Osmia spinulosa: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Species of bee}} |
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| image = Osmiaspinulosa.jpg |
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| image_caption = Spined Mason Bee (''Osmia spinulosa''), Freising, Germany, June 2021 |
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| genus = Osmia |
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| species = spinulosa |
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| authority = (Kirby, 1802) |
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'''''Osmia spinulosa''''' is a [[species]] of bees within the genus [[Mason bee|Osmia]].<ref name="inaturalist-Osmia spinulosa">{{ |
'''''Osmia spinulosa''''', also known as the '''spined mason bee''', is a [[species]] of bees within the genus [[Mason bee|''Osmia'']].<ref name="inaturalist-Osmia spinulosa">{{inaturalist taxon|484591}}</ref><ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS|id=1160761 |taxon=''Osmia spinulosa'' |access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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7–8 mm. Males: [[Tergite]] 15 with terminal [[ligament]]s, Tergite 7 with a thorn. To be recognized in the field with experience. Females: Tergites 1-6 with terminal ligaments. [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|Scutellum]] laterally with a pointed thorn each. Tibial spur red.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Westrich, Paul 1947-|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1190164412|title=Die Wildbienen Deutschlands|year=2019|isbn=978-3-8186-0881-1|oclc=1190164412}}</ref> |
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== Range == |
== Range == |
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Osmia spinulosa is distributed from the Spanish foothills of the Pyrenees ([[Gerona, Spain|Girona]]) across Europe, Asia Minor, [[Caucasus]] and western Central Asia to the Central Siberian mountains ([[Tomsk Oblast|Tomsk]], [[Kemerovo Oblast|Kemerovo]], [[Altai Republic]]); north to South [[Wales]] and Central [[England]], in Scandinavia to 60 ° N in [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]], in [[Russia]] to [[Kirov Oblast|Kirov]] and Perm; south to [[Sicily]] and southern [[Bulgaria]]. Detected from all federal states in [[Germany]] with the exception of Schleswig-Holstein.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Erwin.|first=Scheuchl |
Osmia spinulosa is distributed from the Spanish foothills of the Pyrenees ([[Gerona, Spain|Girona]]) across Europe, Asia Minor, [[Caucasus]] and western Central Asia to the Central Siberian mountains ([[Tomsk Oblast|Tomsk]], [[Kemerovo Oblast|Kemerovo]], [[Altai Republic]]); north to South [[Wales]] and Central [[England]], in Scandinavia to 60 ° N in [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]], in [[Russia]] to [[Kirov Oblast|Kirov]] and Perm; south to [[Sicily]] and southern [[Bulgaria]]. Detected from all federal states in [[Germany]] with the exception of Schleswig-Holstein.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Erwin.|first=Scheuchl|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1041414212|title=Taschenlexikon der Wildbienen Mitteleuropas : alle Arten im Porträt|year=2016|isbn=978-3-494-01653-5|oclc=1041414212}}</ref> Widespread in [[Germany]], but only sporadically in the North German lowlands. Moderately frequent, especially in the hill country and in the limestone low mountain ranges. In the Alps up to 2000 m.<ref name=":0" /> Reported in [[Austria]] from all federal states. Currently in [[Switzerland]], partly also historically from the cantons of [[Geneva]], [[Neuchâtel]], [[Bern]], [[Basel]], [[Schaffhausen]], [[Valais]], [[Grisons|Graubünden]] and [[St. Gallen]], only historically from the canton of [[Vaud]].<ref name=":1"/> |
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== Habitat == |
== Habitat == |
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Mainly settlements with focus on dry, warm habitats on calcareous subsoil. It occurs on inland dunes and drifting sand fields, weathering heaps, disused quarries, fallow sheep pastures (juniper heaths), warm forest fringes, structurally rich, old fallow vineyards, uneven meadows, rarely dry and warm ruderal areas.<ref name=":0" |
Mainly settlements with focus on dry, warm habitats on calcareous subsoil. It occurs on inland dunes and drifting sand fields, weathering heaps, disused quarries, fallow sheep pastures (juniper heaths), warm forest fringes, structurally rich, old fallow vineyards, uneven meadows, rarely dry and warm ruderal areas.<ref name=":0"/> |
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== Ecology == |
== Ecology == |
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''Osmia spinulosa'' is an [[Univoltine|univoltin]] species. It flies from early June to mid-August and is wintering as a resting larva (?) in a snail shell.<ref name=":0" |
''Osmia spinulosa'' is an [[Univoltine|univoltin]] species. It flies from early June to mid-August and is wintering as a resting larva (?) in a snail shell.<ref name=":0"/> |
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''Osmia spinulosa'' is an oligolectic species specializing in ''[[Asteraceae]]''. A preference for certain species is not discernible. Pollen sources are ''[[Cota tinctoria|Anthemis tinctoria]], [[Anthemis arvensis]], [[Inula hirta]], [[Inula salicina]], [[Inula ensifolia]], [[Buphthalmum salicifolium]], [[Pulicaria dysenterica]], [[Aster amellus]], [[Jacobaea vulgaris|Senecio jacobaea]], [[Echinops sphaerocephalus|Echinops spaerocephalus]], [[Cirsium vulgare]], [[Cirsium arvense]], [[Carduus crispus|Carduus crisous]], [[Chicory|Cichorium intybus]], [[Picris hieracioides]], [[Scorzoneroides autumnalis|Leontodon autumnalis]], [[Hieracium pilosella]]''. [[Telekia speciosa |
''Osmia spinulosa'' is an oligolectic species specializing in ''[[Asteraceae]]''. A preference for certain species is not discernible. Pollen sources are ''[[Cota tinctoria|Anthemis tinctoria]], [[Anthemis arvensis]], [[Inula hirta]], [[Inula salicina]], [[Inula ensifolia]], [[Buphthalmum salicifolium]], [[Pulicaria dysenterica]], [[Aster amellus]], [[Jacobaea vulgaris|Senecio jacobaea]], [[Echinops sphaerocephalus|Echinops spaerocephalus]], [[Cirsium vulgare]], [[Cirsium arvense]], [[Carduus crispus|Carduus crisous]], [[Chicory|Cichorium intybus]], [[Picris hieracioides]], [[Scorzoneroides autumnalis|Leontodon autumnalis]], [[Hieracium pilosella]]''. ''[[Telekia speciosa]]'' and ''[[Calendula officinalis]]'' are also used in the [[Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg|Munich Botanical Garden]]. ''[[Buphthalmum]]'' is of great importance as a source of pollen in the limestone mountains. The females do not visit the same flowers all the time; during one flight they regularly visit up to four different asteraceae (e.g. ''[[Hieracium]]'' / ''[[Centaurea]]'' / ''[[Anthemis]]'' / ''[[Echinops]]''). The plant species mentioned can also serve as sources of nectar.<ref name=":0"/> |
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This bee nests in empty smaller snail shells like [[Helicella itala |
This bee nests in empty smaller snail shells like ''[[Helicella itala]]'' and ''[[Helicella obvia]]'', [[Grove snail|''Cepaea nemoralis'']], ''[[Zebrina detrita]]'' and ''[[Fruticicola fruticum|Futicicola fruticum]]'', once also found in a small shell of ''[[Helix pomatia]]''. The building material used is chewed plant parts (plant mortar) from the edges of the leaves of ''[[Sanguisorba minor]]'' and ''[[Potentilla reptans]]'' and not, as previously suspected due to a misinterpretation, hare or sheep dung.<ref name=":0"/> In contrast to other snail shell nests, the surface of the snail shell is not covered with vegetable mortar. After completing the nest, the bee turns the entrance of the snail shell downwards so that the opening points downwards.<ref name=":1"/> |
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[[Stelis odontopyga |
''[[Stelis odontopyga]]'' is a cuckoo bee parasiting ''Osmia spinulosa.''<ref name=":0"/> Other known parasites are ''[[Stelis phaeoptera]], [[Chrysura cuprea]], [[Chrysura dichroa]]'' and ''[[Chrysura trimaculata]]'', as well as ''[[Melittobia acasta]], [[Pteromalus apum]]'' and ''[[Pteromalus venustus]]''. ''[[Anthrax aethiops]]'' became known as a further breeding parasite.<ref name=":1"/> |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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Diminutive from Latin "spinosa" = "thorny, prickly"; because of the thorny scutellum.<ref name=":1" |
Diminutive from Latin "spinosa" = "thorny, prickly"; because of the thorny scutellum.<ref name=":1"/> |
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== Taxonomy == |
== Taxonomy == |
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Subgenus Hoplosmia THOMSON, 1872.<ref name=":1" /> |
Subgenus ''Hoplosmia'' THOMSON, 1872.<ref name=":1" /> |
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Synonyms: ''Anthocopa spinulosa'' (KIRBY, 1802); ''Hoplosmia spinulosa'' (KIRBY, 1802).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Erwin.|first=Scheuchl,|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1041414212|title=Taschenlexikon der Wildbienen Mitteleuropas : alle Arten im Porträt|isbn=978-3-494-01653-5|oclc=1041414212}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Insect-stub}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q4845402}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4845402}} |
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{{Improve categories|date=December 2021}} |
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[[Category:Osmia|spinulosa]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:43, 21 March 2023
| Osmia spinulosa | |
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| Spined Mason Bee (Osmia spinulosa), Freising, Germany, June 2021 | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | Osmia |
| Species: | O. spinulosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Osmia spinulosa (Kirby, 1802)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Osmia spinulosa, also known as the spined mason bee, is a species of bees within the genus Osmia.[2][1]
Description[edit]
7–8 mm. Males: Tergite 15 with terminal ligaments, Tergite 7 with a thorn. To be recognized in the field with experience. Females: Tergites 1-6 with terminal ligaments. Scutellum laterally with a pointed thorn each. Tibial spur red.[3]
Range[edit]
Osmia spinulosa is distributed from the Spanish foothills of the Pyrenees (Girona) across Europe, Asia Minor, Caucasus and western Central Asia to the Central Siberian mountains (Tomsk, Kemerovo, Altai Republic); north to South Wales and Central England, in Scandinavia to 60 ° N in Norway and Sweden, in Russia to Kirov and Perm; south to Sicily and southern Bulgaria. Detected from all federal states in Germany with the exception of Schleswig-Holstein.[4] Widespread in Germany, but only sporadically in the North German lowlands. Moderately frequent, especially in the hill country and in the limestone low mountain ranges. In the Alps up to 2000 m.[3] Reported in Austria from all federal states. Currently in Switzerland, partly also historically from the cantons of Geneva, Neuchâtel, Bern, Basel, Schaffhausen, Valais, Graubünden and St. Gallen, only historically from the canton of Vaud.[4]
Habitat[edit]
Mainly settlements with focus on dry, warm habitats on calcareous subsoil. It occurs on inland dunes and drifting sand fields, weathering heaps, disused quarries, fallow sheep pastures (juniper heaths), warm forest fringes, structurally rich, old fallow vineyards, uneven meadows, rarely dry and warm ruderal areas.[3]
Ecology[edit]
Osmia spinulosa is an univoltin species. It flies from early June to mid-August and is wintering as a resting larva (?) in a snail shell.[3]
Osmia spinulosa is an oligolectic species specializing in Asteraceae. A preference for certain species is not discernible. Pollen sources are Anthemis tinctoria, Anthemis arvensis, Inula hirta, Inula salicina, Inula ensifolia, Buphthalmum salicifolium, Pulicaria dysenterica, Aster amellus, Senecio jacobaea, Echinops spaerocephalus, Cirsium vulgare, Cirsium arvense, Carduus crisous, Cichorium intybus, Picris hieracioides, Leontodon autumnalis, Hieracium pilosella. Telekia speciosa and Calendula officinalis are also used in the Munich Botanical Garden. Buphthalmum is of great importance as a source of pollen in the limestone mountains. The females do not visit the same flowers all the time; during one flight they regularly visit up to four different asteraceae (e.g. Hieracium / Centaurea / Anthemis / Echinops). The plant species mentioned can also serve as sources of nectar.[3]
This bee nests in empty smaller snail shells like Helicella itala and Helicella obvia, Cepaea nemoralis, Zebrina detrita and Futicicola fruticum, once also found in a small shell of Helix pomatia. The building material used is chewed plant parts (plant mortar) from the edges of the leaves of Sanguisorba minor and Potentilla reptans and not, as previously suspected due to a misinterpretation, hare or sheep dung.[3] In contrast to other snail shell nests, the surface of the snail shell is not covered with vegetable mortar. After completing the nest, the bee turns the entrance of the snail shell downwards so that the opening points downwards.[4]
Stelis odontopyga is a cuckoo bee parasiting Osmia spinulosa.[3] Other known parasites are Stelis phaeoptera, Chrysura cuprea, Chrysura dichroa and Chrysura trimaculata, as well as Melittobia acasta, Pteromalus apum and Pteromalus venustus. Anthrax aethiops became known as a further breeding parasite.[4]
Etymology[edit]
Diminutive from Latin "spinosa" = "thorny, prickly"; because of the thorny scutellum.[4]
Taxonomy[edit]
Subgenus Hoplosmia THOMSON, 1872.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Osmia spinulosa". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
- ^ Citizen science observations for Osmia spinulosa at iNaturalist
- ^ a b c d e f g Westrich, Paul 1947- (2019). Die Wildbienen Deutschlands. ISBN 978-3-8186-0881-1. OCLC 1190164412.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f Erwin., Scheuchl (2016). Taschenlexikon der Wildbienen Mitteleuropas : alle Arten im Porträt. ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5. OCLC 1041414212.
 | This article needs additional or more specific categories. (December 2021) |