Anthomyzidae: Difference between revisions

Anthomyzidae
	Short-winged form of Stiphrosoma sabulosum from Germany
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Superfamily:	Opomyzoidea
Family:	Anthomyzidae
Genera
	Amnonthomyza Roháček, 1993; Amygdalops Lamb, 1914; Anagnota Becker, 1902; Anthomyza Fallén, 1810; Apterosepsis Richards, 1962; Barbarista Roháček, 1993; Cercagnota Roháček & Freidberg, 1993; Epischnomyia Roháček, 2006; Fungomyza Roháček, 1999; Ischnomyia Loew, 1863; Margdalops Roháček & Barraclough, 2003; Mumetopia Melander, 1913; Paranthomyza Czerny, 1902; Receptrixa Roháček, 2006; Santhomyza Roháček, 1984; Stiphrosoma Czerny, 1928; Typhamyza Roháček, 1992; Zealantha Roháček, 2007;

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Revision as of 15:26, 20 December 2015

The Anthomyzidae are small, slender, yellow to black flies with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from Europe. Although they occur in all major regions, they seem to be most varied in the Holarctic region.

Around 20 diverse genera have been placed in the family. Two, Teratomyza and Teratoptera, are now in the Teratomyzidae, and Cyamops and Stenomicra are in the Stenomicridae. Melanthomyza Malloch from Chile should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.

Description

For terms see Morphology of Diptera

These are sinute to small (1.3-4.5 mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common Anthomyza and Paranthomyza, the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete.

Biology

Anthomyza sp. ovipositing on an old (empty) head of grass

Larvae have been reported from decaying dicotyledonous plants, from fungi, and in Europe from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of Typha, Scirpus, and Juncus, from Lipara galls on Phragmites. They may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but damage to cereals or other plants has not been reported.

Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of Anthomyza and the brachypterous Stiphrosoma sabulosum).

Phylogeny

Opomyzoidea

Clusioinea

Clusiidae^[1]

Agromyzoinea

Odiniidae

	Fergusoninidae

	Agromyzidae

Opomyzoinea	Opomyzidae+Anthomyzidae

	Asteioinea

References

^ Nello schema di McAlpine, i Clusiidae sono in relazione con il genere Acartophthalmus, che secondo l'analisi cladistica di Buck (2006) va collocato nel clade dei Carnoidea. Vedi Acartophthalmidae.

External links

Encyclopedia of Life - Family Anthomyzidae at EOL
Diptera.info images

[1] Nello schema di McAlpine, i Clusiidae sono in relazione con il genere Acartophthalmus, che secondo l'analisi cladistica di Buck (2006) va collocato nel clade dei Carnoidea. Vedi Acartophthalmidae.

[1]

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 *''[[Zealantha]]'' <small>Roháček, 2007</small>
 }}
-'''Anthomyzidae''' are small, slender, yellow to black [[Fly|flies]] with narrow and elongate wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from [[Europe]]. Although they occur in all [[Ecoregion|major regions]], they seem to be most varied in the [[Holarctic]] Region
+The '''Anthomyzidae''' are small, slender, yellow to black [[Fly|flies]] with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from [[Europe]]. Although they occur in all [[Ecoregion|major regions]], they seem to be most varied in the [[Holarctic]] region.
-Around 20 diverse [[Genus|genera]] have been placed in the family. Two, ''Teratomyza'' and ''Teratoptera'' are now in [[Teratomyzidae]], and ''Cyamops'' and ''Stenomicra'' are in [[Stenomicridae]]. ''Melanthomyza'' Malloch from [[Chile]] should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.
+Around 20 diverse [[Genus|genera]] have been placed in the family. Two, ''Teratomyza'' and ''Teratoptera'', are now in the [[Teratomyzidae]], and ''Cyamops'' and ''Stenomicra'' are in the [[Stenomicridae]]. ''Melanthomyza'' Malloch from [[Chile]] should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.
 [[File:Anthomyzidae wing veins-1.svg|thumb|230px|left|Anthomyzidae wing veins]]
 ==Description==
-For terms see [[Morphology of Diptera]].
+For terms see [[Morphology of Diptera]]<br>
-Minute to small (1.3mm.-4.5&nbsp;mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel and rarely absent. There are 2-3 pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward present and usually preceded by 1 or more weaker bristles.Interfrontal bristles are absent or present.Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") present. In the more common ''Anthomyza'' and ''Paranthomyza'' the lower side of femur 1 has a well developed spine in apical third. Wings usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked.Some species are brachypterous).Costa with a subcostal break and subcosta incomplete.
+These are sinute to small (1.3-4.5&nbsp;mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common ''Anthomyza'' and ''Paranthomyza'', the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete.
 ==Biology==
 [[File:Anthomyza sp. oviposition - 2012-08-12.ogv|thumb|left|''Anthomyza'' sp. ovipositing on an old (empty) head of grass]]
-Larvae have been reported from decaying [[dicotyledonous]] plants, and from [[fungi]] and, in Europe, from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of [[Typha]], [[Scirpus]] and [[Juncus]], from [[Lipara galls]] on [[Phragmites]], It is possible that they may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but there seem to be no reports of damage to cereals or other plants.
+Larvae have been reported from decaying [[dicotyledonous]] plants, from [[fungi]], and in Europe from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of ''[[Typha]], [[Scirpus]]'', and ''[[Juncus]]'', from ''[[Lipara]] galls on ''[[Phragmites]]''. They may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but damage to cereals or other plants has not been reported.
+Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of'' Anthomyza'' and the brachypterous ''Stiphrosoma sabulosum'').
-Adults of are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of Anthomyza and the brachypterous Stiphrosoma sabulosum (Haliday)).
-==Species Lists==
-*[http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10883 West Palaearctic including Russia]
-*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/anthomyzidae.html  Australasian/Oceanian]
-*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic]
-*[http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/ Japan]
-*[http://eol.org/pages/512/overview World list]
 ==Phylogeny==
@@ Line 76: / Line 71: @@
      }}
 }}
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
 *Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae  in  (series) ''Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski'', 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish)
@@ Line 83: / Line 79: @@
 *Jindřich Roháček, 2006. ''A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae'' (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, ISBN 80-86224-57-0
 *Jindřich Roháček, 2007. ''Zealantha thorpei'' gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01576p013.pdf Zootaxa]
+===Species lists===
+*[http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10883 West Palaearctic including Russia]
+*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/anthomyzidae.html  Australasian/Oceanian]
+*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic]
+*[http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/ Japan]
+*[http://eol.org/pages/512/overview World list]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
 ==External links==