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{{Short description|Region of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Comox Valley''' is a region on the east coast of [[Vancouver Island]], [[British Columbia]], Canada, that includes the city of [[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]], the town of [[Comox, British Columbia|Comox]], the village of [[Cumberland, British Columbia|Cumberland]], and the unincorporated settlements of [[Royston, British Columbia|Royston]], [[Union Bay, British Columbia|Union Bay]], [[Fanny Bay]], [[Black Creek, British Columbia|Black Creek]] and [[Merville, British Columbia|Merville]]. The communities of [[Denman Island]] and [[Hornby Island]] are also considered part of the Comox Valley. The Comox Valley contains the 47th largest [[List of |
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| name = Comox Valley |
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| photo = File:Comox Valley from Mt Washington.jpg |
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| photo_caption = A view of Comox Valley and Harbour from [[Mount Washington (British Columbia)|Mount Washington]], with [[Strait of Georgia]] and [[Texada Island]] in the background |
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| map_caption = Location in [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''Comox Valley''' is a region on the east coast of [[Vancouver Island]], [[British Columbia]], Canada, that includes the city of [[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]], the town of [[Comox, British Columbia|Comox]], the village of [[Cumberland, British Columbia|Cumberland]], and the unincorporated settlements of [[Royston, British Columbia|Royston]], [[Union Bay, British Columbia|Union Bay]], [[Fanny Bay]], [[Black Creek, British Columbia|Black Creek]], and [[Merville, British Columbia|Merville]]. The communities of [[Denman Island]] and [[Hornby Island]] are also considered part of the Comox Valley. The Comox Valley contains the 47th largest [[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|metropolitan area]] in Canada with a population of about 76,000 as of 2022. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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[[File:Comox Glacier over the Comox Valley.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Comox Glacier]]]] |
[[File:Comox Glacier over the Comox Valley.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Comox Glacier]]]] |
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The Comox Valley is a lowland area with deep alluvial soil.<ref name="Murton2011">{{cite book|author=James Murton|title=Creating a Modern Countryside: Liberalism and Land Resettlement in British Columbia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljLrXmRsoQMC&pg=PA76|date=1 November 2011|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-4071-2|page=76}}</ref> There are mountains to the west, and the [[Comox Glacier]] overlooks the valley,<ref name="Smith1973">{{cite book|author=Ian Smith|title=Vancouver Island: Unknown Wilderness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qofAQAAIAAJ|date=1 January 1973|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-95310-6|page=104}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Moon Handbooks: British Columbia|url=https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooks00hemp|url-access=registration|date=May 2008|publisher=Avalon Travel Pub.|page=[https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooks00hemp/page/171 171]}}</ref> On the east, beaches stretch along the shore of the Strait of Georgia.<ref>{{cite book|title=Western Canada|url=https://archive.org/details/westerncanadauly00ulys|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Ulysses Travel Guides|isbn=978-2-89464-244-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/westerncanadauly00ulys/page/147 147]}}</ref> |
The Comox Valley is a lowland area with deep alluvial soil.<ref name="Murton2011">{{cite book|author=James Murton|title=Creating a Modern Countryside: Liberalism and Land Resettlement in British Columbia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljLrXmRsoQMC&pg=PA76|date=1 November 2011|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-4071-2|page=76}}</ref> There are mountains to the west, and the [[Comox Glacier]] overlooks the valley,<ref name="Smith1973">{{cite book|author=Ian Smith|title=Vancouver Island: Unknown Wilderness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qofAQAAIAAJ|date=1 January 1973|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-95310-6|page=104}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Moon Handbooks: British Columbia|url=https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooks00hemp|url-access=registration|date=May 2008|publisher=Avalon Travel Pub.|page=[https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooks00hemp/page/171 171]}}</ref> On the east, beaches stretch along the shore of the [[Strait of Georgia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Western Canada|url=https://archive.org/details/westerncanadauly00ulys|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Ulysses Travel Guides|isbn=978-2-89464-244-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/westerncanadauly00ulys/page/147 147]}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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| ⚫ | There were three groups of [[Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast|indigenous people]], the [[Comox people|Comox]], the [[Pentlatch language|Pentlatch]] (who were then nearly extinct), and the [[Lekwiltok]], in the valley. They farmed in the rich soil there, keeping the land cleared through burning.<ref name="Murton2011" /> |
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<!-- First Nations history should be added here. --> |
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According researcher [[Samuel Bawlf]], Sir [[Francis Drake]] visited this area in 1579. This assertion is written about in ''The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577–1580'' and suggests that Drake's reference to landing in what he called New Albion (the name of the region of North America explored by Drake) was, in fact, what is now known as Comox.<ref>Bawlf, Samuel (2003). ''The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577–1580''. {{ISBN|1-55054-977-4}}.</ref> This conclusion is not shared, however, by other historians such as Jules Verne and Samuel Johnson. According to the Canadian Encyclopedia, first contact in Comox between the original First Nations inhabitants and the first European visitors occurred in 1792 when [[HMS Discovery (1789)|HMS ''Discovery'']] anchored in [[Comox Harbour]].<ref>Artibise, A. (2010). [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/comox-valley-youth-music-centre-emc/ "Comox"]. ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'', Historica-Dominion. Retrieved on: 2011-11-03.</ref> |
According to researcher [[Samuel Bawlf]], Sir [[Francis Drake]] [[Francis Drake's circumnavigation|visited this area in 1579]]. This assertion is written about in ''The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577–1580'' and suggests that Drake's reference to landing in what he called New [[Albion]] (the name of the region of North America explored by Drake) was, in fact, what is now known as Comox.<ref>Bawlf, Samuel (2003). ''The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577–1580''. {{ISBN|1-55054-977-4}}.</ref> This conclusion is not shared, however, by other historians such as [[Jules Verne]] and [[Samuel Johnson]]. According to the Canadian Encyclopedia, first contact in Comox between the original First Nations inhabitants and the first European visitors occurred in 1792 when [[HMS Discovery (1789)|HMS ''Discovery'']] anchored in [[Comox Harbour]].<ref>Artibise, A. (2010). [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/comox-valley-youth-music-centre-emc/ "Comox"]. ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'', Historica-Dominion. Retrieved on: 2011-11-03.</ref> |
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[[File:Grappler.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The Grappler]] |
[[File:Grappler.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The Grappler]] |
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| ⚫ | The first European settlers arrived in the spring of 1861, intending to start farms.<ref name=Mackie/>{{rp|45–48}} At that time, [[James Douglas (governor)|Governor James Douglas]] was encouraging settlers arriving in the [[Colony of Vancouver Island]] to establish themselves in the [[Cowichan Valley]] and the Comox Valley rather than the [[:Category:Canadian gold rushes|gold fields]] of the mainland as these were the two areas that had agricultural potential on the island. The first settlers were [[Nanaimo]] [[coal miner]]s and [[Hudson's Bay Company]] [[:Category:Hudson's Bay Company people|employees]], John and William Biggs, Thomas Dignan, Edwin Gough, [[Adam Grant Horne]], Thomas Jones, Alexander McFarlane, George Mitchell, Thomas Williams, and Charles York all of whom had arrived on Vancouver Island before the [[Fraser Canyon Gold Rush|1858 gold rush]]. Of these, only Mitchell remained by 1862 when the ''Grappler'' arrived with the Comox Expedition. Dignan went to [[Gabriola Island]]. Horne and most of the others went to Nanaimo.<ref name=Mackie>{{Cite book | last =Mackie | first =Richard Somerset | title =The Wilderness Profound, Victorian Life on the Gulf of Georgia | location =Victoria, BC | publisher =Sono Nis Press | year =1995 | isbn =1-55039-058-9 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/wildernessprofou0000mack }}</ref>{{rp|39–42}} A [[small pox]] [[epidemic]] in 1862 decimated the native population. |
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| ⚫ | There were three groups of [[Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast|indigenous people]], the [[Comox people|Comox]], the [[Pentlatch language|Pentlatch]] (who were then nearly extinct), and the [[Lekwiltok]], in the valley. They farmed in the rich soil there, keeping the land cleared through burning.<ref name="Murton2011" /> |
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| ⚫ | In 1862, Surveyor General [[Joseph Despard Pemberton|Pemberton]] secured funding from the colonial government in Victoria to construct the first road into the Comox area from Nanaimo. When it became clear that a {{convert|15|ft|m|adj=on}} wide wagon road would be too expensive, a bridle path with some bridges was built instead. Flooding and tree falls made maintenance of this road impossible. Until the mid-1890s, access to the area was only by sea.<ref name=Mackie/>{{rp|101}} In 1874 the {{convert|1015|ft|m|adj=on}} government wharf and the first bridge over the Courtenay River were constructed.<ref name=Mackie/>{{rp|108}} |
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| ⚫ | The area became the centre of one of the [[British Empire]]'s largest private railway concerns, the Comox Logging & Railway Company. It was also the headquarters of Comox Logging, which owned Block 29, a valuable stand of [[Douglas Fir]] timber, stretching from south of Courtenay well to the north of [[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]]. For a number of years, [[logging]] was the largest source of employment in the community. Logging and mining declined in the 1960s, and fishing later declined in the 1990s. At that time the region was one of the fastest growing in British Columbia, although the growth rate between 2001 and 2006 has averaged just 2.0% annually.<ref>{{cite web|title=Comox Valley Regional Growth Strategy, Chapter 1 (PDF)|url=http://www.comoxvalleyrd.ca/uploadedFiles/Regional_Growth_Strategy/RGS/Chapter1.pdf|work=Comox Valley Regional Growth Strategy, Chapter 1 (PDF)|accessdate=9 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329131220/http://www.comoxvalleyrd.ca/uploadedFiles/Regional_Growth_Strategy/RGS/Chapter1.pdf|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most workers in the logging industry commuted to camps and logging operations further north on the Island or the mainland Coast; the Field lumber mill in Courtenay was disassembled in the fall of 2006. |
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| ⚫ | The first European settlers arrived in the spring of 1861, intending to start farms.<ref name=Mackie/>{{rp|45–48}} At that time, [[James Douglas (governor)|Governor James Douglas]] was encouraging settlers arriving in the [[Colony of Vancouver Island]] to establish themselves in the [[Cowichan Valley]] and the Comox Valley rather than the [[:Category:Canadian gold rushes|gold fields]] of the mainland as these were the two areas that had agricultural potential on the island. The first settlers were [[ |
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| ⚫ | Since 2008, the area has been in the [[Comox Valley Regional District]]. The growth industries in the Comox Valley in recent years are tourism and construction. A ski resort at nearby [[Mount Washington (British Columbia)|Mount Washington]] brings in tourists.<ref name="Fodor's1993">{{cite book|author=Fodor's|title=Fodor's 93 Pacific North Coast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVtGDR0L6WkC|date=February 1993|publisher=Fodor's Travel Publications|isbn=978-0-679-02324-1|page=334}}</ref> The [[Canadian Forces]] in the form of [[CFB Comox]] contributes to the local economy as well.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The service sector accounts for over 50% of employment.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The lumber resources of Comox Logging are now owned by TimberWest and are being cut for the second time. The remaining forest resources in Comox Valley are scattered amongst small woodlots on individual farms, or in isolated parks.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} |
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==Transportation== |
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| ⚫ | In 1862, Surveyor General [[Joseph Despard Pemberton|Pemberton]] secured funding from the colonial government in Victoria to construct the first road into the Comox area from Nanaimo. |
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Two main highways, several small airports, and a ferry terminal are the main transportation routes in and around the Comox Valley. The [[Southern Railway of Vancouver Island]] (formally known as the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (E&N Railway)) operates a freight railway line with its northern terminus at Courtenay. Passenger service on the railway was suspended in 2011.<ref name="Island Freight Rail Halted">{{cite news|url=http://www.timescolonist.com/business/island-freight-rail-halted-over-track-safety-concerns-1.1526515|title=Island freight rail halted over track safety concerns|work=Times Colonist|date=November 5, 2014|access-date=November 6, 2014}}</ref> |
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[[British Columbia Highway 19A|Highway 19A]] was the original north-south highway through the valley. For much of its route, it closely follows the shore and connects most of the communities. [[British Columbia Highway 19|Highway 19]] is farther inland, a faster route that bypasses the populated areas.<ref name=length>{{cite report |title=Landmark Kilometre Inventory |url=http://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/driving-and-transportation/transportation-infrastructure/engineering-standards-and-guidelines/traffic-engineering-and-safety/highway-safety/lki/lki_bc_201607.pdf |pages=285-305 |website=British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure |publisher=Cypher Consulting |date=July 2016 |access-date=March 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311044605/http://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/driving-and-transportation/transportation-infrastructure/engineering-standards-and-guidelines/traffic-engineering-and-safety/highway-safety/lki/lki_bc_201607.pdf |archivedate=March 11, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The area became the centre of one of the [[ |
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[[CFB Comox|Comox Valley Airport/CFB Comox]] is the main airport for the area. Courtenay Airpark, [[Courtenay Airpark Water Aerodrome]] and Smit Field are available for smaller aircraft. Regular air services primarily connect to Vancouver, along with service to destinations like Calgary and Edmonton. |
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==Today== |
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| ⚫ | Since 2008, the area has been in the [[Comox Valley Regional District]]. The growth industries in the Comox Valley in recent years are tourism and construction. A ski resort at nearby Mount Washington brings in tourists.<ref name="Fodor's1993">{{cite book|author=Fodor's|title=Fodor's 93 Pacific North Coast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVtGDR0L6WkC|date=February 1993|publisher=Fodor's Travel Publications|isbn=978-0-679-02324-1|page=334}}</ref> |
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The lumber resources of Comox Logging are now owned by [[TimberWest]] and are being cut for the second time. The remaining forest resources in Comox Valley are scattered amongst small woodlots on individual farms, or in isolated parks.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} |
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[[BC Ferries]] operates a terminal at [[Little River, British Columbia|Little River]] where it provides service to the [[Westview ferry terminal]] in [[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]] and [[Blubber Bay]] on [[Texada Island]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Comox-Powell River Ferry|url=http://www.bcferries.com/schedules/mainland/copr-current.php|website=BC Ferries|accessdate=19 May 2015}}</ref> |
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There is air service direct to [[Calgary]] and points south and east, as well as [[Edmonton]]. |
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==Culture== |
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In 2007 the area was designated one of Canada's "Cultural Capitals" by Canadian Heritage.<ref>Government of Canada. [http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ccc/ccc07-eng.cfm 2007 Cultural Capitals of Canada]. Canadian Heritage. Retrieved on: 2011-11-03.</ref> A number of music and arts events are undertaken in the region.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The community also has a number of volunteer and non-profit organizations devoted to cultural pursuits. |
In 2007 the area was designated one of Canada's "Cultural Capitals" by Canadian Heritage.<ref>Government of Canada. [http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ccc/ccc07-eng.cfm 2007 Cultural Capitals of Canada]. Canadian Heritage. Retrieved on: 2011-11-03.</ref> A number of music and arts events are undertaken in the region.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The community also has a number of volunteer and non-profit organizations devoted to cultural pursuits. |
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The Valley is known as "The Valley of Festivals". Events include the Art & Bloom Festival, North Island Hot Jazz Festival, Comox Valley Shellfish Festival, About Town!, Marina Park Main Event, CYMC Summer School & Festival, Vancouver Island MusicFest, Hornby Island Festival, Filberg Festival, Comox Nautical Days, Showcase Festival, Comox Valley Exhibition Fall Fair<ref name="Neering1996">{{cite book|author=Rosemary Neering|title=Backroading Vancouver Island|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_cRAQAAIAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Whitecap Books|isbn=978-1-55110-401-0|page=122}}</ref> and Cumberland Wild. |
The Valley is known as "The Valley of Festivals". Events include the Art & Bloom Festival, North Island Hot Jazz Festival, Comox Valley Shellfish Festival, About Town!, Marina Park Main Event, CYMC Summer School & Festival, Vancouver Island MusicFest, Hornby Island Festival, Filberg Festival, Comox Nautical Days, Showcase Festival, Comox Valley Exhibition Fall Fair,<ref name="Neering1996">{{cite book|author=Rosemary Neering|title=Backroading Vancouver Island|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_cRAQAAIAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Whitecap Books|isbn=978-1-55110-401-0|page=122}}</ref> and Cumberland Wild. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.comoxvalleyguide.com/ Comox Valley Guide] |
* [http://www.comoxvalleyguide.com/ Comox Valley Guide] |
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[[Category:Comox Valley| ]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:43, 1 January 2024
Comox Valley | |
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 A view of Comox Valley and Harbour from Mount Washington, with Strait of Georgia and Texada Island in the background | |
  Comox Valley Location in British Columbia, Canada | |
| Coordinates: 49°40′47″N 124°58′10″W / 49.6798337°N 124.9694395°W | |
| Location | Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada |
The Comox Valley is a region on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, that includes the city of Courtenay, the town of Comox, the village of Cumberland, and the unincorporated settlements of Royston, Union Bay, Fanny Bay, Black Creek, and Merville. The communities of Denman Island and Hornby Island are also considered part of the Comox Valley. The Comox Valley contains the 47th largest metropolitan area in Canada with a population of about 76,000 as of 2022.
Geography[edit]
The Comox Valley is a lowland area with deep alluvial soil.[1] There are mountains to the west, and the Comox Glacier overlooks the valley,[2][3] On the east, beaches stretch along the shore of the Strait of Georgia.[4]
History[edit]
There were three groups of indigenous people, the Comox, the Pentlatch (who were then nearly extinct), and the Lekwiltok, in the valley. They farmed in the rich soil there, keeping the land cleared through burning.[1]
According to researcher Samuel Bawlf, Sir Francis Drake visited this area in 1579. This assertion is written about in The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577–1580 and suggests that Drake's reference to landing in what he called New Albion (the name of the region of North America explored by Drake) was, in fact, what is now known as Comox.[5] This conclusion is not shared, however, by other historians such as Jules Verne and Samuel Johnson. According to the Canadian Encyclopedia, first contact in Comox between the original First Nations inhabitants and the first European visitors occurred in 1792 when HMS Discovery anchored in Comox Harbour.[6]
The first European settlers arrived in the spring of 1861, intending to start farms.[7]: 45–48 At that time, Governor James Douglas was encouraging settlers arriving in the Colony of Vancouver Island to establish themselves in the Cowichan Valley and the Comox Valley rather than the gold fields of the mainland as these were the two areas that had agricultural potential on the island. The first settlers were Nanaimo coal miners and Hudson's Bay Company employees, John and William Biggs, Thomas Dignan, Edwin Gough, Adam Grant Horne, Thomas Jones, Alexander McFarlane, George Mitchell, Thomas Williams, and Charles York all of whom had arrived on Vancouver Island before the 1858 gold rush. Of these, only Mitchell remained by 1862 when the Grappler arrived with the Comox Expedition. Dignan went to Gabriola Island. Horne and most of the others went to Nanaimo.[7]: 39–42 A small pox epidemic in 1862 decimated the native population.
In 1862, Surveyor General Pemberton secured funding from the colonial government in Victoria to construct the first road into the Comox area from Nanaimo. When it became clear that a 15-foot (4.6 m) wide wagon road would be too expensive, a bridle path with some bridges was built instead. Flooding and tree falls made maintenance of this road impossible. Until the mid-1890s, access to the area was only by sea.[7]: 101 In 1874 the 1,015-foot (309 m) government wharf and the first bridge over the Courtenay River were constructed.[7]: 108
The area became the centre of one of the British Empire's largest private railway concerns, the Comox Logging & Railway Company. It was also the headquarters of Comox Logging, which owned Block 29, a valuable stand of Douglas Fir timber, stretching from south of Courtenay well to the north of Campbell River. For a number of years, logging was the largest source of employment in the community. Logging and mining declined in the 1960s, and fishing later declined in the 1990s. At that time the region was one of the fastest growing in British Columbia, although the growth rate between 2001 and 2006 has averaged just 2.0% annually.[8] Most workers in the logging industry commuted to camps and logging operations further north on the Island or the mainland Coast; the Field lumber mill in Courtenay was disassembled in the fall of 2006.
Economy[edit]
Since 2008, the area has been in the Comox Valley Regional District. The growth industries in the Comox Valley in recent years are tourism and construction. A ski resort at nearby Mount Washington brings in tourists.[9] The Canadian Forces in the form of CFB Comox contributes to the local economy as well.[citation needed] The service sector accounts for over 50% of employment.[citation needed] The lumber resources of Comox Logging are now owned by TimberWest and are being cut for the second time. The remaining forest resources in Comox Valley are scattered amongst small woodlots on individual farms, or in isolated parks.[citation needed]
Transportation[edit]
Two main highways, several small airports, and a ferry terminal are the main transportation routes in and around the Comox Valley. The Southern Railway of Vancouver Island (formally known as the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (E&N Railway)) operates a freight railway line with its northern terminus at Courtenay. Passenger service on the railway was suspended in 2011.[10]
Highway 19A was the original north-south highway through the valley. For much of its route, it closely follows the shore and connects most of the communities. Highway 19 is farther inland, a faster route that bypasses the populated areas.[11]
Comox Valley Airport/CFB Comox is the main airport for the area. Courtenay Airpark, Courtenay Airpark Water Aerodrome and Smit Field are available for smaller aircraft. Regular air services primarily connect to Vancouver, along with service to destinations like Calgary and Edmonton.
BC Ferries operates a terminal at Little River where it provides service to the Westview ferry terminal in Powell River and Blubber Bay on Texada Island.[12]
Culture[edit]
In 2007 the area was designated one of Canada's "Cultural Capitals" by Canadian Heritage.[13] A number of music and arts events are undertaken in the region.[citation needed] The community also has a number of volunteer and non-profit organizations devoted to cultural pursuits.
The Valley is known as "The Valley of Festivals". Events include the Art & Bloom Festival, North Island Hot Jazz Festival, Comox Valley Shellfish Festival, About Town!, Marina Park Main Event, CYMC Summer School & Festival, Vancouver Island MusicFest, Hornby Island Festival, Filberg Festival, Comox Nautical Days, Showcase Festival, Comox Valley Exhibition Fall Fair,[14] and Cumberland Wild.
References[edit]
- ^ a b James Murton (1 November 2011). Creating a Modern Countryside: Liberalism and Land Resettlement in British Columbia. UBC Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-7748-4071-2.
- ^ Ian Smith (1 January 1973). Vancouver Island: Unknown Wilderness. University of Washington Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-295-95310-6.
- ^ Moon Handbooks: British Columbia. Avalon Travel Pub. May 2008. p. 171.
- ^ Western Canada. Ulysses Travel Guides. 2000. p. 147. ISBN 978-2-89464-244-3.
- ^ Bawlf, Samuel (2003). The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, 1577–1580. ISBN 1-55054-977-4.
- ^ Artibise, A. (2010). "Comox". The Canadian Encyclopedia, Historica-Dominion. Retrieved on: 2011-11-03.
- ^ a b c d Mackie, Richard Somerset (1995). The Wilderness Profound, Victorian Life on the Gulf of Georgia. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. ISBN 1-55039-058-9.
- ^ "Comox Valley Regional Growth Strategy, Chapter 1 (PDF)" (PDF). Comox Valley Regional Growth Strategy, Chapter 1 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
- ^ Fodor's (February 1993). Fodor's 93 Pacific North Coast. Fodor's Travel Publications. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-679-02324-1.
- ^ "Island freight rail halted over track safety concerns". Times Colonist. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
- ^ Landmark Kilometre Inventory (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (Report). Cypher Consulting. July 2016. pp. 285–305. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ "Comox-Powell River Ferry". BC Ferries. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ Government of Canada. 2007 Cultural Capitals of Canada. Canadian Heritage. Retrieved on: 2011-11-03.
- ^ Rosemary Neering (1996). Backroading Vancouver Island. Whitecap Books. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-55110-401-0.
External links[edit]
- Comox Valley Regional District
- Comox Valley Chamber of Commerce
- Discover Comox Valley
- Comox Valley Guide
