Banksien
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The banksias ( Banksia ) are a plant genus within the proteaceae (Proteaceae). The generic name honors the botanist Joseph Banks .
distribution
Their occurrence is limited to the Australian continent , including Tasmania , with 80 species occurring there. The exception is Banksia dentata , which is found in northern Australia and islands north of it, including New Guinea and the Aru Islands .
description
Banksia species grow as evergreen shrubs and trees . The evergreen foliage leaves, which are arranged alternately to sometimes whorled , are leathery and petiolate. The leaf blade is simply to deeply divided. In most cases they have a silvery-gray underside of the leaves and the upper side is dark green. Some species are heterophyll , so there are different leaves. There are no stipules .
The inflorescences of the genus are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers, the color varies between yellow and red. The narrow bracts are usually hairy and often fall off during the flowering period. A large bract stands under pairs of flowers. The individual flowers sit over a bract. The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. There are only four more or less identical bracts . There is a discus. There is only one circle with four fertile stamens; they are free from one another and are all the same or more or less clearly different. In each flower there is only one upper carpel , which is sometimes incompletely closed. It contains two ovules . The pollination is done by insects, birds or small marsupials.
The hard, wooden seed heads of many Banksia species only open when it is very hot, such as a bush fire . The winged seeds fall out and are carried away by the wind. The woody follicles contain one or two seeds. The seeds have two wings.
Systematics
The genus Banksia includes 76 to over 90 species, here is a list divided into subgenera and sections according to Alex S. George 1981:
- Subgenus Isostylis
- Banksia cuneata A.S. George
- Banksia ilicifolia R.Br.
- Banksia oligantha A.S. George
- Subgenus Banksia
- Banksia section
- Banksia aculeata A.S. George
- Banksia aemula R.Br.
- Banksia ashbyi Baker f.
- Tender Banksia (
- Banksia audax C.A. Gardner
- Banksia baueri R.Br.
- Bird's Nest Banksie ( Banksia baxteri R.Br. )
- Banksia benthamiana C.A. Gardner
- Banksia blechnifolia F. Muell.
- Banksia burdettii Baker f.
- Banksia caleyi R.Br.
- Banksia candolleana Meisn.
- Banksia canei J.H. Willis
- Banksia chamaephyton A.S. George
- Scarlet Banksia ( Banksia coccinea R. Br. )
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Banksia conferta A.S. George , with the varieties:
- Banksia conferta var. Conferta
- Banksia conferta var. Penicillata A.S. George
- Banksia dentata L.f.
- Banksia dryandroides Baxter ex Sweet
- Banksia elderiana F. Muell. & Tate
- Banksia elegans Meisn.
- Banksia epica A.S. George
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Banksia gardneri A.S. George , with the varieties:
- Banksia gardneri var. Gardneri
- Banksia gardneri var. Brevidentata A.S. George
- Banksia goodii R. Br.
- Bull Banksie ( Banksia grandis Willd. )
- Hooker's Banksie ( Banksia hookeriana Meisn. )
-
Coastal Banksia ( Banksia integrifolia L.f. ), with the varieties or subspecies:
- Banksia integrifolia var. Integrifolia
- Banksia integrifolia var. Aquilonia A.S. George
- Banksia integrifolia var. Compar (R.Br.) FMBailey
- Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola K.R. Thiele
-
Banksia laevigata Meisn. , with the varieties:
- Banksia laevigata var. Laevigata
- Banksia laevigata var. Fuscolutea A.S. George
- Banksia lemanniana Meisn.
- Banksia lindleyana Meisn.
- Banksia lullfitzii C.A. Gardner
- Silver banksie ( Banksia marginata Cav. )
- Banksia media R. Br.
- Firewood banksie ( Banksia menziesii R. Br. )
- Banksia oblongifolia Cav.
- Banksia oreophila A.S. George
- Desert Banksia ( Banksia ornata F.Muell. Ex Meisn.)
- Banksia paludosa R. Br.
- Banksia petiolaris F. Muell.
- Banksia pilostylis C.A. Gardner
- Banksia plagiocarpa A.S. George
- Banksia praemorsa Andrews
- Acorn Banksie ( Banksia prionotes Lindl. )
- Banksia quercifolia R.Br.
- Banksia repens Labill.
- Banksia robur Cav.
- Rock Banksie ( Banksia saxicola A.S. George )
- Banksia sceptrum Meisn.
- Sägen-Banksie or Old-Man-Banksie ( Banksia serrata L.f. )
- Banksia solandri R. Br.
- Magnificent Banksie ( Banksia speciosa R. Br. )
- Banksia victoriae Meisn.
- Banksia section
- Section Oncostylis Benth.
- Banksia brownii Baxter ex R.Br.
-
Banksia ericifolia L.f. , with the varieties:
- Banksia ericifolia var. Ericifolia
- Banksia ericifolia var. Macrantha A.S. George
- Banksia grossa A.S. George
- Banksia incana A.S. George
- Banksia lanata A.S. George
- Banksia laricina C.A. Gardner
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Banksia leptophylla A.S. George , with the varieties:
- Banksia leptophylla var. Leptophylla
- Banksia leptophylla var. Melletica A.S. George
- Marsh Banksie ( Banksia littoralis R. Br. )
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Meisners Banksie ( Banksia meisneri Lehm. ), With the varieties:
- Banksia meisneri var. Meisneri
- Banksia meisneri var. Ascendens A.S. George
- Banksia micrantha A.S. George
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Nodding Banksie ( Banksia nutans R.Br. ), with the varieties:
- Banksia nutans var. Nutans
- Banksia nutans var. Cernuella A.S. George
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Western Banksia ( Banksia occidentalis R.Br. ), with the subspecies:
- Banksia occidentalis subsp. occidentalis
- Banksia occidentalis subsp. formosa hopper
- Banksia pulchella R. Br.
- Banksia scabrella A.S. George
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Banksia seminuda (ASGeorge) Rye , with the varieties:
- Banksia seminuda var. Seminuda
- Banksia seminuda var. Remanens Hopper
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Banksia sphaerocarpa R. Br. , With the varieties:
- Banksia sphaerocarpa var. Sphaerocarpa
- Banksia sphaerocarpa var. Caesia A.S. George
- Banksia sphaerocarpa var. Dolichostyla A.S. George
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Hairpin banksie ( Banksia spinulosa Sm. ), With the varieties:
- Banksia spinulosa var. Spinulosa
- Banksia spinulosa var. Collina (R.Br.) AS George
- Banksia spinulosa var. Cunninghamii (Sieber ex Rchb.) ASGeorge
- Banksia spinulosa var. Neoanglica A.S. George
- Banksia tricuspis Meisn.
- Banksia verticillata R.Br.
- Violet Banksia ( Banksia violacea C.A. Gardner )
photos
Saw-Banksie ( Banksia serrata ):
See also
swell
- Alexander Segger George: Banksia in the Flora of Australia Online . With identification key.
- HR Coleman: Banksia in the Western Australian Flora Online , 2008.
- Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexander Segger George: The genus Banksia Lf (Proteaceae) , in Nuytsia 3 (3), 1981, pp. 239-473. ISSN 0085-4417