Echinacea simulata: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = Echinacea simulata.jpg |
|image = Echinacea simulata.jpg |
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|status = G4 |
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|status_system = TNC |
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|genus = Echinacea |
|genus = Echinacea |
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|species = simulata |
|species = simulata |
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'''''Echinacea simulata''''', commonly called ''' |
'''''Echinacea simulata''''', commonly called '''wavy leaf purple coneflower''',<ref name="USDA Plants Database">{{Cite web|url=https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ECSI|title=USDA Plants Database}}</ref> '''glade coneflower''',<ref name="MO">{{cite book |last1=Denison |first1=Edgar |title=Missouri Wildflowers |date=2017 |publisher=Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri |isbn=978-1-887247-59-7 |pages=60 |edition=Sixth}}</ref> or '''prairie purple coneflower''',<ref name="GA">{{cite web |title=Echinacea simulata |url=https://georgiabiodiversity.org/natels/profile?es_id=18578 |website=georgiabiodiversity.org}}</ref> is a species of [[perennial]] flowering plant in the family [[Asteraceae]].<ref name=k/> It is native to the east-central states of the [[United States]]. Its natural habitat is dry, [[calcareous]], open areas such as barrens and woodlands. |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Echinacea simulata'' is very similar in appearances to ''[[Echinacea pallida|E. pallida]]'', which has a different chromosome number. The most readily distinguishing morphological feature is that ''E. simulata'' has yellow [[pollen grains]]. More work is needed to determine the physical and ecological differences between these two taxa.<ref>{{cite web |title=US Wildflower - Wavyleaf Purple Coneflower, Prairie Purple Coneflower, Glade Coneflower - Echinacea simulata |url=https://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Echinacea%20simulata |website=USWildflowers.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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This species grows on usually unbranched stems up to {{convert |100|cm|ft|1|}} tall from a branched [[Wikt:fusiform|fusiform]] [[taproot]]. The foliage and [[Plant stem|stem]]s have spreading hairs that are sparsely to densely distributed. The stems are mostly green or purple mottled.<ref name =k/> The plant has both basal leaves and leaves along the stem. Leaves are alternate, simple, [[lanceolate]] and {{convert |5-40|cm|in|0|}} long.<ref name="GA"/> They usually have 3 primary veins.<ref name="MP">{{cite web |title=Echinacea simulata page |url=http://www.missouriplants.com/Echinacea_simulata_page.html |website=www.missouriplants.com}}</ref> The basal leaves and lower stem leaves have [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s that are {{convert |4–20|cm|in|1|}} long,<ref name=k/> and the stem leaves have shorter petioles or no petioles ([[sessility (botany)|sessile]]).<ref name="MP"/> |
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This species grows from 50 to 100 cm (20-40 inches) tall from branched [[Wikt:fusiform|fusiform]] [[taproot]]. The foliage and [[Plant stem|stem]]s with spreading hairs sparsely to densely distributed. The stems are mostly green or purple mottled. The basal leaves with [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s 4–20 cm long and the blades 3 or 5-nerved some leaves with 1 nerve, [[Leaf shape|linear to lanceolate]] and 5–40 cm long and 0.5–4 cm wide. The leaf bases tapering gradually with leaves having [[Leaf shape|entire margins]], usually with [[ciliate]] hairs. Normally single [[flower heads]] produced on peduncles 20–40+ cm (8-16 inches) long. [[Phyllaries]] or [[bracts]] below the [[flower heads]] [[Leaf shape|lanceolate to ovate]], 7–15 mm wide and 1.5–3.5 mm long. The flowers with paleae 10–14 mm long with pinkish to purple tips, incurved and sharp-pointed. Ray corollas normally soft rose to pink colored but also rarely off white. The [[Leaf|laminae]] are [[Leaf shape|drooping to reflexed]], 40–90 mm long and 4–7 mm wide, without hairs or sparsely hairy on the undersides. The [[flower heads]] are [[conic]] to [[Sphere#Hemisphere|hemispheric]], 20–30 mm wide and 20–30 mm tall with [[Disc floret|Disc]] [[Corolla (flower)|corollas]] 5–6.5 mm long, lobes pink to purplish. The seeds are produced in angled fruits called [[Cypselae]] that are tan and 3–4.5 mm long, with smooth surfaces, normally without hairs. One seed is produced per fruit and the seeds are rounded and gray-tan.<ref name=k>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416466 Flora of North America, Wavy-leaf purple coneflower, ''Echinacea simulata'' ]</ref> |
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Normally single [[flower heads]] are produced on [[peduncle (botany)|peduncles]] that are {{convert |20–40|cm|in|0|}} long. Ray [[Petal|corollas]] are normally soft rose to pink colored but also rarely off white. There are typically 8 to 21 rays that are {{convert |4-9|cm|in|1}} long and drooping, surrounding a central cone-shaped disk.<ref name="GA"/> The [[phyllaries]], or [[bracts]], below the [[flower heads]] are [[Leaf shape|lanceolate to ovate]], {{convert |7–15|mm|in|}} wide and {{convert |1.5–3|mm|in|}} long. The seeds are produced in angled fruits called [[Cypselae]] that are tan and {{convert |3–4.5|mm|in|}} long, with smooth surfaces, normally without hairs.<ref name=k>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416466 Flora of North America, Wavy-leaf purple coneflower, ''Echinacea simulata'' ]</ref> |
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<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> |
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> |
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Image:SeedsEchinaceasimulata.jpg|Fruits of ''Echinacea simulata'' |
Image:SeedsEchinaceasimulata.jpg|Fruits of ''Echinacea simulata'' |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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''E. simulata'' is native to the east-central states of [[Arkansas]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]] and [[Tennessee]]. The plant is rare in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. It is reported as introduced in Illinois.<ref>{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154840/Echinacea_simulata |website=explorer.natureserve.org}}</ref> The U.S. Department of Agriculture also reports it as native to [[North Carolina]] and [[Virginia]].<ref name="USDA Plants Database"/> Wavy leaf purple coneflower has a relatively small distribution, and its locations are still being determined.<ref>[https://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Echinacea%20simulata Wildflowers of the United States]</ref> |
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The plant grows in glades and open woodlands and prefers dry, calcareous soils.<ref name="MP"/> |
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==Ecology== |
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This species blooms in late spring to midsummer. Butterflies and bees are attracted to the nectar and birds eat the seeds in the late summer and fall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Echinacea simulata - Plant Finder |url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277423 |website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Flora of the Eastern United States]] |
[[Category:Flora of the Eastern United States]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1967]] |
[[Category:Plants described in 1967]] |
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{{Heliantheae-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:56, 7 November 2022
| Echinacea simulata | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Echinacea |
| Species: | E. simulata
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| Binomial name | |
| Echinacea simulata | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Echinacea simulata, commonly called wavy leaf purple coneflower,[2] glade coneflower,[3] or prairie purple coneflower,[4] is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.[5] It is native to the east-central states of the United States. Its natural habitat is dry, calcareous, open areas such as barrens and woodlands.
Description[edit]
Echinacea simulata is very similar in appearances to E. pallida, which has a different chromosome number. The most readily distinguishing morphological feature is that E. simulata has yellow pollen grains. More work is needed to determine the physical and ecological differences between these two taxa.[6]
This species grows on usually unbranched stems up to 100 centimetres (3.3 ft) tall from a branched fusiform taproot. The foliage and stems have spreading hairs that are sparsely to densely distributed. The stems are mostly green or purple mottled.[5] The plant has both basal leaves and leaves along the stem. Leaves are alternate, simple, lanceolate and 5–40 centimetres (2–16 in) long.[4] They usually have 3 primary veins.[7] The basal leaves and lower stem leaves have petioles that are 4–20 centimetres (1.6–7.9 in) long,[5] and the stem leaves have shorter petioles or no petioles (sessile).[7]
Normally single flower heads are produced on peduncles that are 20–40 centimetres (8–16 in) long. Ray corollas are normally soft rose to pink colored but also rarely off white. There are typically 8 to 21 rays that are 4–9 centimetres (1.6–3.5 in) long and drooping, surrounding a central cone-shaped disk.[4] The phyllaries, or bracts, below the flower heads are lanceolate to ovate, 7–15 millimetres (0.28–0.59 in) wide and 1.5–3 millimetres (0.059–0.118 in) long. The seeds are produced in angled fruits called Cypselae that are tan and 3–4.5 millimetres (0.12–0.18 in) long, with smooth surfaces, normally without hairs.[5]
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Fruits of Echinacea simulata
Distribution and habitat[edit]
E. simulata is native to the east-central states of Arkansas, Georgia, Kansas, Missouri and Tennessee. The plant is rare in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. It is reported as introduced in Illinois.[8] The U.S. Department of Agriculture also reports it as native to North Carolina and Virginia.[2] Wavy leaf purple coneflower has a relatively small distribution, and its locations are still being determined.[9]
The plant grows in glades and open woodlands and prefers dry, calcareous soils.[7]
Ecology[edit]
This species blooms in late spring to midsummer. Butterflies and bees are attracted to the nectar and birds eat the seeds in the late summer and fall.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ The Plant List, Echinacea simulata McGregor
- ^ a b "USDA Plants Database".
- ^ Denison, Edgar (2017). Missouri Wildflowers (Sixth ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-887247-59-7.
- ^ a b c "Echinacea simulata". georgiabiodiversity.org.
- ^ a b c d Flora of North America, Wavy-leaf purple coneflower, Echinacea simulata
- ^ "US Wildflower - Wavyleaf Purple Coneflower, Prairie Purple Coneflower, Glade Coneflower - Echinacea simulata". USWildflowers.com.
- ^ a b c "Echinacea simulata page". www.missouriplants.com.
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
- ^ Wildflowers of the United States
- ^ "Echinacea simulata - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org.