Measures of national income and output and Sialkot International Airport: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Airport
{{Redirect|GNP}}
| name = Sialkot International Airport
| nativename =
| nativename-a = سیالکوٹ بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا
| nativename-r =
| image = Sialkot_Airport_Logo.jpg
| image2 = Airport Skt.jpg
| image-width =
| caption =
| IATA = SKT
| ICAO = OPST
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = [[Sialkot International Airport Limited]]
| city-served = [[Sialkot]]
| location = [[Sambrial]]
| elevation-f = 837
| elevation-m = 255
| coordinates = {{coord|32|32|08|N|74|21|50|E|type:airport }}
| website = [http://www.sial.com.pk www.sial.com.pk]
| metric-elev =
| metric-rwy =
| r1-number = 04R/22L
| r1-length-f = 11,811
| r1-length-m = 3,600
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| stat-year = 2007
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes =
}}


'''Sialkot International Airport''' {{airport codes|SKT|OPST}} is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of [[Sialkot]] in the [[Sialkot District]] of [[Pakistan]]. Approximately 1,000,000 travellers from Sialkot and adjacent areas are expected to benefit from this [[international airport]] each year.
'''Measures of national income and output''' are used in [[economics]] to estimate the welfare of an economy through totaling the value of goods and services produced in an economy. They use a system of [[national accounts|national accounting]] first developed during the 1940s. The primary measures of national income and output are [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] ('''GDP'''), Gross National Product ('''GNP'''), [[Gross National Income]] ('''GNI'''), [[Net National Product]] ('''NNP'''), and [[Net National Income]] ('''NNI''').
== History ==
The export oriented industrial city of Sialkot had long felt the need of an international passenger and cargo airport. The nearest one was in [[Lahore]] which is about 125 km away. The federal government promised the industrialists of Sialkot an international airport but due to bureaucratic red-tape, indifference by the [[government]] and more importantly its proximity to [[Indian]] occupied [[Kashmir]] and the periodic shelling from across the border, no work could be started. Finally, tired of foot-dragging, Sialkot's industrialists in the late 80's agreed to build the airport themselves and sought the federal government's approval. On [[February 2]] [[2001]], approval was granted after a decade of negotiations with the federal government and construction of an international airport at Sialkot for passenger and cargo traffic began. A team of directors were approved, under the chairmanship of Mian Muhammad Riaz (CEO of Dr. Frigz International & three times chairman for SIAL) all of whom placed personal wealth into the project as a primary investment. Each director on the board had previous experience of running sizeable and successful enterprises, therefore they were all selected due to this knowledge. Also, with [[Rupee|Rs]] 5 million of personal investment in the project by each one of them, the directors had a direct stake in its profitability. As the development of SIAL went on, the number of directors had reached 250 and it was decided to close membership to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors at SIAL inspired confidence that the potential of the airport project will be fully realized. On [[February 26]] [[2001]], a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the [[Sialkot Chamber of Commerce & Industry]] and the [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority]] with the approval of Ministry of Defence for the construction of the international airport in Sialkot.


On [[March 24]][[ 2005]], Sialkot International Airport Limited (SIAL) was formed under the auspices of the Chamber. On [[March 26]] [[2005]], the first plane landed on the newly constructed runway, which has been built to handle a fully loaded [[Boeing 747]] as future plans involved dealing with heavy aircraft for cargo imports and exports. [[PIA]] test flight PK-613 landed at the Sialkot International Airport on [[October 20]], [[2007]].
There are three main ways of calculating these numbers; the '''output approach''', the '''income approach''' and the '''expenditure approach'''. In theory, the three must yield the same, because total expenditures on goods and services (GNE) must equal the total income paid to the producers (GNI), and that must also equal the total value of the output of goods and services (GNP).


A memorandum of understanding between PIA and Sialkot International Airport Authority for mutual cooperation and joint promotion of Sialkot International Airport was signed by Anwaar Rasul Khan, Senior Vice President (Sales), PIA, and Mian Naeem Javed, Director, Sialkot International Airport.
However, in practice minor differences are obtained from the various methods due to changes in inventory levels. This is because goods in inventory have been produced (therefore included in GNP), but not yet sold (therefore not yet included in GNE). Similar timing issues can also cause a slight discrepancy between the value of goods produced (GNP) and the payments to the factors that produced the goods, particularly if inputs are purchased on credit, and also because wages are collected often after a period of production.


First and biggest ever international airport constructed in the private sector in Pakistan, at a cost of over Rs 2.6 billion became operational on [[November 30]], [[2007]]. President [[Pervez Musharraf]] formally inaugurated the Rs 2.6 billion Sialkot International Airport [[December 11]], [[2007]]; the country’s first built by the private sector.
== GDP vs GNP ==
Gross domestic product ('''GDP''') is defined as the "value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year".<ref>Gross Domestic Product, http://www.apheda.org.au/campaigns/burma_schools_kit/resources/1074040257_16812.html</ref> On the other hand, gross national product ('''GNP''') is defined as the "value of all (final) goods and services produced in a country in one year, plus income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners in the country".<ref>Gross National Product, http://www.apheda.org.au/campaigns/burma_schools_kit/resources/1074040257_16812.html</ref> The key difference between the two is that GDP is the total output of a region, eg. United States, and GNP is the total output of all nationals of a region, eg. Americans.


PIA has begun flying in and out of Sialkot to the state of Kuwait.From October 26, 2008 PIA will start Sialkot-Abu Dhabi Flight once a week on every sunday.
To give an example of the difference between GDP and GNP, and also income, using United States:<ref>U.S. GDP, GNP, and GNI for 2006, http://www.federalreserve.gov/Releases/Z1/</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+''' National income and output (Billions of dollars)
|- style=" background:#efefef; "
! colspan="1" | Period Ending || 2006
|- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold; " |
| Gross national product || align="right"| 11,059.3
|-
| Net U.S. income receipts from rest of the world || align="right"| 55.2
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp; U.S. income receipts || align="right"| 329.1
|-
| &nbsp; &nbsp; U.S. income payments || align="right"| 273.9
|- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold;" |
| Gross domestic product || align="right"| 11,004.1
|-
| Private consumption of fixed capital || align="right"| 1,135.9
|-
| Government consumption of fixed capital || align="right"| 218.1
|-
| Statistical discrepancy || align="right"| 25.6
|- style="background:#efefef;font-weight:bold;" |
| National Income || align="right"| 9,679.7
|}


== Structure ==
Sialkot is a major export hub of Pakistan. The airport is being upgraded to make it compatible to carry the load of three Boeing 747s. The airport authority is currently working with a private company to develop the [[airport]] to meet international standards. The airport has developed a brand new runway so heavier aircraft can land there. There is a new terminal currently being built to deal with increase in passengers as well as cargo imports and exports.


* Services
GNP is becoming less used, as a larger number of nationals are working in nations abroad. Because of this, GDP is becoming a more popular measure.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2006-09/27/content_697807.htm China Daily - Gross Domestic Product]</ref>
** Fuel farm
** Aircraft ground maintenance services
** Catering
** Other related services through concessions to private parties.


* Runway;
== Derivatives of GDP ==
**3,600 meter long, 45-meter wide with 7.5-meter wide shoulders on either side corresponding to International Civil Aviation Organization Category 4E.


* Link Taxiway;
A number of ratios are derived from GDP. These include:
**263-meter long, 23-meter wide with 10.5-meter shoulders.


* Aprons;
*'''NDP''': Net domestic product is defined as "gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation of capital",<ref>[http://450.aers.psu.edu/glossary_search.cfm?letter=n Penn State Glossary]</ref> similar to NNP.
**For passenger and cargo, 45,000-Sq meter area. Combination of flexible and rigid pavements.
* '''GDP per capita''': Gross domestic product per capita is the mean value of the output produced per person, which is also the mean income.
**Nose-in parking for 4 wide-bodied aircraft at a time or 3 [[Airbus]] plus 3 F-27 aircraft at a time.


== Airlines and destinations ==
These terms often use "expenditure", or "income" instead of "product". These are still the same, as for all goods that are produced, an amount of money equal to the value of the goods produced is spent on purchasing the goods, and the money spent purchasing the goods is paid to the workers as income. Therefore, production, expenditures, and income are all equal.


===Domestic===
Also, "domestic" is often substituted with "national", as explained in GDP vs. GNP.
* [[Pakistan International Airlines]] ([[Karachi International Airport|Karachi]])


===International===
== The Output Approach ==
* [[Pakistan International Airlines]] ([[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait]])
The '''Output Approach''' focuses on finding the total output of a nation by directly finding the total value of all goods and services a nation produces.
* [[Pakistan International Airlines]] ([[Abu Dhabi Airport|Abu Dhabi]])


===Cargo===
Because of the complication of the multiple stages in the production of a good or service, only the final value of a good or service is included. This avoids an issue often referred to as "double counting" - when the total value of a good is included in the national output in several stages of production. In the example of meat production, the value of the good from the farm may be $10, then $30 from the butchers, and then $60 from the supermarket. The value that should be included in final national output should be $60, not the sum of all those numbers, $100. The [[value added|values added]] at each stage of production over the previous stage are respectively $10, $20, and $30. Their sum gives an alternative way of calculating the value of final output.
* [[Qatar Airways|Qatar Airways Cargo]] ([[Doha International Airport|Doha]]) ''starts 27 October'' [http://historyofpia.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=12418&sid=75ff8769866eebd448416f52134cc8cf]


=== Planned ===
The method of National Income by Output, Value Added method:
* [[Air Arabia]] ([[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]])<ref>[http://www.daily.pk/business/businessnews/55-businessnews/6117-sialkot-international-airport-and-dubai-cargo-flights-pact-signed.html Air Arabia to Start pessenger flights from Sialkot Intl.]</ref>
* [[Emirates SkyCargo]] ([[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]]) ''starts 2008'' <ref>[http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/jul2008-daily/16-07-2008/cities/sialkot/index.php EK Skycargo To Start Cargo Ops From Sialkot Intl.]</ref>
* [[Airblue]] (Dubai, [[London]], Karachi, [[Multan]]) [planned 2009]


== Airport Pictures ==
GDP at market price = Value of Output in an economy in a particular year - Intermediate consumption
* [http://www.historyofpia.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=10817&highlight=sialkot| SIAL Photos 1]
* [http://www.historyofpia.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=10816&highlight=sialkot| SIAL Photos 2]
NNP at factor cost = GDP at market price - Depreciation + NFIA ''(Net Factor Income from Abroad)'' - Net Indirect Taxes<ref>[http://www.acronymattic.com/results.aspx?q=NFIA NFIA meaning - Acronym Attic<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [http://www.historyofpia.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11081&highlight=sialkot| SIAL Photos 3]


== The Income Approach ==
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
The '''Income Approach''' focuses on finding the total output of a nation by finding the total income of a nation. This is acceptable, because all money spent on the production of a good - the total value of the good - is paid to workers as income.
Image:Airport_Tower_Skt.jpg| Sialkot International Airport Tower
Image:PIA_Skt.jpg| PIA [[Boeing 737]] at Sialkot International Airport
Image:Airport_Sialkot_5.jpg| PIA [[Boeing 737]] at Sialkot International Airport
Image:Jumboo 747 sialkot.jpg| PIA [[Boeing 747]]-300 [[Jumbo Jet]] landed at Sialkot International Airport
Image:Sialkot airport map.jpg| Sialkot International Airport Plan
Image:Sial5.jpg| Sialkot International Airport main entrance
Image:SIAL 2.jpg| Aerial View of Sialkot International Airport
Image:PIAAD1.JPG| 1st International Flight
Image:PIAAD2.JPG| 1st national Flight
</gallery>


== See also ==
The main types of income that are included in this measurement are rent (the money paid to owners of land), salaries and wages (the money paid to workers who are involved in the production process, and those who provide the natural resources), interest (the money paid for the use of man-made resources, such as machines used in production), and profit (the money gained by the entrepreneur - the businessman who combines these resources to produce a good or service).
* [[List of airports in Pakistan]]
* [[Airlines of Pakistan]]
* [[Pakistan International Airlines]]
* [[Transport in Pakistan]]
* [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority]]
* [[Sialkot Cantonment Airport]]
* [[Sialkot International Airport Limited]]
* [[Sialkot]]


==References==
The equation for measurement of National Income by Income Method:
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
NDP at factor cost = compensation of employee + operating surplus + Mixed income of self employee
* [http://www.sial.com.pk Official Website of Sialkot International Airport Limited]
* [http://www.piac.com.pl Official Website of Pakistan Internation Airlines]
* [http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/sialkot/ Sialkot International Airport, Sialkot, Pakistan] - Airport-technology.com, Accessed 2008-02-06
* [http://www.oursialkot.com/airport/sial.htm Sialkot International Airport] - OurSialkot.com
* [http://www.sial.com.pk/feasiblty.pdf Feasibility of SIAL: Official Costs Reports] - Accessed 2008-01-10


National Income = NDP at factor cost + NFIA (net factor income from abroad)

== The Expenditure Approach ==
The '''Expenditure Approach''' is the most popular national output accounting method. It focuses on finding the total output of a nation by finding the total amount of money spent. This too is acceptable, because like income, the total value of all goods is equal to the total amount of money spent on goods. The basic formula for domestic output combines all the different areas in which money is spent within the region, and then combining them to find the total output.

:'''GDP''' = '''C''' + '''I''' + '''G''' + ('''X''' - '''M''')

Where:<br />
'''C''' = Household consumption expendituresPersonal consumption expenditures<br />
'''I''' = Gross private domestic investment<br />
'''G''' = Government consumption and gross investment expenditures<br />
'''X''' = Gross exports of goods and services<br />
'''M''' = Gross imports of goods and services<br />

Note: ('''X''' - '''M''') is often written as '''N<sub>X</sub>''', which stands for "Net Exports"

== National income and welfare ==
GDP per capita (per person) is often used as a measure of a person's [[quality of life|welfare]]. Countries with higher GDP may be more likely to also score highly on other measures of welfare, such as [[life expectancy]]. However, there are serious limitations to the usefulness of GDP as a measure of welfare:
* Measures of GDP typically exclude unpaid economic activity, most importantly domestic work such as childcare. This leads to distortions; for example, a paid nanny's income contributes to GDP, but an unpaid parent's time spent caring for children will not, even though they are both carrying out the same economic activity.
* GDP takes no account of the inputs used to produce the output. For example, if everyone worked for twice the number of hours, then GDP might roughly double, but this does not necessarily mean that workers are better off as they would have less leisure time. Similarly, the impact of economic activity on the environment is not measured in calculating GDP.
* Comparison of GDP from one country to another may be distorted by movements in exchange rates. Measuring national income at [[purchasing power parity]] may overcome this problem at the risk of overvaluing basic goods and services, for example subsistence farming.
* GDP does not measure factors that affect quality of life, such as the quality of the environment (as distinct from the input value) and security from crime. This leads to distortions - for example, spending on cleaning up an oil spill is included in GDP, but the negative impact of the spill on well-being (e.g. loss of clean beaches) is not measured.
* GDP is the mean wealth rather than median wealth. Countries with a skewed income distribution may have a relatively high per-capita GDP while the majority of its citizens have a relatively low level of income, due to concentration of wealth in the hands of a small fraction of the population. See [[Gini coefficient]].

Because of this, other measures of welfare such as the [[Human Development Index]] (HDI), [[Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare]] (ISEW), [[Genuine Progress Indicator]] (GPI), [[Gross National Happiness]] (GNH) and [[Sustainable National Income]] (SNI) are used.

==See also==
*[[Capital formation]]
*[[Compensation of employees]]
*[[European System of Accounts]]
*[[Gross domestic product]]
*[[Gross National Happiness]] (GNH)
*[[Gross output]]
*[[Intermediate consumption]]
*[[National accounts]]
*[[National Income and Product Accounts]]
*[[Net output]]
*[[United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA)]]
*[[Wealth]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{Pakistan airports}}
==External links==
* [http://www.historicalstatistics.org Historicalstatistics.org: Links to historical national accounts and statistics for different countries and regions]
* [http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/economic/gnp/ World Bank's Development and Education Program Website]




[[Category:Economic indicators]]
[[Category:Airports in Pakistan]]
[[Category:National accounts]]
[[Category:Sialkot District]]
[[Category:Sialkot]]


{{Pakistan-airport-stub}}
[[af:Bruto nasionale produk]]
[[ur:سیالکوٹ بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا]]
[[ar:مقاييس الدخل والإنتاج القومي]]
[[an:Produto Nazional Bruto]]
[[br:Produadur Broadel Gros]]
[[bg:Брутен национален продукт]]
[[ca:Renda Nacional Bruta]]
[[cs:Hrubý národní produkt]]
[[da:Bruttonationalprodukt]]
[[de:Bruttonationaleinkommen]]
[[el:Ακαθάριστο εθνικό προϊόν]]
[[es:Producto Nacional Bruto]]
[[eo:Malneta Nacia Produkto]]
[[fr:Produit national brut]]
[[it:Prodotto nazionale lordo]]
[[he:תוצר לאומי גולמי]]
[[lv:Nacionālais kopprodukts]]
[[lt:Bendrasis nacionalinis produktas]]
[[hu:Bruttó nemzeti termék]]
[[nl:Bruto nationaal product]]
[[ja:国民総生産]]
[[no:Bruttonasjonalprodukt]]
[[pl:Produkt narodowy brutto]]
[[pt:Produto nacional bruto]]
[[ru:Валовой национальный продукт]]
[[fi:Kansantalouden tilinpito]]
[[sv:Bruttonationalprodukt]]
[[th:มาตรวัดรายรับและผลผลิตของประเทศ]]
[[vi:Tổng sản lượng quốc gia]]
[[tr:Gayrisafi millî hasıla]]
[[zh:国民生产总值]]

Revision as of 08:40, 11 October 2008

Sialkot International Airport

سیالکوٹ بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا
File:Airport Skt.jpg
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorSialkot International Airport Limited
ServesSialkot
LocationSambrial
Elevation AMSL837 ft / 255 m
Coordinates32°32′08″N 74°21′50″E / 32.53556°N 74.36389°E / 32.53556; 74.36389
Websitewww.sial.com.pk
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
04R/22L 11,811 3,600 Asphalt

Sialkot International Airport (IATA: SKT, ICAO: OPST) is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of Sialkot in the Sialkot District of Pakistan. Approximately 1,000,000 travellers from Sialkot and adjacent areas are expected to benefit from this international airport each year.

History

The export oriented industrial city of Sialkot had long felt the need of an international passenger and cargo airport. The nearest one was in Lahore which is about 125 km away. The federal government promised the industrialists of Sialkot an international airport but due to bureaucratic red-tape, indifference by the government and more importantly its proximity to Indian occupied Kashmir and the periodic shelling from across the border, no work could be started. Finally, tired of foot-dragging, Sialkot's industrialists in the late 80's agreed to build the airport themselves and sought the federal government's approval. On February 2 2001, approval was granted after a decade of negotiations with the federal government and construction of an international airport at Sialkot for passenger and cargo traffic began. A team of directors were approved, under the chairmanship of Mian Muhammad Riaz (CEO of Dr. Frigz International & three times chairman for SIAL) all of whom placed personal wealth into the project as a primary investment. Each director on the board had previous experience of running sizeable and successful enterprises, therefore they were all selected due to this knowledge. Also, with Rs 5 million of personal investment in the project by each one of them, the directors had a direct stake in its profitability. As the development of SIAL went on, the number of directors had reached 250 and it was decided to close membership to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors at SIAL inspired confidence that the potential of the airport project will be fully realized. On February 26 2001, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Sialkot Chamber of Commerce & Industry and the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority with the approval of Ministry of Defence for the construction of the international airport in Sialkot.

On March 242005, Sialkot International Airport Limited (SIAL) was formed under the auspices of the Chamber. On March 26 2005, the first plane landed on the newly constructed runway, which has been built to handle a fully loaded Boeing 747 as future plans involved dealing with heavy aircraft for cargo imports and exports. PIA test flight PK-613 landed at the Sialkot International Airport on October 20, 2007.

A memorandum of understanding between PIA and Sialkot International Airport Authority for mutual cooperation and joint promotion of Sialkot International Airport was signed by Anwaar Rasul Khan, Senior Vice President (Sales), PIA, and Mian Naeem Javed, Director, Sialkot International Airport.

First and biggest ever international airport constructed in the private sector in Pakistan, at a cost of over Rs 2.6 billion became operational on November 30, 2007. President Pervez Musharraf formally inaugurated the Rs 2.6 billion Sialkot International Airport December 11, 2007; the country’s first built by the private sector.

PIA has begun flying in and out of Sialkot to the state of Kuwait.From October 26, 2008 PIA will start Sialkot-Abu Dhabi Flight once a week on every sunday.

Structure

Sialkot is a major export hub of Pakistan. The airport is being upgraded to make it compatible to carry the load of three Boeing 747s. The airport authority is currently working with a private company to develop the airport to meet international standards. The airport has developed a brand new runway so heavier aircraft can land there. There is a new terminal currently being built to deal with increase in passengers as well as cargo imports and exports.

  • Services
    • Fuel farm
    • Aircraft ground maintenance services
    • Catering
    • Other related services through concessions to private parties.
  • Runway;
    • 3,600 meter long, 45-meter wide with 7.5-meter wide shoulders on either side corresponding to International Civil Aviation Organization Category 4E.
  • Link Taxiway;
    • 263-meter long, 23-meter wide with 10.5-meter shoulders.
  • Aprons;
    • For passenger and cargo, 45,000-Sq meter area. Combination of flexible and rigid pavements.
    • Nose-in parking for 4 wide-bodied aircraft at a time or 3 Airbus plus 3 F-27 aircraft at a time.

Airlines and destinations

Domestic

International

Cargo

Planned

Airport Pictures

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ Air Arabia to Start pessenger flights from Sialkot Intl.
  2. ^ EK Skycargo To Start Cargo Ops From Sialkot Intl.

External links


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