Paeonia tenuifolia
| Paeonia tenuifolia | |
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| Species: | P. tenuifolia
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| Binomial name | |
| Paeonia tenuifolia [1][2] | |
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Paeonia tenuifolia is a herbaceous species of peony that is called пион тонколистный (pion tonkolistnyy) in Russian, and nazikyarpaq pion in Azeri, in both meaning "fine-leaved peony". In the Ukraine it is known as піво́нія вузьколи́ста (pivóniya vuzʹkolýsta), which means "narrow peony", or степова́ піво́нія (stepová pivóniya) "steppe peony", while the Serbian vernacular names усколисни божур (uskolisni božur) and степски божур (stepski božur), have the same meanings. In English it is sometimes called the fern leaf peony. It is native to the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, as well as areas in Ukraine north of the Black Sea, westward into Romania and Serbia and eastward to northwestern Kazakhstan. It was described by Linnaeus in 1759. The narrow, divided leaves are almost thread-like and grow close together on the stems. This peony can reach between 30 and 60 centimeters in height. The flowers are red and scented with numerous yellow stamens in the centre.[3]
Description
Paeonia tenuifolia is a hairless herbaceous perennial with a stem of 30-60 cm high, which are densely set with alternately arranged compound leaves. The lowest leaves are twice compounded or the leaflets are deeply divided into many fine linear segments, ½-6 mm wide, with a blunt to rounded tip, dark green above, and lighter glaucous green below. The mostly single flower per stem seems to be floating on the foliage. The flower is 6-8 cm across, cup-shaped, with deep crimson, long inverted egg-shaped petals, with a rounded or even blunt top. The stamens are 1½—2 cm long, with yellow filaments, anthers and pollen. There are usually three, sometimes two, coarse felty haired carpels, that will eventually develop into 2 cm long, dry, dehiscent fruits called follicles. This species is diploid with ten chromosomes (2n=10).[4]
Ecology
P. tenuifolia flowers earlier than other peonies, and dies down early too. This is probably because it grows in steppes, with dry and hot summers. The seeds of this species germinate above the soil in full light, which is exceptional among peonies.[5]
The caterpillars of the moth Pelatea klugiana feed of the leaves of several Paeonia species, among which P. tenuifolia. These larvae live with several together in a nest of silk that binds together several lobes of a leaf, and move only within the nest.[6]
Cultivation
This species is said to be an attractive plant for the garden which is easy to grow and hardy in Western Europe and the United States. Still, as an inhabitant of the steppes of southern Russia and Kazakhstan, it is adapted to growing in the full sun and experiencing cold winters, and dry, hot summers, and it is susceptible to moult development on its leaves during prolonged wet spells.[5] It is reported to have been in cultivation in Germany as early as 1594 and was introduced to England in 1765 and America in 1806. There are some cultivars and hybrids known to be in cultivation:
- P. tenuifolia "Rosea" has pink flowers.
- P. tenuifolia "Rosea Plena" with double pink flowers.[5]
- P. ×smouthii, the presumed hybrid with P. lactiflora, which is commercially introduced in 1843, and sometimes listed as P. laciniata in nursery catalogues, is taller than P. tenuifolia, usually has more than one flower per stem with a sweet perfume, traits inherited from P. lactiflora. It is a diploid, and does not produce fertile seed. It was probably named in honor of M. Smout, a professional chemist at the Catholic University of Mechelen, who was an active breeder of plants.[7]
- P. ×majko, the presumed hybrid with P. daurica, found in Georgia, is not deemed particularly appealing.[8]
- P. tenuifolia var. plena, a variety with double flowers, is said to have been introduced to English gardens in 1765.
P. hybrida was regarded a garden hybrid between P. anomala and P. tenuifolia by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1818, which according to him also occurred in the wild.[4] However, Hong and Pan regard P. hybrida as synonymous with P. anomala.[9]
References
- ^ Hong, De-Yuan; Zhou, Shi-Liang (2003). "Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) in the Caucasus" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 143: 135–150. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
- ^ "Paeonia tenuifolia L." The Plantlist. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
- ^ Peonies: The Imperial Flower, by Jane Fearnley Whittingstall. ISBN 0-297-82424-4
- ^ a b Stern, Frederick Claude (1946). A study of the genus Paeonia. London: The Royal Horticultural Society. cited on Carsten Burkhardt. "F.C. Stern A Study of the Genus Paeonia (1946)". Web Project Paeonia. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
- ^ a b c "Paeonia tenuifolia". Heartland Peony Society. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
- ^ Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.; Zolotuhin, Vadim V. (2005). "A new subspecies of Pelatea klugiana (Freyer, 1836) from the Middle Volga Region of Russia, with notes on its morphology and life history (Tortricidae)" (PDF). Nota Lepidopterologic. 28 (1): 3–9. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
- ^ "Early peonies marry with late daffodils and bridalwreath spiraea for colour". Canadian Gardening. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
- ^ Pauwels, I.; Vervoort, G. (2009). Pioenen [Peonies] (1: in volle glorie [in full splendor] ed.). Uitgever Lannoo Uitgeverij. p. 143. ISBN 9020965077.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Hong De-Yuan; Pan Kai-Yu (2004). "A Taxonomic Revision of the Paeonia anomala Complex (Paeoniaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91 (1): 87–98. Retrieved 2016-04-12.