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Of the 163 species currently assigned to ''Vachellia'', 52 are native to the [[Americas]], 83 to [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]] and the [[Mascarene Islands]], 32 to [[Asia]] and 9 to [[Australia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]].<ref name=thiel>{{cite journal | author = Thiele KR. | title = The controversy over the retypification of ''Acacia'' <small>Mill.</small> with an Australian type: A pragmatic view | journal = [[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] | year = 2011 | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 194–198 | url = http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_pragm.pdf | jstor = 41059833| doi = 10.1002/tax.601017 }}</ref> ''Vachellia'' comprises the following species:<ref name="Seigler">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, Ebinger JE | title = New combinations in the genus ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World | journal = Phytologia | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–78 | year = 2005 | url = http://biostor.org/reference/63157}}</ref><ref name="Kyalangalilwa">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M | title = Phylogenetic position and revised classification of ''Acacia s.l.'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in ''Vachellia'' and ''Senegalia''. | journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 172 | issue = 4 | pages = 500–523 | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1111/boj.12047 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Seigler2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, Ebinger JE | title = New combinations in ''Senegalia'' and ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) | journal = Phytologia | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–95 | year = 2010 | url = http://www.phytologia.org/uploads/2/3/4/2/23422706/92192-95seaglernewcombinations.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Maslin">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maslin BR, Seigler DS, Ebinger J | title = New combinations in ''Senegalia and Vachellia'' (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China. | journal = Blumea | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–44 | year = 2013 | doi = 10.3767/000651913X669914| url = http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524646 }}</ref><ref name="Clarke">{{cite journal |vauthors=Clarke HD, Seigler DS, Ebinger JE | title = Taxonomic Revision of the ''Vachellia acuifera'' Species Group (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Caribbean | journal = [[Systematic Botany]] | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 84–101 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1600/036364409787602285| s2cid = 86066178 }}</ref><ref name="WorldWideWattle">{{cite web | url = http://www.worldwidewattle.com/speciesgallery/home.php | title = List of ''Acacia sensu lato'' species | author = Maslin B | website = World Wide Wattle | access-date = 4 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="Kodela">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kodela PG, Wilson PG | title = New combinations in the genus ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Australia | journal = [[Telopea (journal)|Telopea]] | volume = 11 | issue = 2| pages = 233–244 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.7751/telopea20065723| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Ali SI. | year = 2014 | title = The Genus ''Acacia s.l.'' in Pakistan | journal = [[Pakistan Journal of Botany|Pak J Bot]] | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–4 | url = https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/46(1)/01.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | authors = Boatwright JS, Maurin O, van der Bank M. | year = 2015 | title = Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of ''Acacia s.l.'' and new combinations in ''Senegalia'' and ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae) | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 179 | issue = 2 | pages = 288–294 | doi = 10.1111/boj.12320| doi-access = free }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=300px}}
* ''[[Vachellia abyssinica]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flat—flat Toptop Acaciaacacia
** subsp. ''abyssinica'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''calophylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia acuifera]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bahama Acaciaacacia, Cassipcassip, Porkpork-and-doughboy, (''Bahamas'') Rosewoodrosewood
* ''[[Vachellia albicortata]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia allenii]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Allen Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia amythethophylla]]'' <small>(Steud. ex A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ancistroclada]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia anegadensis]]'' <small>(Britton) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Anegada Acaciaacacia, Blackbrushblackbrush-wattle, Pokemeboypokemeboy
* ''[[Vachellia antunesii]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sand—sand Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia aroma]]'' <small>(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** [[Vachellia aroma var. aroma|var. ''aroma'']] <small>Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.</small>
Line 68:
* ''[[Vachellia barahonensis]]'' <small>(Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bavazzanoi]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia belairoidesbelairioides]]'' <small>(Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bellair Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia bellula]]'' <small>(Drake) Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia biaciculata]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Corkwood—corkwood wattle, Dogwooddogwood
* ''[[Vachellia bidwillii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood—corkwood Wattlewattle, Dogwooddogwood. "'Waneu', of the aboriginals of Central Queensland ; 'Yadthor', of those of the Cloncurry River, Northern Queensland."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maiden |first1=J. H. |author-link1=Joseph Maiden |title=The Useful Native Plants of Australia (including Tasmania) |date=1889 |publisher=Turner and Henderson |location=Sydney |page=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45057#page/21/mode/1up 3]}}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia bilimekii]]'' <small>(J. Macbr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bolei]]'' (<small>R.P. Subhedar</small>) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin<ref>{{cite journal | author = Maslin BR. | year = 2014 | title = ''Vachellia bolei'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), the correct name for a species from India | journal = [[Nuytsia (journal)|Nuytsia]] | volume = 24 | pages = 21–22 | url = https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/science/nuytsia/708.pdf}}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sticky—sticky Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia brandegeana]]'' <small>(I. M. Johnst.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Baja California Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia bravoensis]]'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bricchettiana]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bucheri]]'' <small>(Marie-Victorín) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bucher Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia bullockii]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''bullockii'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
Line 85:
* ''[[Vachellia bussei]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia californica]]'' <small>(Brandegee) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia campechiana]]'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Boatthorn—boatthorn Acaciaacacia, Spoonspoon-thorn Acaciaacacia
** f. ''campechiana'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** f. ''houghii'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
Line 95:
** [[Vachellia caven var. stenocarpa|var. ''stenocarpa '']] <small>(Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia cernua]]'' <small>(Thulin & Hassan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia chiapensis]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Chiapas Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia choriophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cinnecord—cinnecord Acaciaacacia, Florida Acaciaacacia, (''Bahamas'') Cinnecordcinnecord
* ''[[Vachellia clarksoniana]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia collinsii]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Collins Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia constricta]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Whitethorn Acaciaacacia, Mescat Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia cookii]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cook Acaciaacacia, Cockspurcockspur Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia cornigera]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bullhorn—bullhorn Wattlewattle, Bullbull's-horn Acaciaacacia, Bullbull-horn Thornthorn, Oxhornoxhorn Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia cucuyo]]'' <small>(Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cucuyo Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia curvifructa]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia daemon]]'' <small>(Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Camagüey Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' <small>(N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Corky—corky-bark acacia
<!-- Vachellia densiflora was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
* ''[[Vachellia ditricha]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia dolichocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia douglasica]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—Whistling—whistling Thornthorn
* ''[[Vachellia dyeri]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>
* ''[[Vachellia eburnea]]'' <small>(L.f.) P. Hurter & Mabb.</small>
Line 118:
** subsp. ''elatior'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''turkanae'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia erioloba]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—Camel—camel Thornthorn (''Kameeldoring'')
* ''[[Vachellia erythrophloea]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia etbaica]]'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Savannah—savannah thorn
** subsp. ''australis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''etbaica'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''platycarpa'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''uncinata'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flaky—flaky-bark acacia
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small>—Huisache—huisache
** [[Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana|var. ''farnesiana'']] <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small>
** var. ''guanacastensis'' <small>(H.D.Clarke ''et al''.) Wight & Arn.</small>
** var. ''minuta'' <small>(M.E.Jones) Wight & Arn.</small>
** var. ''pinetorum'' <small>(F.J.Herm.) Wight & Arn.</small>—Pineland—pineland wattle
* ''[[Vachellia fischeri]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flat—flat-topped thorn
* ''[[Vachellia flava]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia gentlei]]'' <small>(Standley) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Gentle—gentle Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia gerrardii]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—Red—red Acaciaacacia
** var. ''calvescens'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter</small>
** var. ''gerrardii'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>
** var. ''latisiliqua'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter</small>
* ''[[Vachellia glandulifera]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia globulifera]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Globular—globular Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]'' <small>(Gerstner) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Horned—horned-thorn Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia guanacastensis]]'' <small>(Clark, Seigler, & Ebinger) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia gummifera]]'' <small>(Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Gum—gum-bearing Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' <small>(Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Gray—gray camel thorn, Giraffegiraffe thorn<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web |url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |title=Protected Trees |date=3 May 2013 |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2010 }}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia harmandiana]]'' <small>(Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Candle—candle-pod Acaciaacacia
** subsp. ''chobiensis'' <small>(O.B.Miller) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''hebeclada'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''tristis'' <small>(A.Schreiber) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia hindsii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Hinds Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia hockii]]'' <small>(De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Long—long Whitewhite-galled Acaciaacacia
** subsp. ''benadirensis'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''horrida'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
Line 158:
* ''[[Vachellia insulae-iacobi]]'' <small>(L. Riley) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
<!-- Vachellia insularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
* ''[[Vachellia jacquemontii]]'' (<small>Benth.</small>) Ali—Baonḷīali—baonḷī, Raatiraati-banwali
* ''[[Vachellia janzenii]]'' <small>(Ebinger & Seigler) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Janzen Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia karroo]]'' <small>(Hayne) Banfi & Galasso</small>—Karroo Bush<ref name=wr1>Taxon in the ''V. karroo'' complex, see: {{cite web|last1=Roland |first1=Dr. Wolf-Achim |title=The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014 |url=http://www.acacia-world.net/index.php/africa-me/south-africa/the-vachellia-karroo-complex |website=Acacia World |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia kingii]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia kirkii]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flood—flood plain acacia
** subsp. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
*** var. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
Line 168:
** subsp. ''mildbraedii'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia koltermanii]]'' <small>R. García, M. Mejía, Ebinger, & Seigler</small><ref name="García">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE | title = A new species of ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti | journal = Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45 | year = 2012 | url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160301230142/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2016-03-01 }}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw. ex Coates Palgr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Dune—dune acacia, Dunedune sweet-thorn
* ''[[Vachellia lahai]]'' <small>(Steud. & Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Red—red-thorn acacia
* ''[[Vachellia lasiopetala]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia latispina]]'' <small>(J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia leucophloea]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pilang—pilang
** var. ''leucophloea'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** var. ''microcephala'' <small>(Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia leucospira]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia luederitzii]]'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Bastard—bastard umbrella thorn
** var. ''luederitzii'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Kalahari-sand acacia
** var. ''retinens'' <small>(Sim) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Balloon—balloon-thorn acacia
<!-- Vachellia lutea was reclassified as Vachellia aroma and Vachellia macracantha. -->
* ''[[Vachellia macracantha]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Longspine—longspine Acaciaacacia, French Cashacasha, Longlong-spine Acaciaacacia, Porknutporknut, Cambróncambrón, Longlong-spined Acaciaacacia, (''Jamaica'') Parknutparknut, (''Virgin Islands'') Wildwild Tamarindtamarind, (''Netherlands Antilles'') Creole Cashacasha, Spanish Cashacasha, Steelsteel Acaciaacacia, (''Virgin Islands'') Stinkstink Cashacasha, Strinkstrink Cashacasha
* ''[[Vachellia macrothyrsa]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia malacocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Black—black-galled Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia mayana]]'' <small>(Lundell) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Maya Acacia
<!-- Vachellia mbuluënsis is an alternative spelling of Vachellia mbuluensis. -->
* ''[[Vachellia mbuluensis]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Hairy—hairy-galled Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia melanoceras]]'' <small>(Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Blackthorn—blackthorn Acaciaacacia, Bullhornbullhorn Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia montana]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia myaingii]]'' <small>(Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia myrmecophila]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Pale—pale-bark acacia, Palepale-bark sweet thorn<!-- Vachellia natalitia may be a synonym of Vachellia karroo. -->
* ''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Water—water acacia, Waterwater thorn
* ''[[Vachellia negrii]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
*''[[Vachellia nilotica]]'' <small>(L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small>—Scented—scented-pod Acaciaacacia, Gumgum Arabic Treetree, Babulbabul, Amrad Gumgum, Thornythorny Mimosamimosa of India
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. adstringens|subsp. ''adstringens'']] <small>(Schumach. & Thonn.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis|subsp. ''cupressiformis'']] <small>(J.L.Stewart) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small>
Line 209:
** var. ''oerfota'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia origena]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' <small>(P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Leolo Thornthorn
* ''[[Vachellia oviedoensis]]'' <small>(R. García & M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pacensis]]'' <small>(Rudd & Carter) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
Line 220:
** subsp. ''paucijuga'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia peninsularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
* ''[[Vachellia pennatula]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Feather—feather Acaciaacacia
** var. ''parvicephala'' <small>Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** var. ''pennatula'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Slender—slender Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia pilispina]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Mpande—mpande
* ''[[Vachellia polypyrigenes]]'' <small>(Greenm.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia prasinata]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pringlei]]'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pringle Acaciaacacia
** var. ''californica'' <small></small>—California Pringle acacia
** var. ''pringlei'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Typical—typical Pringle acacia
<!-- Vachellia pseudoeburnea was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. -->
* ''[[Vachellia pseudofistula]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Ant—ant-galled Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia qandalensis]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia quintanilhae]]'' <small>(Torre) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia reficiens]]'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Red—red-bark Acaciaacacia
** subsp. ''misera'' <small>(Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''reficiens'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Silky—silky Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia rigidula]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Blackbrush—blackbrush Acaciaacacia, Blackbrushblackbrush
* ''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Sekhukhune acacia
* ''[[Vachellia robusta]]'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Splendid—splendid Acaciaacacia
** subsp. ''clavigera'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—River—river acacia
** subsp. ''robusta'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Robust—robust acacia
** subsp. ''usambarensis'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia roigi is a mispelling of Vachellia roigii. -->
* ''[[Vachellia roigii]]'' <small>(Léon) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roig Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia rorudiana]]'' <small>(Christopherson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Galapagos acacia
* ''[[Vachellia ruddiae]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Rudd Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia schaffneri]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schaffner's Wattlewattle, Twistedtwisted Acaciaacacia
** var. ''bravoensis'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** var. ''schaffneri'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia schottii]]'' <small>(Torr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schott's Wattlewattle
* ''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' <small>(P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sekhukhune thorn
* ''[[Vachellia seyal]]'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—White—white Whistlingwhistling Thornthorn
** var. ''fistula'' <small>(Schweinf.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>
** var. ''seyal'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H. Hurter</small>
* ''[[Vachellia siamensis]]'' <small>(Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia sieberiana]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Paperbark—paperbark Acaciaacacia, Paperbarkpaperbark Thornthorn
** var. ''sieberiana'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''villosa'' <small>(A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''woodii'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia sphaerocephala]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roundhead—roundhead Acaciaacacia, Beebee Wattlewattle
* ''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Olive—olive-barked Thornthorn, Vleivlei Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia suberosa]]'' <small>(A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkybark—corkybark Wattlewattle
* ''[[Vachellia sutherlandii]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood—corkwood Wattlewattle
* ''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Swazi Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Turf—turf Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia tephrophylla]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw.) Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Slender—slender Mountainmountain Thornthorn
* ''[[Vachellia tomentosa]]'' <small>(Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Klampis—klampis
* ''[[Vachellia torrei]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Mozambique Stickysticky Thornthorn
* ''[[Vachellia tortilis]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small>—Umbrella—umbrella Thornthorn, Umbrellaumbrella Acaciaacacia
** subsp. ''heteracantha'' <small>(Burch.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
** subsp. ''raddiana'' <small>(Savi) Galasso & Banfi</small>
Line 280:
*** var. ''spirocarpa'' <small>(Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
** subsp. ''tortilis'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
* ''[[Vachellia tortuosa]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Twisted—twisted Acaciaacacia, Acaciaacacia Bushbush, Casiacasia, Catclawcatclaw, Dutch Cashacasha, Huisachillohuisachillo, Rio Grande Acaciaacacia, Sweetsweet Briarbriar, Sweetsweet-briar, Wildwild Poponaxpoponax
* ''[[Vachellia turnbulliana]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Velvet—velvet Podpod Acaciaacacia
* ''[[Vachellia valida]]'' <small>(Tindale & Kodela) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia vernicosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Viscid—viscid Acaciaacacia<!-- Vachellia neovernicosa? -->
* ''[[Vachellia viguieri]]'' <small>(Villiers & Du Puy) Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia villaregalis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia walwalensis]]'' <small>(Gilliland) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia wightii was reclassified as Vachellia bolei. -->
* ''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—Fever—fever tree
* ''[[Vachellia zanzibarica]]'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Coastal—coastal Whistlingwhistling Thornthorn
** var. ''microphylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''zanzibarica'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>

Revision as of 03:42, 23 February 2021

Vachellia
Vachellia farnesiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Vachellia
Wight & Arn.
Type species
Vachellia farnesiana
(L.) Wight & Arn.
Species

147; see text.

World map showing Vachellia species occurring through out the tropics
The original range of the genus Vachellia. Today it is also found in most Mediterranean countries.
Synonyms[1]
  • Acacia subg. Acacia Vassal, nom. illeg.
  • Acaciopsis Britton & Rose
  • Aldina E.Mey.
  • Bahamia Britton & Rose
  • Delaportea Gagnepain
  • Farnesia Gasparrini
  • Feracacia Britton & Rose
  • Fishlockia Britton & Rose
  • Gumifera Raf.
  • Lucaya Britton & Rose
  • Myrmecodendron Britton & Rose
  • Nimiria Craib
  • Pithecodendron Speg.
  • Poponax Raf.
  • Protoacacia Mill.
  • Tauroceras Britton & Rose

Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or acacias. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus Acacia until 2009.[2][3] Vachellia can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate inflorescences and spinescent stipules.[4] Before discovery of the New World, Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of Vachellia, which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans.[5]

The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant.[6] In parts of Africa, Vachellia species are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as gazelle, gerenuk, and giraffe. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory.[7]

Nomenclature

By 2005, it had become clear that Acacia sensu lato needed to be split into at least five separate genera. The ICN dictated that under these circumstances, the name of Acacia should remain with the original type, which was Acacia nilotica.[1] However, that year the General Committee of the IBC decided that Acacia should be given a new type (Acacia verticillatum) so that the ~900 species of Australian acacias would not need to be renamed Racosperma. This decision was opposed by 54.9% or 247 representatives at its 2005 congress, while 45.1% or 203 votes were cast in favor. However, since a 60% vote was required to override the committee, the decision was carried, and a nom. cons. propositum was listed in Appendix III (p. 286).[8][9] The 2011 congress voted 373 to 172 to uphold the 2005 decision, which means that the name Acacia and a new type follow the majority of the species in Acacia sensu lato, rather than this genus.[10] However, some members of the botanical community remain dissatisfied.[11]

Description

The members of Vachellia are trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, and are always armed. Younger plants, especially, are armed with spines which are modified stipules, situated near the leaf bases. Some (cf. V. tortilis, Vachellia hebeclada [Wikidata], V. luederitzii and V. reficiens) are also armed with paired, recurved prickles (in addition to the spines).[12] The leaves are alternate and bipinnately arranged, and their pinnae are usually opposite. The racemose inflorescences usually grow from the leaf axils. The yellow or creamy white flowers are produced in spherical heads, or seldom in elongate spikes, which is the general rule in the related genus Senegalia. The flowers are typically bisexual with numerous stamens, but unisexual flowers have been noted in V. nilotica (cf. Sinha, 1971).[13] The calyx and corolla are usually 4 to 5-lobed. Glands are usually present on the rachis and the upper side of the petiole. The seed pod may be straight, curved or curled, and either dehiscent or indehiscent.[12]

  • V. vernicosa, or "viscid acacia", in habitat, Far West Texas
    V. vernicosa, or "viscid acacia", in habitat, Far West Texas
  • V. vernicosa, detail of inflorescence
    V. vernicosa, detail of inflorescence

Species list

Of the 163 species currently assigned to Vachellia, 52 are native to the Americas, 83 to Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, 32 to Asia and 9 to Australia and the Pacific Islands.[14] Vachellia comprises the following species:[15][2][16][17][3][18][19][20][21]

Incertae sedis

These species are suspected to belong to Vachellia, but have not been formally transferred.[18]

Hybrids

  • Vachellia × cedilloi (Rico Arce) Seigler & Ebinger
  • Vachellia campechiana × pennatula
  • Vachellia erioloba × haematoxylon
  • Vachellia × gladiata (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger
  • Vachellia kirkii × seyal
  • Vachellia macracantha × pennatula
  • Vachellia seyal var. fistula × xanthophloea
  • Vachellia × standleyi (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger

References

  1. ^ a b Maslin, B. R.; Orchard, A. E.; West, J. G. "Nomenclatural and classification history of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), and the implications of generic subdivision" (PDF). worldwidewattle.com. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  2. ^ a b Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M (2013). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047.
  3. ^ a b Clarke HD, Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2009). "Taxonomic Revision of the Vachellia acuifera Species Group (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Caribbean". Systematic Botany. 34 (1): 84–101. doi:10.1600/036364409787602285. S2CID 86066178.
  4. ^ Dyer C. (2014). "New names for the African Acacia species in Vachellia and Senegalia". Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science. 76 (4): iii. doi:10.2989/20702620.2014.980090.
  5. ^ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida ethnobotany Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona: with more than 500 species illustrated by Penelope N. Honychurch ... [et al.] Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9780203491881.
  6. ^ Shorrocks, Bryan; Bates, William (2014). The Biology of African Savannahs (Biology of Habitats Series ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 231–233. ISBN 978-0198702702.
  7. ^ Chidumayo, Emmanuel N.; Gumbo, Davison J. (2010). The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 9781136531378.
  8. ^ Corder, Hugh; Glazewski, Jan; Bleazard, Janice (2009). A Rose is a Rose but is an 'Acacia' an 'Acacia'? Global administrative law: development and innovation. Cape Town: Juta. ISBN 9780702181900.
  9. ^ Moore, Gerry; Smith, Gideon F.; Figueiredo, Estrela; Demissew, Sebsebe; Lewis, Gwilym; Schrire, Brian; Rico, Lourdes; van Wyk, Abraham E.; Luckow, Melissa; Kiesling, Roberto; Sousa, Mario (June 2011). "The Acacia controversy resulting from minority rule at the Vienna Nomenclature Section: Much more than arcane arguments and complex technicalities" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (3): 852–857. doi:10.1002/tax.603017. hdl:2263/17167. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  10. ^ "The Acacia debate" (PDF). IBC2011 Congress News. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  11. ^ "Conserving Acacia Mill. with a conserved type: What happened in Melbourne?" (PDF). Taxon. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  12. ^ a b Hyde, Mark; et al. "3446.000 Acacia Mill.—Thorn trees". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  13. ^ "Handbook on seeds of dry-zone acacias, 3. Reproductive biology". fao.org. FAO Corporate Document Repository: Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  14. ^ Thiele KR. (2011). "The controversy over the retypification of Acacia Mill. with an Australian type: A pragmatic view" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (1): 194–198. doi:10.1002/tax.601017. JSTOR 41059833.
  15. ^ Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2005). "New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World". Phytologia. 87 (3): 139–78.
  16. ^ Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2010). "New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)" (PDF). Phytologia. 92 (1): 92–95.
  17. ^ Maslin BR, Seigler DS, Ebinger J (2013). "New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China". Blumea. 58 (1): 39–44. doi:10.3767/000651913X669914.
  18. ^ a b Maslin B. "List of Acacia sensu lato species". World Wide Wattle. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  19. ^ Kodela PG, Wilson PG (2006). "New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Australia". Telopea. 11 (2): 233–244. doi:10.7751/telopea20065723.
  20. ^ Ali SI. (2014). "The Genus Acacia s.l. in Pakistan" (PDF). Pak J Bot. 46 (1): 1–4.
  21. ^ "Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of Acacia s.l. and new combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae)". Bot J Linn Soc. 179 (2): 288–294. 2015. doi:10.1111/boj.12320. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  22. ^ Maiden, J. H. (1889). The Useful Native Plants of Australia (including Tasmania). Sydney: Turner and Henderson. p. 3.
  23. ^ Maslin BR. (2014). "Vachellia bolei (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), the correct name for a species from India" (PDF). Nuytsia. 24: 21–22.
  24. ^ a b c d e f Taxon in the V. karroo complex, see: Roland, Dr. Wolf-Achim. "The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014". Acacia World. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  25. ^ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
  26. ^ Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE (2012). "A new species of Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 6 (1): 45. Archived from the original on 2016-03-01.
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