Manilkara kauki: Difference between revisions

Manilkara kauki
	Fruits and foliage
	Leaves
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Sapotaceae
Genus:	Manilkara
Species:	M. kauki
Binomial name
	Manilkara kauki; (L.) Dubard
Synonyms
	Kaukenia kauki (L.) Kuntze; Mimusops browniana (A.DC.) Benth; Mimusops kauki L. (basionym); ; Mimusops manilkara G.Don; Manilkara kaukii (lapsus);

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Manilkara kauki is a plant in the subfamily Sapotoideae, and the tribe Sapoteae of the family Sapotaceae;^[3] and is the type species for the genus Manilkara.^[4]^[3] It occurs in tropical Asia from Indo-China (Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam) to Malesia (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea); and also in northern Queensland in Australia.

It is rarely planted commercially but as an ornamental plant.^[5]^: 41, 50

Names

Throughout the world it is known generally by the name caqui,^[3] but in Australia it is called wongi. In Java, the plant is called sawo kacik. The fruit is called adão (Adam’s fruit) in Konkani.

Description

Its leaves are rigid and have blunt tips, its upper surfaces are dark green while pale and silky underneath.^[6]^{[page needed]}

Its fruiting season is from December to February, it produces edible ovoid fruit that turns dark orangish red when ripe, each are 2.5–5.32 cm long and 2 cm wide with a smooth pale brown seed inside.^[7]^: 35

Uses

The fruit is reported to be very tasty, and is traditionally eaten by Torres Strait Islanders, who travel from island to island to harvest the crop.^{[citation needed]} Members and servants of Javanese royal families plant them in palace gardens as a symbol of kindness and loyalty.^[7]^: 36

It often grows wild in forests attracting birds and primates.^[5]^: 50 For reforestation purposes, M. kauki is a useful graft stock for M. zapota, and parts of the plant are used in herbal medicine.^[3]

References

^ Annales du Musée Coloniale de Marseille ser. 3, 3 1915 "Plant Name Details for Manilkara kauki". Retrieved 30 December 2009. basionym: Sapotaceae Mimusops kauki L.
^ "Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard". Plants of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Manilkara kauki". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
^ Species Plantarum 2 1753 "Plant Name Details for Mimusops kauki". Retrieved 30 December 2009. Type Information: "Habitat in Zeylona." basionym of: Sapotaceae Manilkara kauki
^ ^a ^b Nur Nadiah Md Yusof; Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta; Faezah Pardi; Asmida Ismail (2022). Garis Panduan Penanaman Makanan Hidupan Liar (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-5557-36-1 – via FlipHTML5.
^ Low, T. (1988). Wild Food Plants of Australia. ISBN 978-0-207-16930-4.
^ ^a ^b Armstrong, K. E. (February 2013). "A Revision of the Asian-Pacific species of Manilkara (Sapotaceae)". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 70 (1): 7–56. doi:10.1017/S0960428612000327.

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[ipni1-1] Annales du Musée Coloniale de Marseille ser. 3, 3 1915 "Plant Name Details for Manilkara kauki". Retrieved 30 December 2009. basionym: Sapotaceae Mimusops kauki L.

[2] "Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard". Plants of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.

[grin-3] "Manilkara kauki". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 30 December 2009.

[ipni2-4] Species Plantarum 2 1753 "Plant Name Details for Mimusops kauki". Retrieved 30 December 2009. Type Information: "Habitat in Zeylona." basionym of: Sapotaceae Manilkara kauki

[GPPMHL-5] Nur Nadiah Md Yusof; Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta; Faezah Pardi; Asmida Ismail (2022). Garis Panduan Penanaman Makanan Hidupan Liar (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-5557-36-1 – via FlipHTML5.

[tl-6] Low, T. (1988). Wild Food Plants of Australia. ISBN 978-0-207-16930-4.

[EJoB-7] Armstrong, K. E. (February 2013). "A Revision of the Asian-Pacific species of Manilkara (Sapotaceae)". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 70 (1): 7–56. doi:10.1017/S0960428612000327.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of tree}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
+{{redirect|Wongi|the Aboriginal Australian people|Wangkatha}}
+{{Speciesbox
+ | image = Manilkara kauki 25457539.jpg
+ | image_caption = Fruits and foliage
+ | image2 = Manilkara kauki 0zz.jpg
+ | image2_caption = Leaves
+ | genus = Manilkara
+ | species = kauki
+ | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Marcel Marie Maurice Dubard|Dubard]]<ref name=ipni1>''Annales du Musée Coloniale de Marseille'' ser. 3, 3 1915 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=106788-3 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Manilkara kauki'' |quote=basionym: Sapotaceae ''Mimusops kauki'' L. |accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref>
+ | synonyms =
+* ''Kaukenia kauki'' <small>(L.) Kuntze</small>
+* ''Mimusops browniana'' <small>(A.DC.) Benth</small>
+* ''Mimusops kauki'' <small>L.</small> ([[basionym]])<br>
+* ''Mimusops manilkara'' <small>G.Don</small>
+* ''Manilkara kaukii'' <small>(''[[lapsus]]'')</small>
+ | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787653-1 |title=''Manilkara kauki'' (L.) Dubard. |date=2024 |website=Plants of the World |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref>
+}}
+'''''Manilkara kauki''''' is a plant in the [[subfamily]] [[Sapotoideae]], and the tribe [[Sapoteae]] of the family [[Sapotaceae]];<ref name=grin/> and is the [[type species]] for the genus ''Manilkara''.<ref name=ipni2>''Species Plantarum'' 2 1753 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=118201-3 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Mimusops kauki'' |quote=Type Information: "Habitat in Zeylona." basionym of: Sapotaceae ''Manilkara kauki'' |accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref> It occurs in tropical Asia from [[Indo-China]] ([[Cambodia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and [[Vietnam]]) to [[Malesia]] ([[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]); and also in northern [[Queensland, Australia|Queensland]] in [[Australia]].
+It is rarely planted commercially but as an ornamental plant.<ref name="GPPMHL">{{cite book |author1=Nur Nadiah Md Yusof<!-- Malay, no family nm--> |author2=Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta<!-- Malay, no family nm--> |author3=Faezah Pardi<!-- Malay, no family nm--> |author4=Asmida Ismail<!-- Malay, no family nm--> |year=2022 |title=Garis Panduan Penanaman Makanan Hidupan Liar |language=ms |url=https://fliphtml5.com/cjblk/umpc/Garis_Panduan_Penanaman_Makanan_Hidupan_Liar/ |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |publisher=[[Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia]]  |isbn=978-967-5557-36-1 |via=FlipHTML5 }}</ref>{{rp|41,<!-- pg 41 abt growing wild = "pokok nadir", list on pg 50 --> 50<!-- abt animals that eat it-->}}
-:''"Wongi" redirects here. For the group of [[Indigenous Australians]], see [[Wangai]]''.
-{{ italic title}}
-{{ taxobox
- | name = Wongi
- | image =
- | image_width =
- | image_caption =
- | regnum = [[Plantae]]
- | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
- | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
- | unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
- | ordo = [[Ericales]]
- | familia = [[Sapotaceae]]
- | genus = ''[[Manilkara]]''
- | species = '''''M. kauki'''''
- | binomial = ''Manilkara kauki''
- | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Marcel Marie Maurice Dubard|Dubard]]<ref name=ipni1>''Annales du Musée Coloniale de Marseille'' ser. 3, 3 1915 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=106788-3 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Manilkara kauki'' |quote=basionym: Sapotaceae ''Mimusops kauki'' L. |accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref>
- | synonyms = ''Mimusops kauki'' <small>L.</small> ([[basionym]])<ref name=ipni1/><ref name=ipni2>''Species Plantarum'' 2 1753 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=118201-3 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Mimusops kauki''
-|quote=Type Information: "Habitat in Zeylona." basionym of: Sapotaceae ''Manilkara kauki'' |accessdate=December 30, 2009}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{ cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102657 |title=''Manilkara kauki'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=GRIN |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |date=March 17, 2008 |accessdate=December 30, 2009 |authorlink=Germplasm Resources Information Network}}</ref><br>''Manilkara kaukii'' <small>(''[[lapsus]]'')</small>
-}}
+== Names ==
-'''''Manilkara kauki''''' is a plant in the [[subfamily]] [[Sapotoideae]], and the tribe [[Sapoteae]] of the [[Sapotaceae|Sapotaceae family]];<ref name=grin/> and is the [[type species]] for the genus ''Manilkara''.<ref name=ipni2/> It occurs in tropical Asia from [[Indo-China]] ([[Cambodia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and [[Vietnam]]) to [[Malesia]] ([[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]); and also in northern [[Queensland, Australia| Queensland]] in [[Australia]]. In Java, the plant is called '''''sawo kacik''''', and is associated with the [[Kraton Yogyakarta|royal Javanese ritual]]. Throughout the world it is known generally by the name '''''caqui''''',<ref name=grin/> but in Australia it is called '''''wongi'''''.
+Throughout the world it is known generally by the name '''''caqui''''',<ref name=grin/> but in Australia it is called '''''wongi'''''. In [[Java]], the plant is called '''''sawo kacik'''''. The fruit is called  ''adão''<!-- Konkai spelling? --> ([[Adam]]’s fruit) in [[Konkani language|Konkani]].
-==Description==
+== Description ==
+{{Expand section |date=May 2024 }}
-The leaves are rigid, blunt-tipped, dark-green on the upper leaf face, and pale and silky below. The edible, orange-red fruit is 3-4&nbsp;cm long.<ref name=tl>{{ cite book |author=Low, T. |title=Wild Food Plants of Australia |year=1988 |isbn=0-207-16930-6}}</ref>
+Its leaves are rigid and have blunt tips, its upper surfaces are dark green while pale and silky underneath.<ref name=tl>{{ cite book |last=Low |first=T. |title=Wild Food Plants of Australia |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-207-16930-4}}</ref>{{page needed | date=May 2024}}
+Its fruiting season is from December to February, it produces edible ovoid fruit that turns dark orangish red when ripe, each are 2.5–5.32 cm long and 2 cm wide with a smooth pale brown seed inside.<ref name="EJoB">{{cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=K. E. |date=February 2013 |title=A Revision of the Asian-Pacific species of ''Manilkara'' (Sapotaceae) |url=https://journals.rbge.org.uk/ejb/article/view/1500 |journal=Edinburgh Journal of Botany |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=7–56 |doi=10.1017/S0960428612000327 }}</ref>{{rp|35}}
-==Uses==
-For [[reforestation]] purposes, ''M. kauki'' is a useful [[graft stock]] for [[Manilkara zapota|''M. zapota'']], and parts of the plant are used in [[herbal medicine]].<ref name=grin/> The fruit is reported to be very tasty, and is traditionally eaten by [[Torres Strait Islanders]], who travel from island to island to harvest the crop.
+== Uses ==
+The fruit is reported to be very tasty, and is traditionally eaten by [[Torres Strait Islanders]], who travel from island to island to harvest the crop.{{citation needed |date=May 2024}}  Members and servants of [[Javanese people|Javanese]] royal families plant them in palace gardens as a symbol of kindness and loyalty.<ref name="EJoB"/>{{rp|36}}
+It often grows wild in forests attracting birds and primates.<ref name="GPPMHL"/>{{rp|50}} For [[reforestation]] purposes, ''M. kauki'' is a useful [[graft stock]] for [[Manilkara zapota|''M. zapota'']], and parts of the plant are used in [[herbal medicine]].<ref name=grin/>
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q2716667}}
 [[Category:Manilkara|kauki]]
 [[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
 [[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
 [[Category:Ericales of Australia]]
-[[Category:Flora of Burma]]
+[[Category:Trees of Indo-China]]
-[[Category:Flora of Cambodia]]
+[[Category:Trees of Malesia]]
-[[Category:Flora of Indonesia]]
+[[Category:Trees of New Guinea]]
-[[Category:Flora of Malaysia]]
-[[Category:Flora of Papua New Guinea]]
-[[Category:Trees of Thailand]]
-[[Category:Flora of Vietnam]]
 [[Category:Bushfood]]
 [[Category:Fruits originating in Asia]]
 {{Sapotaceae-stub}}

Taxon identifiers
Manilkara kauki	Wikidata: Q2716667 Wikispecies: Manilkara kauki APDB: 91334 APNI: 84346 ATRF: Manilkara_kauki CoL: 3XVCL EoL: 1154592 GBIF: 2885150 GRIN: 102657 iNaturalist: 348725 IPNI: 787653-1 IRMNG: 10602395 ITIS: 505965 NCBI: 233707 Open Tree of Life: 603204 Plant List: kew-120182 PLANTS: MAKA3 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787653-1 Tropicos: 28700873 WFO: wfo-0000235898
Mimusops kauki	Wikidata: Q15244637 APNI: 90184 CoL: 43HX8 GBIF: 2883699 GRIN: 24457 IPNI: 787960-1 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787960-1 Tropicos: 28700874