Bellendena: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae}} |
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{{italic title}}{{taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = Bellendena montana - Walls of Jerusalem.jpg |
|image = Bellendena montana - Walls of Jerusalem.jpg |
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|image_caption= Above: habit<br> Below: detail of inflorescences |
|image_caption= Above: habit<br/> Below: detail of inflorescences |
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|image2 = Bellendena montana.jpg |
|image2 = Bellendena montana.jpg |
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|display_parents = 2 |
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|regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|ordo = [[Proteales]] |
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|familia = [[Proteaceae]] |
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|subfamilia = '''Bellendenoideae''' |
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|range_map = Distribution_of_Bellendena_montana.svg |
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|genus = '''''Bellendena''''' |
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|binomial = ''Bellendena montana'' |
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'''''Bellendena montana''''', commonly known as '''mountain rocket''', is a species of low-growing multi-stemmed shrub in the plant family [[Proteaceae]]. It is endemic to high-altitude subalpine and alpine regions in [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]]. The prominent white flower spikes appear over summer, followed by small bright red or yellow fruit in late summer and autumn. |
'''''Bellendena montana''''', commonly known as '''mountain rocket''', is a species of low-growing multi-stemmed shrub in the plant family [[Proteaceae]]. It is endemic to high-altitude subalpine and alpine regions in [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]]. The prominent white flower spikes appear over summer, followed by small bright red or yellow fruit in late summer and autumn. |
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Described by [[Robert Brown (botanist)|Robert Brown]] in 1810, it is the sole member of the genus '''''Bellendena''''', which is in turn the sole member of subfamily '''Bellendenoideae''', and |
Described by [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] in 1810, it is the sole member of the genus '''''Bellendena''''', which is in turn the sole member of subfamily '''Bellendenoideae''', and is thought to represent an early offshoot within the family.<ref name="Weston 2006" /> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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Scottish botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist)|Robert Brown]] described the mountain rocket in 1810 as ''Bellendena montana'',<ref name=FoA>{{Flora of Australia Online | name = ''Bellendena montana'' R.Br. | id = 44707}}</ref> naming the genus in honour of [[John Bellenden Ker Gawler]] for his botanical works. The species name is the [[Latin]] adjective ''montanus'' and refers to its montane habitat.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991">{{cite book | last = Wrigley | first = John |author2=Fagg, Murray | title = Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas | year = 1991 | publisher = Angus & Robertson | location = Sydney | isbn = 0-207-17277-3|pages = 543–45}}</ref><!-- cites previous 1.5 sentences --> Its common name refers to its red-tipped rocket-shaped flowerheads.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991"/> |
Scottish botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] described the mountain rocket in 1810 as ''Bellendena montana'',<ref name=FoA>{{Flora of Australia Online | name = ''Bellendena montana'' R.Br. | id = 44707}}</ref> naming the genus in honour of [[John Bellenden Ker Gawler]] for his botanical works. The species name is the [[Latin]] adjective ''montanus'' and refers to its montane habitat.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991">{{cite book | last = Wrigley | first = John |author2=Fagg, Murray | title = Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas | year = 1991 | publisher = Angus & Robertson | location = Sydney | isbn = 0-207-17277-3|pages = 543–45}}</ref><!-- cites previous 1.5 sentences --> Its common name refers to its red-tipped rocket-shaped flowerheads.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991"/> |
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Phylogenetic studies often place this genus as basal (one of the earliest offshoots) to the rest of the Proteaceae, though its exact position and relationships are unclear. A 2006 molecular |
Phylogenetic studies often place this genus as basal (one of the earliest offshoots) to the rest of the Proteaceae, though its exact position and relationships are unclear. A 2006 analysis, sythesesizing of molecular and other studies, by Weston and Barker<ref name="Weston 2006" /> located it as sister to the subfamily [[Persoonioideae]], the two sharing a common ancestor which diverged from the other Proteaceae. However, the genus has an anatomical feature, laterocytic stomata (having 3 or more parallel specialised subsidiary cells), which it shares with the [[Platanaceae]] (next closest relatives to the [[Proteaceae]]) and no other Proteaceae, which indicate it diverged from all other members of the family first.<ref name="Weston 2006">{{cite journal|author1=Weston, Peter H. |author2=Barker, Nigel P. |year=2006 |title=A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera |journal=Telopea |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=314–344 |doi=10.7751/telopea20065733 |url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/80856/Tel11Wes314.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002182810/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/80856/Tel11Wes314.pdf |archive-date=2009-10-02 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Bellendena montana'' grows as a low, spreading multistemmed shrub to anywhere from 10 cm to 1.8 m high,<ref name=FoA/> and 1 m in diameter. The leaves are thick and variable,<ref name = "Wrigley 1991"/> ranging from oblanceolate to spathulate to wedge-shaped (cuneate) in shape with recurved margins and measuring 1–6 cm long and 0.2 to 2.2 cm wide. Plants from north-eastern Tasmania have narrower leaves than elsewhere, and populations from higher altitudes have smaller leaves and more crowded foliage.<ref name=FoA/> The flowers occur in terminal racemes which are held on short stems above the foliage.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991"/> These are followed by small egg-shaped (obovate) bright red or yellow fruit, which are ripe in late summer and autumn.<ref name="dpiwe">{{cite web|url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter,nsf/Attachments/LJEM-7CV6E9/$FILE/Bellendena%20montana%20Notesheet.pdf|title=Bellendena montana| |
''Bellendena montana'' grows as a low, spreading multistemmed shrub to anywhere from 10 cm to 1.8 m high,<ref name=FoA/> and 1 m in diameter. The leaves are thick and variable,<ref name = "Wrigley 1991"/> ranging from oblanceolate to spathulate to wedge-shaped (cuneate) in shape with recurved margins and measuring 1–6 cm long and 0.2 to 2.2 cm wide. Plants from north-eastern Tasmania have narrower leaves than elsewhere, and populations from higher altitudes have smaller leaves and more crowded foliage.<ref name=FoA/> The flowers occur in terminal racemes which are held on short stems above the foliage.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991"/> These are followed by small egg-shaped (obovate) bright red or yellow fruit, which are ripe in late summer and autumn.<ref name="dpiwe">{{cite web|url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter,nsf/Attachments/LJEM-7CV6E9/$FILE/Bellendena%20montana%20Notesheet.pdf|title=Bellendena montana|author=((Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment))|work=Flora of Tasmania|publisher=Tasmanian Government|access-date=6 April 2013}}</ref> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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==Cultivation== |
==Cultivation== |
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The plant has attractive flowers, fruit and foliage, but is not often cultivated because it is difficult to grow at low altitudes. Propagation by seed or cutting is unreliable.<ref name=ANPSA>{{cite web|author=Walters, Brian|work=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) website |
The plant has attractive flowers, fruit and foliage, but is not often cultivated because it is difficult to grow at low altitudes. Propagation by seed or cutting is unreliable.<ref name=ANPSA>{{cite web|author=Walters, Brian|work=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) website|title=Bellendena montanum|date=December 2008|url=http://asgap.org.au/b-mon.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903193139/http://asgap.org.au/b-mon.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-09-03|access-date=6 April 2013}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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* {{Flora of Australia Online | name = ''Bellendena'' R.Br. | id = 44706}} |
* {{Flora of Australia Online | name = ''Bellendena'' R.Br. | id = 44706}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Proteaceae genera}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15962401|from2=Q2706858}} |
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[[Category:Proteaceae]] |
[[Category:Proteaceae]] |
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[[Category:Proteales of Australia]] |
[[Category:Proteales of Australia]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Endemic flora of Tasmania]] |
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[[Category:Monotypic Proteaceae genera]] |
[[Category:Monotypic Proteaceae genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:54, 14 August 2022
| Bellendena | |
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| Above: habit Below: detail of inflorescences | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Subfamily: | Bellendenoideae P.H.Weston |
| Genus: | Bellendena R.Br.[2] |
| Species: | B. montana
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| Binomial name | |
| Bellendena montana | |
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Bellendena montana, commonly known as mountain rocket, is a species of low-growing multi-stemmed shrub in the plant family Proteaceae. It is endemic to high-altitude subalpine and alpine regions in Tasmania, Australia. The prominent white flower spikes appear over summer, followed by small bright red or yellow fruit in late summer and autumn.
Described by Robert Brown in 1810, it is the sole member of the genus Bellendena, which is in turn the sole member of subfamily Bellendenoideae, and is thought to represent an early offshoot within the family.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
Scottish botanist Robert Brown described the mountain rocket in 1810 as Bellendena montana,[4] naming the genus in honour of John Bellenden Ker Gawler for his botanical works. The species name is the Latin adjective montanus and refers to its montane habitat.[5] Its common name refers to its red-tipped rocket-shaped flowerheads.[5]
Phylogenetic studies often place this genus as basal (one of the earliest offshoots) to the rest of the Proteaceae, though its exact position and relationships are unclear. A 2006 analysis, sythesesizing of molecular and other studies, by Weston and Barker[3] located it as sister to the subfamily Persoonioideae, the two sharing a common ancestor which diverged from the other Proteaceae. However, the genus has an anatomical feature, laterocytic stomata (having 3 or more parallel specialised subsidiary cells), which it shares with the Platanaceae (next closest relatives to the Proteaceae) and no other Proteaceae, which indicate it diverged from all other members of the family first.[3]
Description[edit]
Bellendena montana grows as a low, spreading multistemmed shrub to anywhere from 10 cm to 1.8 m high,[4] and 1 m in diameter. The leaves are thick and variable,[5] ranging from oblanceolate to spathulate to wedge-shaped (cuneate) in shape with recurved margins and measuring 1–6 cm long and 0.2 to 2.2 cm wide. Plants from north-eastern Tasmania have narrower leaves than elsewhere, and populations from higher altitudes have smaller leaves and more crowded foliage.[4] The flowers occur in terminal racemes which are held on short stems above the foliage.[5] These are followed by small egg-shaped (obovate) bright red or yellow fruit, which are ripe in late summer and autumn.[6]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Bellendena montana is found at altitudes above 1000 m (3500 ft), though rarely lower to 400 m.[4] It grows on low-nutrient soils (mostly dolerite, but sometimes quartzite or basalt-derived[4]) with good drainage, often rocky outcrops,[6] as well as more boggy areas and alpine heathland.[4]
Cultivation[edit]
The plant has attractive flowers, fruit and foliage, but is not often cultivated because it is difficult to grow at low altitudes. Propagation by seed or cutting is unreliable.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ "Bellendena montana R.Br". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ "Bellendena R.Br". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ a b c Weston, Peter H.; Barker, Nigel P. (2006). "A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera" (PDF). Telopea. 11 (3): 314–344. doi:10.7751/telopea20065733. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-02.
- ^ a b c d e f "Bellendena montana R.Br". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
- ^ a b c d Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. pp. 543–45. ISBN 0-207-17277-3.
- ^ a b Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. "Bellendena montana" (PDF). Flora of Tasmania. Tasmanian Government. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ Walters, Brian (December 2008). "Bellendena montanum". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) website. Archived from the original on 2007-09-03. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- "Bellendena R.Br". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
External links[edit]
Media related to Bellendena at Wikimedia Commons
