the white-bordered lavender stripe on each side of the body in the Pine Barrens tree frog. D. cinerea has only a white stripe in this location.

Habitat[edit]

Dryophytes andersonii are primarily found near temporary still or slow waters dominated by shrubs or herbaceous plants. Permanent bodies of water that are home to fish contain fewer and more isolated frogs. Their preferred natural habitats include wet areas in pitch pine forests, intermittent streams and ponds, stream backwaters, Sphagnum bogs, and Atlantic white cedar swamps. They are also found alongside artificial bodies of water such as cranberry bogs, water-filled ruts created by vehicles, flooded borrow pits, and ditches. Adults are primarily found in waterside vegetation, but may be encountered on the ground.[4]

Breeding[edit]

D. andersonii prefer to reproduce in isolated, shallow, acidic ponds. The ideal pH level for D. andersonii eggs is between 3.74 and 4.69. The eggs are laid in May and June; the tadpoles metamorphose into adults in July and August. Eggs are laid singly, and are approximately 1.2–1.4 millimetres (0.047–0.055 in) in diameter.[4][5]

Calling begins at the end of April and can continue into August. Adults remain within 70 metres (230 ft) of their breeding sites throughout the breeding season, although individuals have been documented as far as 100 metres (330 ft). Towards the end of the season, they disperse father away from their breeding sites. The species' comparatively late breeding season, combined with its preference for temporary water sources, makes it vulnerable to droughts and changes in water levels.[4]

Distribution[edit]

Geographical distribution of Dryophytes andersonii[6]

Dryophytes andersonii primarily inhabits the Atlantic Coastal Plain.[5] Due to the limited extent of suitable habitats, the species is currently distributed in three disjunct areas in the southeastern United States: the New Jersey Pine Barrens; the Sandhills of North and South Carolina; and the Florida panhandle and southern Alabama. The New Jersey populations are the largest currently recorded.[6] Although one specimen of D. andersonii is known from Richmond County Georgia, a population is not known to currently exist there.[5][6]

Dryophytes andersonii is the state frog of North Carolina. It was selected through a poll organized by the North Carolina Herpetological Society, in which the Pine Barrens tree frog was chosen alongside the marbled salamander.[7][8]

Conservation status[edit]

The Floridian population of Dryophytes andersonii was listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service between 1977 and 1983, when additional populations were found in Florida.[9] The IUCN has classified the species overall as Near Threatened as of 2004.[1]

Pine Barrens tree frogs are rarely encountered in sites where nonnative amphibians, such as bullfrogs, and nonnative fish are present, suggesting that they are poor competitors. As a consequence of this, D. andersonii populations found in or near developed and agricultural areas are believed to be the most at risk due to the greater presence of nonnative species there.[4]

The Pine Barrens tree frog is currently listed as Threatened in the state of New Jersey.[4]

In popular culture[edit]

The Pine Barrens tree frog was featured in a series of prints by artist Andy Warhol. In 1983, the artist was commissioned to create a portfolio of ten endangered species to raise environmental awareness and included was D. andersonii.[10] The portfolio, known as "Endangered Species" was created in support of the Endangered Species Act, which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1973. Other animals within the portfolio include the Siberian Tiger, Bald Eagle and the Giant Panda.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Hammerson, G.A. (2017) [amended version of 2004 assessment]. "Dryophytes andersonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10350A112711185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T10350A112711185.en. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  2. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  3. ^ Hyla andersonii, Amphibian Species of the World 5.6
  4. ^ a b c d e f Bunnell, John. "The Pine Barrens Treefrog". New Jersey Pinelands Commission, 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "Hyla andersonii". amphibiaweb.org. AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Hammerson, G.A. (2017). "Dryophytes andersonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10350A112711185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T10350A112711185.en. Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is near threatened. RangeMap:
  7. ^ Horton, Emily. "Pine Barren Tree Frog". NCpedia. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  8. ^ "NC General Statute 145-52" (PDF).
  9. ^ "Pine Barrens treefrog (Hyla andersonii)". Environmental Conservation Online System. US Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  10. ^ Warhol, Andy. "Pine Barrens Tree Frog 294". Endangered Species. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  11. ^ "Endangered Species by Andy Warhol". Andipa Editions. Retrieved 11 July 2023.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hyla andersonii.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pine_Barrens_tree_frog&oldid=1219318968"