Ledges (genus)

Ledges
	Forest ledge ( Scirpus sylvaticus )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre :	Ledges
Scientific name
	Scirpus
	L.

Illustration of forest ledges ( Scirpus sylvaticus )

The cornices ( Scirpus , singular: cornices) is a genus of plants that belongs to the sour grass family (Cyperaceae).

In Austria, this genus is called "rush". Scirpus is the name of the rush among the Romans. The Roman comedy poet Terence has the phrase nodum in scirpo quaerere ("look for stem knots also on the rush"), ie look for difficulties where none are.

description

The Scirpus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 30 to 200 cm depending on the species. Some species form rhizomes . The stalks stand individually to many together. The stalks are usually triangular and the leaves are usually arranged in three lines. The leaves stand together in basal rosettes or are distributed on the stalk. The shape of the leaves is grassy. Depending on the species, the leaf blades have a length of 11 to 80 cm and a width of 0.3 to 2.3 cm. Mostly there are ligules.

The usually terminal, sometimes in a standing laterally to three leaf axils, usually branched inflorescences are almost doldig , korymbos to panicle . They contain 50 to 500 spikelets, usually with three leaf-like bracts. The diameter of the spikelets is usually less than 3.5 (to 5) mm with 10 to 50, spirally arranged scales. The lower bracts are larger than or equal to the upper ones. There is a flower above each hairless, scaly bract. The flowers are hermaphroditic. The inflorescence usually consists of three to six bristles or is rarely absent. The bristles are straight or strongly twisted, smooth, variously toothed or bearded, finely haired backwards, or rough. There are one to three stamens present. The stylus is rarely two-branched, mostly three-branched.

The triangular, biconvex or plano-convex achenes are 0.6 to 1.8 mm in size and have downy hairs. The bristles also surround the ripe achenes and can be shorter or much longer than these; they serve to spread the achenes.

Systematics

The generic name Scirpus was published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Sp. Pl. , 1:47.

In the last few decades, the majority of the species that used to belong to the genus Scirpus have been converted into several independent genera (cf. for example Bolboschoenus , Blysmus , Dracoscirpoides , Isolepis , Schoenoplectiella , Schoenoplectus , Scirpoides , Trichophorum ). The genus Scirpus currently includes 35 to 65 species.

Species of the genus *Scirpus* according to R. Govaerts0
Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler : Southeastern Canada to Virginia. Scirpus angustisquamis Beetle : Southern Chile. Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald : Canada to northern USA. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. : Canada to USA. Scirpus chunianus Tang & FTWang : Southeast China to Hainan. Scirpus colchicus Kimer. : Caucasus. Scirpus congdonii Britton : Western USA. Zypergras-ledges ( Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth ): Canada to US, eastern Mexico. Scirpus dialgamensis Majeed Kak & Javeid : Western Himalayas. Scirpus dichromenoides C.B.Clarke Venezuela. Scirpus diffusus Schuyler : California. Scirpus divaricatus Elliott : Missouri to southeastern USA. Scirpus expansus Fernald : Eastern Canada to Eastern USA. Scirpus filipes C.B. Clarke : Southeast China. With two varieties. Scirpus flaccidifolius (Fernald) Schuyler : Virginia to North Carolina. Scirpus fragrans Ruiz & Pav .: Peru. Scirpus fuirenoides Maxim. : Northern Korea, Honshu, Kyushu. Black and green ledges ( Scirpus georgianus R.M. Harper ): Eastern Canada to central and eastern USA. Scirpus hainanensis S.M. Huang : Southeast China to Hainan. Scirpus hattorianus Makino : Eastern Canada and USA. Scirpus huae T.Koyama : Guangxi . Scirpus karuisawensis Makino : China, Korea and Japan. Scirpus kimsonensis N.K. Kohi : Vietnam. Scirpus kunkelii Barros : Central Peru. Scirpus lineatus Michx. : Southeastern USA. Scirpus longii Fernald : Southeastern Canada to northeastern USA. Scirpus lushanensis Ohwi : Russia's Far East to Sumatra. Scirpus maximowiczii C.B. Clarke : Siberia to Japan. Scirpus melanocaulos Phil . : Chile. Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl : Russia's Far East, Alaska to western and northern USA, Baja California . Scirpus mitsukurianus Makino : Korea, central and southern Japan. Scirpus molinianus Beetle : Southern Chile. Scirpus orientalis Ohwi : Siberia to Japan. Scirpus pallidus (Britton) Fernald : Southern Canada and USA. Scirpus paniculatocorymbosus Kük. : Western Sichuan. Scirpus × peckii Britton = Scirpus atrocinctus × Scirpus hattorianus : Southwestern Québec to northeastern USA. Scirpus pedicellatus Fernald : Eastern Canada to northern and northeastern USA. Scirpus pendulus Muhl. : Eastern Canada, USA, Mexico. Scirpus petelotii R.Gross : Laos, Vietnam. Scirpus pinguiculus C.B. Clarke : Southern Africa. Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl : Eastern and Central United States. Scirpus polystachyus F. Muell. : Southeast Queensland to Victoria. Rooted cornices ( Scirpus radicans Schkuhr ): Europe to Japan. Scirpus reichei Boeck. : Chile. Scirpus rosthornii Diels : Eastern Nepal to Japan. Scirpus spegazzinianus Barros : Southern Argentina. Forest ledge ( Scirpus sylvaticus L. ): Europe to Central Asia. Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq. : Tropical and Sub-Tropical Asia. Scirpus trachycaulos Phil .: Chile. Scirpus wichurae Boeck. : Eastern Himalayas to Japan. With two varieties. No longer counted in this genus: Scirpus asper J.Presl & C.Presl => Rhodoscirpus asper (J.Presl & C.Presl) Lév.-Bourret, Donadío & JRStarr Scirpus fohaiensis Tang & FTWang => Schoenoplectiella fohaiensis (Tang & FTWang) Hayas.	Scirpus ancistrochaetus Scirpus atrovirens Zypergras-ledges ( Scirpus cyperinus ) Black and green ledges ( Scirpus georgianus ) Scirpus microcarpus Forest ledge ( Scirpus sylvaticus )

literature

Alan T. Whittemore, Alfred E. Schuyler: Scirpus at the Flora of Northamerica. Volume 23, p. 8: ( efloras.org ).
Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume II, 2nd edition. Edited by K. Suessenguth. Hanser, Munich 1939.

Individual evidence

↑ Fischer u. a .; P. 1102.
↑ Hegi Volume II; P. 26
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Scirpus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Simsen ( Scirpus ) - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Fischer u. a .; P. 1102.

[2] Hegi Volume II; P. 26

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Scirpus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2018.