Palpimanidae

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Palpimanidae
Sarascelis chaperi, male

Sarascelis chaperi , male

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Palpimanoidea
Family : Palpimanidae
Scientific name
Palpimanidae
Thorell , 1870

The Palpimanidae are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of the Palpimanoidea . The family currently comprises 16 genera with 119 species . (As of July 2016)

They are common in the tropical and subtropical regions, but are absent in Australia . They live on the ground and feed mainly on other spiders.

features

Representatives of the Palpimanidae are small to medium-sized spiders with a body length of three to eleven millimeters. They are usually eight-eyed less often but also six-eyed. The eyes of the eight-eyed species are arranged in two rows. The exact arrangement varies greatly from genus to genus, regardless of the number of eyes. The shape of the side pairs of eyes and the two rear middle eyes is particularly variable. The former are sometimes close together, sometimes far apart, the latter come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.

The margins of the posterior margin of the weakly pronounced notch of the chelicerae are rarely dentate. But when there are teeth, there are few. On the dorsal edge of the chelicerae notch opposite the short and depressed distal part of the chelicerae there are some hook teeth . Like the distal end, the entire chelicere appears short and depressed. The labium is triangular. The basal segments of the pedipalps , the so-called maxillae , lie close to each other or almost touch each other. The row of smaller teeth on it, called the serrula , is very pronounced.

The haplogyne (without epigyne ) Palpimanidae developed from entelegyne (with epigyne) spiders and are therefore secondary to haplogyne. The construction of their internal genitals is easy. The spermathecae of females are small and connected laterally via a vas deferens to a chamber near the genitals, the so-called atrium . In some species there are two larger sacs connected to the atrium. There are well- developed secretion glands at the base of the bags . The sexual organs of the males are particularly noteworthy for their many appendages formed from sclerites .

The lower area of ​​the carapace is oval, with the front mostly flattened. The cephalothorax is rounded. The fovea, which is easy to see, is covered with a leathery skin. The highly structured sternum is roughly as long as it is wide. There are two to three claws on the tarsi, which are reduced in size, like the metatarsi . The size of the individual claws is very different and grows from the front pairs of legs towards the rear. The kneecaps are elongated. There are small tufts of bristles on the rails ( tibiae ), metatarsi and tarsi, which improve the hold of the spider on a number of surfaces. It is also noticeable that the foremost pair of legs, and here again especially the thigh ( femur ), is significantly more pronounced than the other pairs of legs.

The skin of the egg-shaped abdomen, which is slightly covered with bristles, is often very leathery and often severely sclerotized in the area of ​​the fold of the epigastrium . While the males only have two piriform spinnerets , females have two more, but they have receded. The spinnerets are surrounded by a sclerotized ring. The entrance of the tracheal system , which is responsible for breathing in addition to the two book lungs, is located near the spinneret glands .

Systematics

External system

Phylogenetically, the Palpimanidae are compared to the Stenochilidae as sister taxons. Until 2004 the comparison with the Huttoniidae was assumed. There is still no clarity about the correct arrangement even if one assumes that the comparison with the Stenochilidae is correct. The complete cladogram down to the level of real spiders is shown below:

 Real spiders (Araneomorphae)  
  Neocribellate  

 Austrochiloidea


  Araneoclada  

 Haplogynae


  Entelegynae  

 Eresoidea


   

Clade with canoe-shaped tapetum lucidum in the two-suck


  Palpimanoidae  
  Mimetoidea  

 Mimetidae


   

 Malkaridae



  Paurospinata  

 Micropalpimanoids


  Palpimanoidea  

 Huttoniidae


    

 Stenochilidae


   

 Palpimanidae






Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3



   

 Paleocribellatae; Hypochiloid; Hypochilidae



Internal system

Steriphopus macleayi , male

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 16 genera and 139 species for the Palpimanidae. (As of July 2016)

Web links

Commons : Palpimanidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Palpimanidae in the World Spider Catalog

literature

  • Rudy Jocqué, Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman: Spider Families of the World . Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren 2007, ISBN 90-75894-85-6 , p. 336.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Palpimanidae . Retrieved July 25, 2016.