USS Windham Bay: Difference between revisions
ok |
link |
||
| Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
==Construction== |
==Construction== |
||
Her construction was awarded to [[Kaiser Shipyards|Kaiser Shipbuilding Company]], [[Vancouver, Washington]] under a [[Maritime Commission]] contract, on 18 June 1942. The escort carrier was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 5 January 1944 under the name ''Windham Bay'', as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska.{{sfn|Maksel|2012}} She was laid down as MC hull 1129, the thirty-eighth of a series of fifty ''Casablanca''-class escort carriers. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 29 March 1944; [[Ship sponsor|sponsored]] by Mrs. Henry M. Cooper; transferred to the [[United States Navy]] and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 3 May 1944, with Captain Charles William Oexle in command.{{sfn|Kaiser Vancouver|2010}}{{sfn|DANFS|2016}} |
Her construction was awarded to [[Kaiser Shipyards|Kaiser Shipbuilding Company]], [[Vancouver, Washington]] under a [[Maritime Commission]] contract, on 18 June 1942. The escort carrier was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 5 January 1944 under the name ''Windham Bay'', as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska.{{sfn|Maksel|2012}} She was laid down as MC hull 1129, the thirty-eighth of a series of fifty ''Casablanca''-class escort carriers. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 29 March 1944; [[Ship sponsor|sponsored]] by Mrs. Henry M. Cooper; transferred to the [[United States Navy]] and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 3 May 1944, with [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] Charles William Oexle in command.{{sfn|Kaiser Vancouver|2010}}{{sfn|DANFS|2016}} |
||
==Service history== |
==Service history== |
||
Revision as of 04:01, 7 May 2020
_transporting_F-86s_1950s.jpeg){kind=spacer} USS Windham Bay passes under the Golden Gate Bridge, circa 1958. On her flight deck is a load of mainly North American F-86D Sabres.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | Windham Bay |
| Namesake | Windham Bay, Tongass National Forest, Alaska |
| Ordered | as a Type S4-S2-BB3 hull, MCE hull 1129[1] |
| Awarded | 18 June 1942 |
| Builder | Kaiser Shipyards |
| Laid down | 5 January 1944 |
| Launched | 29 March 1944 |
| Commissioned | 3 May 1944 |
| Decommissioned | 23 August 1946 |
| Recommissioned | 28 October 1950 |
| Decommissioned | 15 January 1959 |
| Stricken | 1 February 1959 |
| Identification | Hull symbol: CVE-92 |
| Honors and awards | 3 Battle stars |
| Fate | Sold for scrap, 31 December 1960 |
| General characteristics [2] | |
| Class and type | Template:Sclass- |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | |
| Beam |
|
| Draft | 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m) (max) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | |
| Speed | 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) |
| Range | 10,240 nmi (18,960 km; 11,780 mi) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement |
|
| Armament |
|
| Aircraft carried | 27 |
| Aviation facilities | |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |
|
| Operations: | |
USS Windham Bay (CVE-92) was the thirty-eighth of fifty Template:Sclass-s built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was named after Windham Bay, within Tongass National Forest, of the Territory of Alaska. The ship was launched in March 1944, commissioned in May, and served as a replenishment and transport carrier throughout the Invasion of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet, repatriating U.S. servicemen from throughout the Pacific. She was decommissioned in August 1946, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. With the outbreak of the Korean War, however, she was called back to service, continuing to serve as a transport and utility carrier until 1959, when she was once again decommissioned. Ultimately, she was sold for scrapping in December 1960.
Design and description
Windham Bay was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most numerous type of aircraft carriers ever built,[2] and designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy early war losses. Standardized with her sister ships, she was 512 ft 3 in (156.13 m) long overall, at the waterline, she was 490 ft (150 m) long, she had a beam of 65 ft 2 in (19.86 m), at her widest point, this was 108 ft (33 m), and a draft of 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m). She displaced 8,188 long tons (8,319 t) standard, 10,902 long tons (11,077 t) with a full load. She had a 257 ft (78 m) long hangar deck and a 477 ft (145 m) long flight deck. She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing 9,000 shaft horsepower (6,700 kW), thus enabling her to make 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). The ship had a cruising range of 10,240 nautical miles (18,960 km; 11,780 mi) at a speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). Power was provided by four Babcock & Wilcox water-tube boilers. Her compact size necessitated the installation of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.[2][3][4]
One 5-inch (127 mm)/38 caliber dual-purpose gun was mounted on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight Bofors 40-millimeter (1.6 in) anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon 20-millimeter (0.79 in) cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry thirty 20 mm cannons, and the amount of 40 mm guns had been doubled to sixteen, by putting them into twin mounts. These modifications were in response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Although Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to function with a crew of 860 and an embarked squadron of 50 to 56, the exigencies of wartime often necessitated the inflation of the crew count. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but the hangar deck could accommodate more, as was often the case whilst she was undergoing transport or replenishment missions.[4][5]
Construction
Her construction was awarded to Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington under a Maritime Commission contract, on 18 June 1942. The escort carrier was laid down on 5 January 1944 under the name Windham Bay, as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska.[6] She was laid down as MC hull 1129, the thirty-eighth of a series of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers. She was launched on 29 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Henry M. Cooper; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 3 May 1944, with Captain Charles William Oexle in command.[1][7]
Service history
World War II
Following commissioning, Windham Bay conducted shakedown training in Puget Sound and then headed for San Diego on 6 June. There, she conducted air qualifications and catapult trials before taking on a load of Hawaii-bound aircraft and passengers. She departed San Diego on 12 June and arrived in Pearl Harbor on the 19th. Trading her cargo of aircraft and passengers for a similar one bound for the Marshall Islands, Windham Bay stood out of the harbor on 25 June and arrived at Majuro on 2 July. After unloading her aircraft, she moved on to Kwajalein where she loaded planes and men of Marine Night Fighter Squadron 532 (VMF(N)-532) and headed for the Marianas. The Marines flew off near Saipan, and Windham Bay put into Garapan anchorage to unload the squadron's gear.
Afterward, the escort carrier took on a load of captured Japanese aircraft and other material for transportation back to Hawaii. She arrived in Pearl Harbor on 10 July and remained there for 15 days, getting underway for the west coast on 25 July. The warship arrived in San Diego on 31 July and soon began overhaul at San Pedro.
Repairs took the entire month of August, but she was back at sea on 1 September with a load of aircraft bound for Emirau and Manus. She arrived at Emirau at mid-month and at Manus on the 18th. From there, she voyaged to Espiritu Santo on a passenger run, returning to Manus on 5 October with a load of planes. After a brief visit to Guadalcanal during the second week in October, she got underway for the United States. Windham Bay steamed via Espiritu Santo and arrived in San Diego on 20 October. In November, she made another voyage from the west coast to the South Pacific, carrying aircraft to Manus and picking up about 350 casualties from the Palau campaign at Guadalcanal on 24 November for the return voyage to San Diego.
The escort carrier remained at San Diego from 10 December until the 27th when she resumed aircraft ferrying operations. She arrived in Pearl Harbor on 2 January 1945, unloaded one cargo of aircraft there and took on another made up of F4U Corsairs. She departed Pearl Harbor on 5 January and arrived at Midway Island on the 9th to unload the Corsairs. Departing Midway the next day, Windham Bay returned to Oahu on the 13th. On 1 February, the ship stood out of Pearl Harbor on her way to the Central Pacific. Carrying replacement aircraft for the fleet carriers of Task Force 58, she made a stop at Eniwetok on her way to the staging base at Ulithi Atoll in the Western Carolines.
From there, she operated with the 5th Fleet Logistics Group, Task Group 50.8, in support of the fast carrier strikes conducted during the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations. During the next four months, she visited Guam and the Ryukyu Islands. On 4 June to 5 June, while steaming with the logistics group in support of TF 58 and the strikes on Okinawa, the carrier steamed right through the famous typhoon of 1945, suffering lost and damaged planes as well as damage to her flight and hangar decks. On 16 June, she cleared the Marianas en route to Oahu. The warship arrived in Pearl Harbor on the 25th but departed again two days later. She entered port at San Diego on 11 July, and immediately began repairs to correct the typhoon damage she had suffered earlier in the month. Those repairs lasted through late August, so that she missed the final weeks of the war.
On 26 August, she departed San Diego on her way back to the Central Pacific carrying Marine Fighter Squadron 312 (VMF-312) to Guam. She stopped briefly at Pearl Harbor and arrived in Apra Harbor on 15 September. After unloading passengers and cargo at Guam, Windham Bay headed for Samar in the Philippines where she arrived on 19 September. There, she loaded passengers, planes, and equipment for transportation back to Hawaii. She got underway from Leyte on 24 September, made a stop at Guam on the 27th, and arrived back at Oahu on 7 October. On the 8th, she continued eastward toward the west coast and arrived at San Diego on the 14th.
Five days later, the ship headed back to Pearl Harbor on her way to participate in Operation "Magic Carpet", the return of American servicemen to the United States. After a round-trip voyage to San Pedro, California, and back to Pearl Harbor, she set out for the western Pacific once more on 13 November. Arriving at Samar in the Philippines on the 26th, she loaded passengers and then headed east again on the 28th. She stopped at Oahu along the way and arrived in Port Hueneme, California, on 17 December. She moved to San Pedro on the 18th and remained there through the New Year.
On 8 January 1946, Windham Bay departed San Pedro, headed for Hawaii, and arrived in Pearl Harbor on 14 January. She departed Oahu again on the 15th and arrived in San Pedro on the 21st. Within days, however, she moved north to Tacoma, Washington, where she reported for duty with the Pacific Reserve Fleet on 25 January 1946. She remained there—in commission, in reserve—until 23 August 1946 when she was placed out of commission.
Korean War
The escort carrier stayed with the Reserve Fleet until hostilities erupted in Korea during the summer of 1950. On 28 October 1950, she was recommissioned at Bremerton, Washington, Capt. Charles E. Brunton in command. On 20 November, she steamed south to California, visiting San Francisco on the way to San Diego where she arrived on 2 December. After 11 days, the escort carrier returned to San Francisco whence she embarked upon a voyage to Pearl Harbor on the 19th. Returning to the west coast at Alameda on 2 January 1951, the warship headed west again five days later. She arrived in Yokohama, Japan, on the 24th and unloaded a cargo of aircraft for use in the Korean War which the United States had entered under the auspices of the United Nations. Departing Japan two days later, she visited Saigon in French Indochina and Manila in the Philippines before shaping a course back to the United States. Windham Bay reentered San Francisco Bay on 24 February.
At this juncture, the escort carrier settled into a routine of transpacific resupply voyages between the United States and Japan. Over the next 20 months, she made nine round-trip voyages, beginning each at either San Francisco or San Diego, stopping always at Yokosuka, and returning always to San Francisco. She broke that nine-voyage routine in October and November 1952 when she visited Takao, Japan, and Bangkok, Thailand, before returning via Japan to the west coast at Alameda on 9 December.
Windham Bay continued her aircraft ferrying voyages between the United States and Japan during 1953. The war in Korea, however, began to subside in intensity at about the same time, and her passages began to take on more of a peacetime character. She began making more stops and side trips in addition to Yokosuka—notably to Hawaii, the Philippines, and at other Japanese ports. French Indochina also returned to her itinerary in May 1954 and again in February and March 1955 when she made visits to Saigon, capital of the newly constituted Republic of Vietnam. On 12 June 1955, she was redesignated CVU-92. In May 1957, she added Naha, Okinawa, to her list of ports of call; and, in December, she made one more stop at Saigon. Otherwise, the remainder of her career consisted of the normal west coast-to-Japan aircraft resupply voyages in support of the fast carriers assigned to the western Pacific.
Her career lasted until the end of 1958. In January 1959, she was decommissioned and was berthed with the San Francisco Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 February 1959, and she was subsequently sold to the Hugo Neu Steel Products Corp., of New York City. The ship was scrapped in Japan in February 1961.
See also
References
- ^ a b Kaiser Vancouver 2010.
- ^ a b c Chesneau & Gardiner 1980, p. 109.
- ^ Y'Blood 2014, pp. 34–35.
- ^ a b Hazegray 1998.
- ^ Y'Blood 2014, pp. 10.
- ^ Maksel 2012.
- ^ DANFS 2016.
Sources
Online sources
- "Windham Bay (CVE-92)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - "Kaiser Vancouver, Vancouver WA". www.ShipbuildingHistory.com. 27 November 2010. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 16 June 2019 suggested (help) - "World Aircraft Carriers List: US Escort Carriers, S4 Hulls". Hazegray.org. 14 December 1998. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- Maksel, Rebecca (14 August 2012). "How Do You Name an Aircraft Carrier?". Air & Space/Smithsonian. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Bibliography
- Chesneau, Robert; Gardiner, Robert (1980), Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, London, England: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 9780870219139
- Y'Blood, William (2014), The Little Giants: U.S. Escort Carriers Against Japan (E-book), Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 9781612512471
- Drury, Bob; Clavin, Thomas; Conger, Eric (2007), Halsey's Typhoon: The True Story of a Fighting Admiral, an Epic Storm, and an Untold Rescue, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Grove Press, ISBN 9781598873535
External links
- Photo gallery of USS Windham Bay (CVE-92) at NavSource Naval History