Lauxanioidea: Difference between revisions
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The '''Lauxanioidea''' are a [[Family (biology)|superfamily]] of [[Fly|flies]] that includes the two large families, the [[Lauxaniidae]] and [[Chamaemyiidae]], and the small family [[Celyphidae]]. Generally, they are small to medium, densely populated, coloured flies. The Chamaemyiidae |
The '''Lauxanioidea''' are a [[Family (biology)|superfamily]] of [[Fly|flies]] that includes the two large families, the [[Lauxaniidae]] and [[Chamaemyiidae]], and the small family [[Celyphidae]]. Generally, they are small to medium, densely populated, coloured flies. The Chamaemyiidae live as parasites on insects. The family Celyphidae look like beetles. |
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Some authors also recognize the family Cremifaniidae, but most place this in the Chamaemyiidae. |
Some authors also recognize the family Cremifaniidae, but most place this in the Chamaemyiidae. |
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== Description == |
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The superfamily has three [[Apomorphy and synapomorphy|synapomorphies]] (features present in all members due to a common ancestor): convergent postocellar bristles, an abbreviated anal vein in the wing, and fusion of male abdominal [[Tergum|tergites]] 7 and 8.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yeates |first=David K. |last2=Wiegmann |first2=Brian M. |last3=Courtney |first3=Greg W. |last4=Meier |first4=Rudolf |last5=Lambkin |first5=Christine |last6=Pape |first6=Thomas |date=2007-12-21 |title=Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: Two decades of progress and prospects* |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1668.1.27 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1668 |issue=1 |pages=565–590 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.27 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref> |
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Within the superfamily, Celyphidae can be distinguished from other families by their [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|scutellum]], which is shiny, enlarged and covers most of the abdomen, similar to a beetle's [[Elytron|elytra]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Xuankun |last2=Li |first2=Wenliang |last3=Ding |first3=Shuangmei |last4=Cameron |first4=Stephen |last5=Mao |first5=Meng |last6=Shi |first6=Li |last7=Yang |first7=Ding |date=2017-04-14 |title=Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Phylogeny of Lauxanioidea (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) |url=http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/4/773 |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |language=en |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=773 |doi=10.3390/ijms18040773 |issn=1422-0067 |pmc=PMC5412357 |pmid=28420076}}</ref> Lauxaniidae are yellowish-brown or black, usually have iridescent reddish/purplish or greenish eyes, and the wings are sometimes patterned.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Family Lauxaniidae |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/7021 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> Chamaemyiidae are usually silvery gray with black spots, sometimes shiny and black.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Family Chamaemyiidae |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/25343 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> |
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== Ecology == |
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Larvae of most Lauxaniidae and Celyphidae feed on decaying vegetation.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Some species of Lauxaniidae only occur in bird nests.<ref name=":0" /> Adult lauxaniids may visit flowers.<ref name=":1" /> Larvae of all known Chamaemyiidae have a rather different lifestyle, being predators of aphids and scale insects.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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== Phylogeny == |
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A 2017 phylogenetic analysis using [[Mitochondrial DNA|mitochondrial genomes]] confirmed the [[monophyly]] of Lauxaniidae and of Celyphidae, and that these two families are [[Sister group|sister groups]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Lauxanioidea| ]] |
[[Category:Lauxanioidea| ]] |
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[[Category:Diptera superfamilies]] |
[[Category:Diptera superfamilies]] |
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{{Lauxanioidea-stub}} |
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Revision as of 00:56, 28 October 2022
| Lauxanioidea | |
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| Homoneura hirayamae | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Section: | Schizophora |
| Subsection: | Acalyptratae |
| Superfamily: | Lauxanioidea Hendel, 1922[1] |
| Families | |
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The Lauxanioidea are a superfamily of flies that includes the two large families, the Lauxaniidae and Chamaemyiidae, and the small family Celyphidae. Generally, they are small to medium, densely populated, coloured flies. The Chamaemyiidae live as parasites on insects. The family Celyphidae look like beetles.
Some authors also recognize the family Cremifaniidae, but most place this in the Chamaemyiidae.
Description
The superfamily has three synapomorphies (features present in all members due to a common ancestor): convergent postocellar bristles, an abbreviated anal vein in the wing, and fusion of male abdominal tergites 7 and 8.[2]
Within the superfamily, Celyphidae can be distinguished from other families by their scutellum, which is shiny, enlarged and covers most of the abdomen, similar to a beetle's elytra.[3] Lauxaniidae are yellowish-brown or black, usually have iridescent reddish/purplish or greenish eyes, and the wings are sometimes patterned.[4] Chamaemyiidae are usually silvery gray with black spots, sometimes shiny and black.[5]
Ecology
Larvae of most Lauxaniidae and Celyphidae feed on decaying vegetation.[3][4] Some species of Lauxaniidae only occur in bird nests.[3] Adult lauxaniids may visit flowers.[4] Larvae of all known Chamaemyiidae have a rather different lifestyle, being predators of aphids and scale insects.[3][5]
Phylogeny
A 2017 phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial genomes confirmed the monophyly of Lauxaniidae and of Celyphidae, and that these two families are sister groups.[3]
References
- ^ Kim, S.P. (1994). Australian Lauxaniid Flies. Revision of the Australian Species of Homoneura van der Wulp, Trypetisoma Malloch, and Allied Genera (Diptera : Lauxaniidae). Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Entomology. p. 445.
- ^ Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian M.; Courtney, Greg W.; Meier, Rudolf; Lambkin, Christine; Pape, Thomas (2007-12-21). "Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: Two decades of progress and prospects*". Zootaxa. 1668 (1): 565–590. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.27. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ a b c d e Li, Xuankun; Li, Wenliang; Ding, Shuangmei; Cameron, Stephen; Mao, Meng; Shi, Li; Yang, Ding (2017-04-14). "Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Phylogeny of Lauxanioidea (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 (4): 773. doi:10.3390/ijms18040773. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 5412357. PMID 28420076.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c "Family Lauxaniidae". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ^ a b "Family Chamaemyiidae". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-10-28.