Palpimanoidea: Difference between revisions
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'''Palpimanoidea''' or '''palpimanoids''' are a group of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] spiders, originally treated as a [[Family (biology)|superfamily]]. As with many such groups, its [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] has varied. {{As of| |
'''Palpimanoidea''' or '''palpimanoids''' are a group of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] spiders, originally treated as a [[Family (biology)|superfamily]]. As with many such groups, its [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] has varied. {{As of|2018|September}}, the following five families were included:<ref name=WoodGrisGill12/><ref name=HormGris14/> |
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* [[Archaeidae]] |
* [[Archaeidae]] |
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Revision as of 08:27, 9 September 2018
| Palpimanoids | |
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| Male Sarascelis chaperi (Palpimanidae) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Superfamily: | Palpimanoidea |
| Families | |
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See text. | |
Palpimanoidea or palpimanoids are a group of araneomorph spiders, originally treated as a superfamily. As with many such groups, its circumscription has varied. As of September 2018[update], the following five families were included:[1][2]
The Palpimanoidea (together with the Dionycha) are the only spider group with no cribellate members.[citation needed]
Phylogeny
In 1984, Raymond R. Forster and Norman I. Platnick proposed that some groups previously considered araneoid actually belonged in the distantly related Palpimanoidea, including the families Holarchaeidae, Micropholcommatidae, Mimetidae and Pararchaeidae. Subsequent phylogenetic studies have rejected this proposal, firmly placing them in Araneoidea.[2]
Studies published in 2012 and 2013, using morphological, molecular and fossil evidence, agreed that Palpimanoidea is monophyletic.[1][3] Molecular data suggested the following relationship between the five families comprising the Palpimanoidea, although three of the families were represented by only one species each:[1]
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Using only the morphological data produced a different arrangement of the families:[1]
| Palpimanoidea |
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A large molecular phylogenetic study, first published online in 2016, grouped the five families in the same way, but suggested that the Palpimanoidea, together with part of the non-monophyletic Leptonetidae, were a paraphyletic group basal to the large Entelegynae clade:[4]
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Palpimanoidea |
Nevertheless, the authors preferred to accept the earlier conclusion based on multiple lines of evidence that the Palpimanoidea are a monophyletic group.[4]
References
- ^ a b c d Wood, Hannah Marie; Griswold, Charles E.; Gillespie, Rosemary G. (2012), "Phylogenetic placement of pelican spiders (Archaeidae, Araneae), with insight into evolution of the "neck" and predatory behaviours of the superfamily Palpimanoidea", Cladistics, 28 (6): 598–626, doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00411.x, retrieved 2015-09-24
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Hormiga, Gustavo; Griswold, Charles E. (2014), "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Orb-Weaving Spiders", Annual Review of Entomology, 59 (1): 487–512, doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162046, PMID 24160416
{{citation}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Wood, Hannah Marie; Matzke, Nicholas J.; Gillespie, Rosemary G.; Griswold, Charles E. (2013), "Treating Fossils as Terminal Taxa in Divergence Time Estimation Reveals Ancient Vicariance Patterns in the Palpimanoid Spiders", Systematic Biology, 62 (2): 264–284, doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys092
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Wheeler, Ward C.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Crowley, Louise M.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Goloboff, Pablo A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Prendini, Lorenzo; Ramírez, Martín J.; Sierwald, Petra; Almeida-Silva, Lina; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Benavides Silva, Ligia R.; Benjamin, Suresh P.; Bond, Jason E.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Hasan, Emile; Hedin, Marshal; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Labarque, Facundo M.; Ledford, Joel; Lopardo, Lara; Maddison, Wayne P.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Platnick, Norman I.; Polotow, Daniele; Silva-Dávila, Diana; Scharff, Nikolaj; Szűts, Tamás; Ubick, Darrell; Vink, Cor J.; Wood, Hannah M.; Zhang, Junxia (2017) [published online 2016], "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling", Cladistics, 33: 574–616, doi:10.1111/cla.12182
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)