Charles Pelham Villiers: Difference between revisions

The Right Honourable
Charles Pelham Villiers
The Right Honourable Charles Pelham Villiers
	Engraving by John Cochran after a portrait by C. A. Du Val.
President of the Poor Law Board
	In office; 9 July 1859 – 26 June 1866
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Viscount Palmerston ; The Earl Russell
Preceded by	Thomas Milner Gibson
Succeeded by	Gathorne Hardy
Member of Parliament; for Wolverhampton South ; Wolverhampton (1835–1885)
	In office; 6 January 1835 – 16 January 1898
Monarchs	William IV; Victoria
Preceded by	William Wolryche-Whitmore
Succeeded by	John Lloyd Gibbons
Personal details
Born	3 January 1802
Died	16 January 1898 (aged 96)
Nationality	British
Political party	Liberal; Liberal Unionist;
Parents	George Villiers; Theresa Parker;
Alma mater	St John's College, Cambridge

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Charles Pelham Villiers (3 January 1802 – 16 January 1898) was a British lawyer and politician from the aristocratic Villiers family. He sat in the House of Commons for 63 years, from 1835 to 1898, making him the longest-serving Member of Parliament (MP). He also holds the distinction of the oldest candidate to win a parliamentary seat, at 93. He was a radical and reformer who often collaborated with John Bright and had a noteworthy effect in the leadership of the Anti-Corn Law League, until its repeal in 1846. Lord Palmerston appointed him to the cabinet as president of the Poor-Law Board in 1859. His Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) Act of 1863 opened job-creating schemes in public health projects. He progressed numerous other reforms, most notably the Metropolitan Poor Act of 1867. Florence Nightingale helped him formulate the reform, in particular, ensure professionalisation of nursing as part of the poor law regime, the workhouses of which erected public infirmaries under an Act of the same year. His political importance was overshadowed by his brother, the Earl of Clarendon, and undercut by the hostility of Gladstone.^[1]

Background and education[edit]

Villiers was the son of the Hon. George Villiers and the Hon. Theresa, daughter of John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon. He was the grandson of Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon and brother of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon. He was educated at East India Company College and St John's College, Cambridge,^[2] becoming a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in 1827. He was raised to the rank of an Earl's son in 1839 and thus entitled to be styled the Honourable Charles Pelham Villiers.

Political career[edit]

Villiers held Benthamite political views and enjoyed a long career in public service and Parliament. In 1832, he was a Poor Law Commissioner, and from 1833 to 1852 was an examiner of witnesses in the Court of Chancery.

Villiers was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton in 1835. In each year from 1837 to 1845, he launched parliamentary debates in attempts to repeal the Corn Laws. In 1838, he spoke to over 5,000 "working-class men" in Manchester and told them that the presence of so large an audience gave him the proof that "the working class man was with him." Villiers was unsuccessful in his attempts, but in 1840 sat on the Committee on Import Duties that provided much of the evidence that pressured Robert Peel into his sliding scale concession in 1842. The bluebook produced by the Committee on Import Duties was published in pamphlet form and distributed across the country by the Anti-Corn Law League, it was reprinted in America and quoted by all leading newspapers of the day, the Spectator published it in abridged form. In February 1842, Villiers was called by Monckton Milnes MP, the "solitary Robinson Crusoe standing on the barren rock of Corn Law repeal." In 1842, the majority in favour of retaining the Corn Laws had been 303, at the vote on Villiers motion in June 1845 it was down to 132. After the repeal in 1846, the press said of Villiers that he was "the most persevering and undaunted supporter of those principles within the house." David Ricardo, Chairman of the Free Traders in London, wished to raise money to give to Villiers in recognition of his work, but Villiers declined.

Villiers was a corresponding member of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, and he attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840.^[3]

In 1847 Villiers was returned for Lancashire South but elected to sit for his former constituency; his election in Lancashire South was unsolicited but an honour conferred by the people there to express their gratitude for his good work with the repeal of the Corn Laws. Villiers was sworn of the Privy Council in 1853^[4] and served under Lord Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston as Judge Advocate General from 1852 to 1858. In 1853 the Times observed that "it was Mr. Charles Villiers who practically originated the Free Trade movement." He served under Palmerston and Lord Russell as President of the Poor Law Board (with a seat in the cabinet) from 1859 to 1866. In 1876 he wrote to the Manchester-based Women's Suffrage Journal in which he stated, in the words of the Journal, that "he had voted for the measure [suffrage] on more than one occasion, and should do so again. As far as he was acquainted with the objections usually alleged, he was bound to say they only appear to be those which have always been offered whenever any fresh extension of liberty to the subject has been proposed, and which he had himself heard urged against personal freedom in the colonies, religious liberty in this country, the enfranchisement of the working classes, and against the abolition of every monopoly, political and commercial, wherever it has been assailed."^[5]

Villiers was offered a peerage in June 1885, but declined.^[6] His Wolverhampton constituency was divided under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and he was then elected for Wolverhampton South, switching to the Liberal Unionist party in 1886. He was the Father of the House of Commons from 1890 until his death in 1898. However, the last time he attended Parliament was in 1895. During his time in Parliament he worked towards free trade and opposed the Corn Laws and home rule for Ireland. He is noted as being the voice in parliament of the free trade movement before the election of Richard Cobden and John Bright.

Personal life[edit]

Villiers died unmarried in January 1898, aged 96. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery.^[7] A statue of him stands in West Park in Wolverhampton.

References[edit]

^ A. C. Howe, "Villiers, Charles Pelham (1802–1898)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 retrieved 8 Nov 2017.
^ "Villiers, Charles Pelham (VLRS820CP)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ BFASS Convention 1840, List of delegates, retrieved 15 January 2016
^ "No. 21409". The London Gazette. 8 February 1853. p. 330.
^ Pelham Villiers, Charles (1 June 1876). "The meeting which was held in St. George's Hall, on May 13, fully sustained the reputation for oratorical ability and powerful advocacy which the speakers on this occasion had already won". Women's Suffrage Journal. VII: 81 – via Nineteenth Century Collections Online.
^ Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886
^ Paths of Glory. Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery. 1997. p. 102.

External links[edit]

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Charles Pelham Villiers
Wolverhampton history: Charles Pelham Villiers
Portraits of Charles Pelham Villiers at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Charles Pelham Villiers at the National Archives

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by William Wolryche-Whitmore Richard Fryer	Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton 1835–1885 With: Thomas Thornely, 1835–1859 Sir Richard Bethell, 1859–1861 Thomas Matthias Weguelin, 1861–1880 Henry Fowler, 1880–1885	Constituency divided see: Wolverhampton East Wolverhampton South Wolverhampton West
New constituency before: Wolverhampton	Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South 1885–1898	Succeeded by John Lloyd Gibbons
Preceded by Christopher Talbot	Father of the House 1890–1898	Succeeded by Sir John Mowbray, Bt
Preceded by James Patrick Mahon	Oldest Member of Parliament 1885–1887	Succeeded by James Patrick Mahon
Preceded by James Patrick Mahon	Oldest Member of Parliament 1891–1898	Succeeded by Sir John Mowbray, Bt
Political offices
Preceded by George Bankes	Judge Advocate General 1852–1858	Succeeded by John Mowbray
Preceded by Thomas Milner Gibson	President of the Poor Law Board 1859–1866	Succeeded by Gathorne Hardy

[1] A. C. Howe, "Villiers, Charles Pelham (1802–1898)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 retrieved 8 Nov 2017.

[2] "Villiers, Charles Pelham (VLRS820CP)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

[listofdelegates-3] BFASS Convention 1840, List of delegates, retrieved 15 January 2016

[4] "No. 21409". The London Gazette. 8 February 1853. p. 330.

[5] Pelham Villiers, Charles (1 June 1876). "The meeting which was held in St. George's Hall, on May 13, fully sustained the reputation for oratorical ability and powerful advocacy which the speakers on this occasion had already won". Women's Suffrage Journal. VII: 81 – via Nineteenth Century Collections Online.

[6] Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886

[Paths-7] Paths of Glory. Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery. 1997. p. 102.

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[2]

[3]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British lawyer and politician}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2013}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
 {{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
-{{Infobox Officeholder
+{{Infobox officeholder
 | honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
 | name = Charles Pelham Villiers
@@ Line 11: / Line 12: @@
 | term_end1 = 26 June 1866
 | monarch1 = [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]
-| primeminister1 = [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|The Viscount Palmerston]] <br> [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|The Earl Russell]]
+| primeminister1 = [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|The Viscount Palmerston]] <br /> [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|The Earl Russell]]
 | predecessor1 = [[Thomas Milner Gibson]]
 | successor1 = [[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook|Gathorne Hardy]]
-|office2      = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br>for [[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]](1885&ndash;1998) <br>{{small|[[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]] (1835&ndash;1885)}}
+|office2      = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]] <br />{{small|[[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]] (1835–1885)}}
 |monarch2 = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]]<br />[[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]
-|term_start2      = 6 February 1835
+|term_start2      = 6 January 1835
 |term_end2      = 16 January 1898
 |predecessor2      = [[William Wolryche-Whitmore]]
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 | party = {{hlist|[[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]|[[Liberal Unionist Party|Liberal Unionist]] }}
 | alma_mater = [[St John's College, Cambridge]]
+| parents = {{ubl|[[George Villiers (1759–1827)|George Villiers]]|Theresa Parker}}
 }}
-'''Charles Pelham Villiers''' (3 January 1802 &ndash; 16 January 1898) was a British lawyer and politician from the aristocratic [[Villiers family]] who sat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] from 1835 to 1898, making him the longest-serving Member of Parliament (MP). Pelham Villiers also holds the distinction of the oldest candidate to win a parliamentary seat, at the age of 93.  He was a radical reformer who often collaborated with [[John Bright]]. He is best known for leadership of the [[Anti-Corn Law League]], until repeal in 1846.  Lord Palmerston appointed him to the cabinet as president of the Poor-law board in 1859.  He worked for numerous reforms, most notably the Metropolitan Poor Law Act of 1867.  [[Florence Nightingale]] helped him formulate the reform of nursing within the poor law. His Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) Act of 1863 opened job-creating schemes in public health projects.  His political importance was overshadowed by his brother the earl of Clarendon, and undercut by the hostility of W.E. Gladstone.<ref>A. C. Howe, "Villiers, Charles Pelham (1802–1898)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28286, accessed 8 Nov 2017].</ref>
+'''Charles Pelham Villiers''' (3 January 1802 – 16 January 1898) was a British lawyer and politician from the aristocratic [[Villiers family]]. He sat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] for 63 years, from 1835 to 1898, making him the longest-serving Member of Parliament (MP). He also holds the distinction of the oldest candidate to win a parliamentary seat, at 93.  He was a radical and reformer who often collaborated with [[John Bright]] and had a noteworthy effect in the leadership of the [[Anti-Corn Law League]], until its repeal in 1846.  Lord Palmerston appointed him to the cabinet as president of the Poor-Law Board in 1859.  His Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) Act of 1863 opened job-creating schemes in public health projects.  He progressed numerous other reforms, most notably the [[Metropolitan Poor Act 1867|Metropolitan Poor Act of 1867]]. [[Florence Nightingale]] helped him formulate the reform, in particular, ensure professionalisation of nursing as part of the poor law regime, the workhouses of which erected public infirmaries under an Act of the same year.  His political importance was overshadowed by his brother, [[George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon|the Earl of Clarendon]], and undercut by the hostility of [[William Ewart Gladstone|Gladstone]].<ref>A. C. Howe, "Villiers, Charles Pelham (1802–1898)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28286, retrieved 8 Nov 2017].</ref>
 ==Background and education==
-Villiers was the son of the Hon. [[George Villiers (1759–1827)|George Villiers]] and the Hon. Theresa, daughter of [[John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon]]. He was grandson of [[Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon]] and brother of [[George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon]]. He was educated at [[East India Company College]] and [[St John's College, Cambridge]],<ref>{{acad|id=VLRS820CP|name=Villiers, Charles Pelham}}</ref> becoming a [[barrister]] at [[Lincoln's Inn]] in 1827. He was raised to the rank of an Earl's son in 1839 and thus entitled to be styled the Honourable Charles Pelham Villiers.
+Villiers was the son of the Hon. [[George Villiers (1759–1827)|George Villiers]] and the Hon. Theresa, daughter of [[John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon]]. He was the grandson of [[Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon]] and brother of [[George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon]]. He was educated at [[East India Company College]] and [[St John's College, Cambridge]],<ref>{{acad|id=VLRS820CP|name=Villiers, Charles Pelham}}</ref> becoming a [[barrister]] at [[Lincoln's Inn]] in 1827. He was raised to the rank of an Earl's son in 1839 and thus entitled to be styled the Honourable Charles Pelham Villiers.
 ==Political career==
-Villiers held [[Jeremy Bentham|Benthamite]] political views, and enjoyed a long career in public service and Parliament. In 1832, he was a [[Poor Law]] Commissioner, and from 1833 to 1852 was examiner of witnesses in the [[Court of Chancery]].
+Villiers held [[Jeremy Bentham|Benthamite]] political views and enjoyed a long career in public service and Parliament. In 1832, he was a [[Poor Law]] Commissioner, and from 1833 to 1852 was an examiner of witnesses in the [[Court of Chancery]].
-Villiers was elected as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] Member of Parliament for [[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]] in 1835. In 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845 he launched parliamentary debates in attempts to repeal the [[Corn Laws]]. In 1838, he spoke to over 5000 "working class men" in Manchester and told them that the presence of so large an audience gave him the proof that "the working class man was with him". Villiers was unsuccessful in his attempts, but in 1840 sat on the Committee on Import Duties that provided much of the evidence that pressured [[Robert Peel]] into his sliding scale concession in 1842. The bluebook produced by the Committee on Import Duties was published in pamphlet form and distributed across the country by the Anti Corn Law League, it was reprinted in America and quoted by all leading newspapers of the day, the Spectator published it in abridged form. In February 1842 Villiers was called by Monckton Milne MP the "solitary Robinson Crusoe standing on the barren rock of Corn Law repeal". In 1842, the majority in favour of retaining the Corn Laws had been 303, at the vote on Villiers motion in June 1845 it was down to 132. After repeal in 1846, the press said of Villiers that he was "the most persevering and undaunted supporter of those principles within the house". [[David Ricardo]], Chairman of the Free Traders in London wished to raise money to give to Villiers in recognition of his work, Villiers declined this.
+Villiers was elected as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] Member of Parliament for [[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]] in 1835. In each year from 1837 to 1845, he launched parliamentary debates in attempts to repeal the [[Corn Laws]]. In 1838, he spoke to over 5,000 "working-class men" in Manchester and told them that the presence of so large an audience gave him the proof that "the working class man was with him." Villiers was unsuccessful in his attempts, but in 1840 sat on the Committee on Import Duties that provided much of the evidence that pressured [[Robert Peel]] into his sliding scale concession in 1842. The bluebook produced by the Committee on Import Duties was published in pamphlet form and distributed across the country by the Anti-Corn Law League, it was reprinted in America and quoted by all leading newspapers of the day, the Spectator published it in abridged form. In February 1842, Villiers was called by [[Richard Monckton Milnes|Monckton Milnes]] MP, the "solitary Robinson Crusoe standing on the barren rock of Corn Law repeal." In 1842, the majority in favour of retaining the Corn Laws had been 303, at the vote on Villiers motion in June 1845 it was down to 132. After the repeal in 1846, the press said of Villiers that he was "the most persevering and undaunted supporter of those principles within the house."  [[David Ricardo (the younger)|David Ricardo]], Chairman of the Free Traders in London, wished to raise money to give to Villiers in recognition of his work, but Villiers declined.
-Villiers was a corresponding member of the [[British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society]] and he attended the [[World Anti-Slavery Convention]] in London in 1840.<ref name=listofdelegates>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/60228328?loginSuccess=true&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents BFASS Convention 1840], List of delegates, Retrieved 15 January 2016</ref>
+Villiers was a corresponding member of the [[British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society]], and he attended the [[World Anti-Slavery Convention]] in London in 1840.<ref name=listofdelegates>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/60228328?loginSuccess=true&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents BFASS Convention 1840], List of delegates, retrieved 15 January 2016</ref>
-In 1847 he was also returned for [[Lancashire South (UK Parliament constituency)|Lancashire South]] but elected to sit for his former constituency; his election in Lancashire South was unsolicited but an honour conferred by the people there to express their gratitude for his goodwork with the repeal of the Corn Laws. Villiers was sworn of the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]] in 1853<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21409 |date=8 February 1853 |page=330 }}</ref> and served under [[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen|Lord Aberdeen]] and [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Lord Palmerston]] as [[Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)|Judge Advocate General]] from 1852 to 1858. In 1853 the Times observed that "it was Mr Charles Villiers who practically originated the Free Trade movement". He served under Palmerston and [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|Lord Russell]] as [[Poor Law Board|President of the Poor Law Board]] (with a seat in the cabinet) from 1859 to 1866.
+In 1847 Villiers was returned for [[Lancashire South (UK Parliament constituency)|Lancashire South]] but elected to sit for his former constituency; his election in Lancashire South was unsolicited but an honour conferred by the people there to express their gratitude for his good work with the repeal of the Corn Laws. Villiers was sworn of the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]] in 1853<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21409 |date=8 February 1853 |page=330 }}</ref> and served under [[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen|Lord Aberdeen]] and [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Lord Palmerston]] as [[Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)|Judge Advocate General]] from 1852 to 1858. In 1853 the Times observed that "it was Mr. Charles Villiers who practically originated the Free Trade movement." He served under Palmerston and [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|Lord Russell]] as [[Poor Law Board|President of the Poor Law Board]] (with a seat in the cabinet) from 1859 to 1866.  In 1876 he wrote to the Manchester-based ''[[Women's Suffrage Journal]]'' in which he stated, in the words of the ''Journal'', that "he had voted for the measure [suffrage] on more than one occasion, and should do so again.  As far as he was acquainted with the objections usually alleged, he was bound to say they only appear to be those which have always been offered whenever any fresh extension of liberty to the subject has been proposed, and which he had himself heard urged against personal freedom in the colonies, religious liberty in this country, the enfranchisement of the working classes, and against the abolition of every monopoly, political and commercial, wherever it has been assailed."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pelham Villiers|first=Charles|date=1 June 1876|title=The meeting which was held in St. George's Hall, on May 13, fully sustained the reputation for oratorical ability and powerful advocacy which the speakers on this occasion had already won.|url=http://gdc.galegroup.com.ezproxy.gc.cuny.edu/gdc/ncco/NewspapersDetailsPage/NewspapersDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=DVI-Newspapers&docIndex=5&source=fullList&prodId=NCCO&mode=view&limiter=&display-query=TX+Hon.+AND+PU+%22Women%27s+Suffrage+Journal%22+AND+IU+76+AND+DA+118760601&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=1&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=TX+Hon.+AND+PU+%22Women%27s+Suffrage+Journal%22+AND+IU+76+AND+DA+118760601&search_within_results=&p=NCCO&catId=&u=cuny_gradctr&displayGroups=DVI-Newspapers&documentId=GALE%7CTBUIBX678107097&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=|journal=Women's Suffrage Journal|volume=VII|pages=81|via=Nineteenth Century Collections Online}}</ref>
+Villiers was offered a peerage in June 1885, but declined.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1886londuoft Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886]</ref> His Wolverhampton constituency was divided under the [[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885]] and he was then elected for [[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]], switching to the [[Liberal Unionist]] party in 1886. He was the [[Father of the House|Father of the House of Commons]] from 1890 until his death in 1898. However, the last time he attended Parliament was in 1895. During his time in Parliament he worked towards [[free trade]] and opposed the [[Corn Laws]] and [[home rule]] for [[Ireland]]. He is noted as being the voice in parliament of the free trade movement before the election of [[Richard Cobden]] and [[John Bright]].
-Villiers was offered a peerage in June 1885, but declined.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1886londuoft Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886]</ref>  His Wolverhampton constituency was divided under the [[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885]] and he was then elected for [[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]], switching to the [[Liberal Unionist]] party in 1886. He was the [[Father of the House|Father of the House of Commons]] from 1890 until his death in 1898. However, the last time he attended Parliament was in 1895. During his time in Parliament he worked towards [[free trade]] and opposed the [[Corn Laws]] and [[home rule]] for [[Ireland]]. He is noted as being the voice in parliament of the free trade movement before the election of [[Richard Cobden]] and [[John Bright]].
 ==Personal life==
-Villiers died unmarried in January 1898, aged 96. He is buried at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref name=Paths>{{cite book|title=Paths of Glory|date=1997|publisher=Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery|page=102|accessdate=7 July 2015}}</ref> A statue of him stands in West Park in [[Wolverhampton]].
+Villiers died unmarried in January 1898, aged 96. He is buried at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref name=Paths>{{cite book|title=Paths of Glory|date=1997|publisher=Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery|page=102}}</ref> A statue of him stands in [[West_Park,_Wolverhampton | West Park]] in [[Wolverhampton]].
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
-* {{Rayment|date=February 2012}}
 ==Further reading==
 * Swift, Roger. ''Charles Pelham Villiers: Aristocratic Victorian Radical'' (Taylor & Francis, 2017).
@@ Line 55: / Line 58: @@
 {{wikisource author}}
 * {{Hansard-contribs | mr-charles-villiers | Charles Pelham Villiers }}
-* [http://www.wolverhamptonhistory.org.uk/people/local/villiers Wolverhampton history: Charles Pelham Villiers]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060506102645/http://www.wolverhamptonhistory.org.uk/people/local/villiers Wolverhampton history: Charles Pelham Villiers]
 * {{NPG name}}
-* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/pidocs.asp?P=P29342 Charles Pelham Villiers] at the National Registry of Archives
+* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/pidocs.asp?P=P29342 Charles Pelham Villiers] at the National Archives
 {{s-start}}
 {{s-par|uk}}
-{{s-bef | before = [[William Wolryche-Whitmore]]<br />[[Richard Fryer]] }}
+{{s-bef | before = [[William Wolryche-Whitmore]]<br />[[Richard Fryer (politician)|Richard Fryer]] }}
 {{s-ttl
- | title  = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]]
+ | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]]
- | with   = [[Thomas Thornley]], 1835&ndash;1859
+ | with   = [[Thomas Thornely]], 1835–1859
- | with2  = [[Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury|Sir Richard Bethell]], 1859&ndash;1861
+ | with2  = [[Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury|Sir Richard Bethell]], 1859–1861
- | with3  = [[Thomas Matthias Weguelin]], 1861&ndash;1880
+ | with3  = [[Thomas Matthias Weguelin]], 1861–1880
- | with4  = [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]], 1880&ndash;1885
+ | with4  = [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]], 1880–1885
- | years  = [[United Kingdom general election, 1835|1835]]&ndash;[[United Kingdom general election, 1885|1885]]
+ | years  = [[1835 United Kingdom general election|1835]]–[[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]
 }}
-{{s-non | reason = Constituency divided<br /><small>see: [[Wolverhampton East (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton East]]<br>[[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]]<br>[[Wolverhampton West (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton West]]</small>
+{{s-non | reason = Constituency divided<br /><small>see: [[Wolverhampton East (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton East]]<br />[[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]]<br />[[Wolverhampton West (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton West]]</small>
 }}
 {{s-new | constituency | reason = before: [[Wolverhampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton]] }}
 {{s-ttl
- | title  = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]]
+ | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Wolverhampton South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wolverhampton South]]
- | years  = [[United Kingdom general election, 1885|1885]]&ndash;[[Wolverhampton East by-election, 1898|1898]]
+ | years  = [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]–[[1898 Wolverhampton South by-election|1898]]
 }}
 {{s-aft | after  = [[John Lloyd Gibbons]] }}
 {{succession box
  | title  = [[Father of the House]]
- | years  = 1890&ndash;1898
+ | years  = 1890–1898
  | before = [[Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot|Christopher Talbot]]
  | after  = [[Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet|Sir John Mowbray, Bt]]
 }}
 {{succession box
- | title  = [[Member of Parliament|Oldest Member of Parliament]]
+ | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Oldest Member of Parliament]]
- | years  = 1885&ndash;1887
+ | years  = 1885–1887
  | before = [[James Patrick Mahon]]
  | after  = [[James Patrick Mahon]]
 }}
 {{succession box
- | title  = [[Member of Parliament|Oldest Member of Parliament]]
+ | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Oldest Member of Parliament]]
- | years  = 1891&ndash;1898
+ | years  = 1891–1898
  | before = [[James Patrick Mahon]]
  | after  = [[Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet|Sir John Mowbray, Bt]]
 }}
 {{s-off}}
-{{succession box  | title  = [[Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)|Judge Advocate General]]  | years  = 1852&ndash;1858 | before = [[George Bankes]]  | after  = [[Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet|John Mowbray]]}}
+{{succession box  | title  = [[Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)|Judge Advocate General]]  | years  = 1852–1858 | before = [[George Bankes]]  | after  = [[Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet|John Mowbray]]}}
-{{succession box  | title  = [[President of the Poor Law Board]]  | years  = 1859&ndash;1866 | before = [[Thomas Milner Gibson]]  | after  = [[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook|Gathorne Hardy]]}}
+{{succession box  | title  = [[President of the Poor Law Board]]  | years  = 1859–1866 | before = [[Thomas Milner Gibson]]  | after  = [[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook|Gathorne Hardy]]}}
 {{s-end}}
@@ Line 111: / Line 114: @@
 [[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
 [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
-[[Category:Presidents of the Cambridge Union Society]]
+[[Category:Presidents of the Cambridge Union]]
 [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
 [[Category:People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College]]
-[[Category:Whig (British political party) MPs]]
+[[Category:Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1835–37]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1835–1837]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1837–41]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1837–1841]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1841–47]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1841–1847]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1847–52]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1847–1852]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1852–57]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1852–1857]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1857–59]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1857–1859]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1859–65]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1859–1865]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1865–68]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1865–1868]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1868–74]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1868–1874]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1874–80]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1874–1880]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1880–85]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1880–1885]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1885–86]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1885–1886]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1886–92]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1892–95]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1892–1895]]
 [[Category:UK MPs 1895–1900]]
 [[Category:People from Wolverhampton]]
@@ Line 134: / Line 137: @@
 [[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
 [[Category:Members of Lincoln's Inn]]
-[[Category:Freemen of Wolverhampton]]
 [[Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery]]
 [[Category:Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies]]

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