Volkswagen Karmann Ghia
| Volkswagen Karmann Ghia | |
|---|---|
| Volkswagen Karmann Ghia coupe | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Volkswagen |
| Production |  1955–1974 445,238 built[1] Coupé: 364,401 Cabriolet: 80,837  1962-1975 41,689 built [2] Coupé: 23,393 Cabriolet: 177 TC: 18,119 |
| Assembly | Osnabrück, Germany[3] Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil |
| Designer | Luigi Segre[4] |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car |
| Body style | 2-door convertible 2-door coupe |
| Layout | RR layout |
| Related | Volkswagen Beetle |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.5 & 1.6 L H4 |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Volkswagen Scirocco |
The Karmann Ghia was a four-seater manufactured by Volkswagen that brought together the company's prosaic Beetle mechanicals, evocative styling by the Italian carrozzeria Ghia and hand-built bodywork by German coach-builder Karmann.
The combination proved instantly successful for VW; production doubled soon after the Karmann Ghia's introduction [5], and the car became the most popular imported to the US [5]. American industrial designer Walter Dorwin Teague selected the Karmann-Ghia for his list of the world's most beautifully designed products [6].
Offered in coupe and convertible body styles, over 445,000[3] Karmann Ghias were produced in Germany from 1955 to 1974 (excluding the Type 34 variant, see below); Karmann Brazil produced further 41,600 cars locally for South America between 1962 and 1975.
History
The Karmann Ghia debuted at the October 1953 Paris Auto Show as a styling concept created for Ghia by Luigi Segre.[7]
In the early 1950s, Volkswagen was producing small, fuel efficient, reliable automobiles (like the Volkswagen Beetle). As the world recovered from World War II, consumers began to demand more stylish and elegant vehicles. Executives at Volkswagen decided to produce an "image" car for post-war buyers.The Karmann Ghia, VW's venture into the sports car market, was created in 1956. While it had limited power for a sports car, its stylish looks and reasonable price made sales strong.
Volkswagen contracted with German coach builder Karmann to build this car. Karmann in turn contracted the Italian firm Ghia for a sports car design. Ghia took an existing, but unused design (originally intended for Chrysler or Studebaker) and modified it to fit a slightly modified Beetle floorpan which had been widened some 12 inches.
The body and nose of the Karmann Ghia were handcrafted and significantly more expensive to produce than the assembly line produced Beetle, which was reflected in the Karmann Ghia's higher price. Instead of fenders bolted and pre-welded together, as with the Beetle, body panels were butt-welded and hand-shaped and smoothed with English Pewter in a time-consuming and expensive process. At the time the Ghia was built, only the manufacturers of the finest cars took similar care.
The design and prototype were well received by Volkswagen executives, and in August 1955[3] the first Karmann Ghia was manufactured in Osnabrück, Germany. Public reaction to the curvy Karmann Ghia was excellent, and over 10,000 were sold in the first year, exceeding Volkswagen's expectations.
Since the first Karmann Ghias used the same Volkswagen air cooled engine as the Beetle, the car was not suitable as a true sports car, but the car's styling and "Beetle reliable" parts compensated for this shortfall. The Karmann Ghia also shared engine development with the Beetle as the Type 1 engine grew larger over time, finally arriving at an engine displacement of 1584 cc which produced about 60 horsepower.
In August 1957 a convertible (cabriolet) version was introduced. Although this version is often called the "1958 model" by some, the Detroit automakers' trend of calling models manufactured in August of a year as the next year's model wasn't adopted by Germany until at least 1965. In August 1964, the Vehicle Identification Number on VWs started showing the last digit of the year as the 3rd digit of the VIN. As with other automobiles, multiple changes were made to VW models during the model years, including early Ghias.
Notable exterior changes in 1961 included the car's new wider, finned front grilles, raised headlight relocation, and rear taillight lenses which became taller and more rounded. Cars made from 1955 to 1959 are referred to as "lowlights," due to the lower placement of the headlights.
In 1970 larger tail lights integrated the reverse lights and larger wrap-around turn signals in contrast to the earlier "bullet" style lights. VW models of this era have earned the slang nickname fat chicks[8]. Larger and wider tailights in 1972 increased side visibility. 1973 modifications included larger energy-absorbing bumpers and the provision of a package shelf in leau of the modest rear seat.
In late 1974, the car was discontinued, replaced by the Rabbit/Golf based Volkswagen Scirocco.
Type 34 Karmann Ghia
In 1961, Volkswagen introduced the Type 34 Karmann Ghia, based on its new Type 3 platform. It was the launch vehicle for Volkswagen's new 1500 cc engine. It was the fastest, most luxurious, and most expensive Volkswagen at the time. Due to model confusion with the release of the Type I 1500 in 1967, the public dubbed the Type 34 the "Razor's Edge Ghia" in England, "Der Große Karmann" (the big Karmann) in Germany and "European Ghia" in the United States.[9]
One interesting option introduced in 1963 was an electrically operated sliding steel sunroof — a feature copied from its Porsche cousin, which introduced it in 1961. The styling was more squared-off, versus the curved appearance of the original Karmann Ghia, offering more interior and cargo room. This venture into a more upmarket realm with a low volume production car was not a success, and production ceased in 1969 after 42,505 units plus 17 prototype convertibles [1] were built. Today, the Type 34 is considered a semi-rare collectible.
The Wilhelm Karmann factory assembly line which assembled the Type 34 also produced the Porsche 914 — the Type 34's replacement.
Karmann Ghia TC
The Karmann Ghia TC was developed to replace the Type 1 based Karmann Ghia in Brazil. It was built from 1970 to 1975 and given the Type 145 designation. It was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro at the Italdesign studios in Turin, Italy [citation needed]. The TC (Touring Coupe) was based on the Brazilian Type 3, as such, it has the Type 3's drivetrain and running gear.
References
- ^ a b Oswald, Werner (2003). Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, Band 3. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. pp. 39, 53. ISBN 3-613-02116-1.
- ^ http://www.carroantigo.com/portugues/conteudo/curio_NACIONAIS.htm
- ^ a b c "Classic Cars: Volkswagen Karmann Ghia". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "History of Karmann Ghia". members.aol.com. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ a b "Karmann-Ghia Coupe & Convertible, Veloce Publishing".
- ^ "Styled for Success Karmann-Ghia, VW's Carrera for the Common Man and Woman, Cliff Leppke, VWtrends.com".
{{cite web}}: line feed character in|title=at position 19 (help) - ^ "The Karmann Story". by Dieter Knust, published by Verlag Meinders & Elstermann GmbH & Co. 1996.
- ^ "VW Dictionary". Samba.com.
- ^ Hedges, Lee Thomas. "Type 3 Ghia (Type 34) History" (HTML). Retrieved 2007-04-15.
External links
Template:Early European Volkswagen vehicles Template:Early North American Volkswagen vehicles