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==Description==
==Description==
''E. philadelphicus'' is a [[herbaceous plant]] with [[Leaf shape|alternate, simple]] [[leaves]], on hairy stems. The [[flower heads]] are borne in spring in arrays of as many as 35 heads. Each head may sometimes contain as many as 400 pink or white [[ray florets]] surrounding numerous yellow [[disc floret]]s. The blooms are less than {{Convert|2.5|cm|abbr=off|frac=2}} in diameter. The stem is hairy with rough hairs. The middle to lower leaves are heart shaped, and the plant is about {{Convert|15-76|cm|ft|abbr=on|frac=2}} tall. Its active growth period is from spring to summer (April to July).<ref name=":0">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416506 Flora of North America, ''Erigeron philadelphicus'' Linnaeus, 1753. Philadelphia fleabane, vergerette de Philadelphie ]</ref><ref name=":1">Dickinson, T.; Metsger, G.; Hull, J.; and Dickinson, R. (2004) ''The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario''. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p.&nbsp;163.</ref>
''E. philadelphicus'' is a [[herbaceous plant]] growing to about {{Convert|15-76|cm|ft|abbr=off|frac=2}} tall. The [[leaves]] are [[Leaf shape|alternate, simple]] and up to {{Convert|15|cm|abbr=off|frac=4}} long,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Spellenberg |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00spel/page/372/ |title=National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region |publisher=Knopf |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-375-40233-3 |edition=rev |pages=372 |orig-date=1979}}</ref> on hairy stems. The middle to lower leaves are heart shaped. The [[flower heads]] are borne in spring in arrays of as many as 35 heads. Each head may sometimes contain as many as 400 pink or white [[ray florets]] surrounding numerous yellow [[disc floret]]s. The blooms are less than {{Convert|2.5|cm|abbr=on|frac=2}} in diameter. The stem is hairy with rough hairs. Its active growth period is from spring to summer (April to July),<ref name=":0">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416506 Flora of North America, ''Erigeron philadelphicus'' Linnaeus, 1753. Philadelphia fleabane, vergerette de Philadelphie ]</ref><ref name=":1">Dickinson, T.; Metsger, G.; Hull, J.; and Dickinson, R. (2004) ''The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario''. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p.&nbsp;163.</ref> with flowers until September.<ref name=":2" />


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==Varieties==
==Taxonomy==

=== Varieties ===
*''Erigeron philadelphicus'' var. ''glaber'' <small>J.K.Henry</small> - [[British Columbia]]
*''Erigeron philadelphicus'' var. ''glaber'' <small>J.K.Henry</small> - [[British Columbia]]
*''Erigeron philadelphicus'' Linnaeus var. ''philadelphicus'' - most of species range
*''Erigeron philadelphicus'' Linnaeus var. ''philadelphicus'' - most of species range
*''Erigeron philadelphicus'' var. ''provancheri'' <small>(Victorin & J. Rousseau) B. Boivin</small> - [[Ontario]], [[Québec]]; [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Vermont]]
*''Erigeron philadelphicus'' var. ''provancheri'' <small>(Victorin & J. Rousseau) B. Boivin</small> - [[Ontario]], [[Québec]]; [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Vermont]]

=== Etymology ===
The [[common name]] fleabane refers to the antiquated belief that the plants were repellant to fleas.<ref name=":2" />


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
The plant is native to North America and found in nearly all of the United States and Canada.<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Erigeron%20philadelphicus.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map]</ref> It has also been introduced into Europe and Asia, considered an [[invasive weed]] in many places.<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=erigeron+philadelphicus Altervista Flora Italiana, Cespica di Philadelfia ''Erigeron philadelphicus'' L.] includes photos and line drawings</ref> It grows on roadsides, in fields, in thickets, and in open woods.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
The plant is native to North America and found in nearly all of the United States and Canada.<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Erigeron%20philadelphicus.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map]</ref> It has also been introduced into Europe and Asia, considered an [[invasive weed]] in many places.<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=erigeron+philadelphicus Altervista Flora Italiana, Cespica di Philadelfia ''Erigeron philadelphicus'' L.] includes photos and line drawings</ref> It grows on roadsides, in fields, in thickets, and in open woods.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It benefits from moisture and some shade, as well as disturbances.<ref name=":2" />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 22:00, 22 July 2022

Philadelphia fleabane
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Erigeron
Species:
E. philadelphicus
Binomial name
Erigeron philadelphicus
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Erigeron purpureus Aiton
  • Tessenia philadelphica (L.) Lunell
  • Erigeron provancheri Vict. & J.Rousseau, syn of var. provancheri

Erigeron philadelphicus, the Philadelphia fleabane, is a plant in the family Asteraceae. Also known as common fleabane, daisy fleabane, frost-root, marsh fleabane, poor robin's plantain, skervish,[3] and in the British Isles as robin's-plantain.[4] It is native to North America and has been introduced to Eurasia.

Description

E. philadelphicus is a herbaceous plant growing to about 15–76 centimetres (1⁄2–2+1⁄2 feet) tall. The leaves are alternate, simple and up to 15 centimetres (6 inches) long,[5] on hairy stems. The middle to lower leaves are heart shaped. The flower heads are borne in spring in arrays of as many as 35 heads. Each head may sometimes contain as many as 400 pink or white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The blooms are less than 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter. The stem is hairy with rough hairs. Its active growth period is from spring to summer (April to July),[6][7] with flowers until September.[5]

  • Flower heads and buds
    Flower heads and buds
  • Close-up of flower heads & buds
    Close-up of flower heads & buds
  • Flower heads
    Flower heads

Taxonomy

Varieties

  • Erigeron philadelphicus var. glaber J.K.Henry - British Columbia
  • Erigeron philadelphicus Linnaeus var. philadelphicus - most of species range
  • Erigeron philadelphicus var. provancheri (Victorin & J. Rousseau) B. Boivin - Ontario, Québec; New York, Vermont

Etymology

The common name fleabane refers to the antiquated belief that the plants were repellant to fleas.[5]

Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to North America and found in nearly all of the United States and Canada.[8] It has also been introduced into Europe and Asia, considered an invasive weed in many places.[9] It grows on roadsides, in fields, in thickets, and in open woods.[6][7] It benefits from moisture and some shade, as well as disturbances.[5]

References

  1. ^ The Plant List, Erigeron philadelphicus L.
  2. ^ Tropicos, Erigeron philadelphicus L.
  3. ^ Erigeron philadelphicus. United States Department of Agriculture NRCS Plant Guide.
  4. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  5. ^ a b c d Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
  6. ^ a b Flora of North America, Erigeron philadelphicus Linnaeus, 1753. Philadelphia fleabane, vergerette de Philadelphie
  7. ^ a b Dickinson, T.; Metsger, G.; Hull, J.; and Dickinson, R. (2004) The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 163.
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  9. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Cespica di Philadelfia Erigeron philadelphicus L. includes photos and line drawings

External links


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