HS-376: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Communications satellite bus}} |
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{{Infobox spacecraft class |
{{Infobox spacecraft class |
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| name = Boeing 376 |
| name = Boeing 376 |
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| manufacturer =[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |
| manufacturer =[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |
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| designer = |
| designer = |
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| country = |
| country =United States |
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| operator = |
| operator = |
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| applications =[[Communications satellite]] |
| applications =[[Communications satellite]] |
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| batteries = |
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| equipment = |
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| first = [[Anik C1]] April 12, 1985 |
| first = [[Anik C1]] April 12, 1985 |
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| last = [[Eutelsat 31A|eBird 1]] September 27, 2003 |
| last = [[Eutelsat 31A|eBird 1]] September 27, 2003 |
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| lastretired = |
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<!--Related spacecraft--> |
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| flown_with = <!--other non-derived or non-subsatellite craft (e.g. Gemini Target Vehicle, Apollo Lunar Module)--> |
| flown_with = <!--other non-derived or non-subsatellite craft (e.g. Gemini Target Vehicle, Apollo Lunar Module)--> |
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| previous =[[HS-333]] |
| previous =[[HS-333]] |
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The '''Boeing 376''' (sometimes referred to as the '''BSS-376''', and previously as the '''HS-376''') is a [[communications satellite]] [[satellite bus|bus]] introduced in 1978 by [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes Space and Communications Company]]. It was a [[Spin-stabilized satellite|spin-stabilized]] bus that the manufacturer claims was the first standardized platform.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376 /><ref name=gsp-hs376 /> |
The '''Boeing 376''' (sometimes referred to as the '''BSS-376''', and previously as the '''HS-376''') is a [[communications satellite]] [[satellite bus|bus]] introduced in 1978 by [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Hughes Space and Communications Company]]. It was a [[Spin-stabilized satellite|spin-stabilized]] bus that the manufacturer falsely claims was the first standardized platform.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376 /><ref name=gsp-hs376 /> The Lockheed "Standard Agena" had been in use for more than two decades when the first HS-376 was launched. |
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<!-- == Design == |
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== |
== Design == |
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The satellite bus was designed and manufactured by [[Hughes Space and Communications Company|Hughes]]. This [[Spin-stabilized satellite|spin-stabilized]] platform had two main sections. The spinning section was kept rotating at 50 rpm to maintain attitude, and a despun section was used by the payload to maintain radio coverage.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376bsat1 /><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /> |
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The spinning section included the [[apogee kick motor]], most of the attitude control, the power subsystem and the [[Astrionics#Command_and_telemetry|command and telemetry]] subsystems. The despun section contained the communications payload, including the antennas and transponders.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376bsat1 /><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /> |
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The stock version had a launch mass of {{convert|1100|to|1450|kg|abbr=on}}, a mass of {{convert|540|to|790|kg|abbr=on}} after reaching [[geostationary orbit]] and an 8 to 10-year design life. When stowed for launch, its dimensions were {{convert|2.8|to|3.15|m|abbr=on}} in height and {{convert|2.16|m|abbr=on}} in diameter. With its solar panels fully extended its height was {{convert|6.6|to|8|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376thaicom /><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs/><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /> |
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Its power system generated approximately 1,100 to 1,200 [[watt|watts]] of power at [[BOL (engineering)|beginning of life]], thanks to two cylindrical solar panels. The bottom panel was retracted around the body and top panel for launch, and extended downwards for operation. It also had two [[Nickel–cadmium battery|NiCd batteries]] for solar eclipses.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376thaicom /><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs/><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /> |
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== Versions == |
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There were four variations of this platform: |
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* '''HS-376''': The original version of the platform was launched in 1977. It had a mass between {{convert|1.1|to|1.45|tonne|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gsp-hs376 /> |
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* '''HS-376L''': The Longer life version of the platform was launched in 1991. It had reduced power of 700 Watts and reduced electronics weight, which allowed for increased station keeping propellant supply. This lengthened the design life to 13.5 years.<ref name=gsp-hs376 /><ref name=gsp-thaicom1 /><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376thaicom /> |
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* '''HS-376HP''': A Higher Power version of the platform was launched in 1995. It had a mass between {{convert|1.45|to|1.55|tonne|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gsp-hs376 /> |
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* '''HS-376W''': The Wide version of the platform was launched in 1990. It was wider, more powerful and modernized electronics. It was a joint development with [[National Institute for Space Research|INPE]]. It had a diameter of {{convert|3.43|m|abbr=on}} and more power.<ref name=gsp-hs376 /><ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376brasilsatb /><ref name=gsp-brasilsatb /> |
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== Satellites == |
== Satellites == |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |
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!Satellite |
! rowspan=2 | Satellite |
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!Other |
! rowspan=2 | Other names |
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!Operator |
! rowspan=2 | Operator |
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!Model |
! rowspan=2 | Model |
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!Ordered |
! rowspan=2 | Ordered |
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!Launch |
! rowspan=2 | Launch |
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!Launch |
! rowspan=2 | Launch vehicle |
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!Launch |
! rowspan=2 | Launch result |
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! |
! colspan=2 | Mass (kg) at... |
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! rowspan=2 | Remarks |
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⚫ | |||
!Remarks |
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|- |
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! Launch |
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! [[SBS 2 (satellite)|SBS 2]] || || || HS-376 || 1977 || 1981-09-24 || [[Delta II|Delta-3910]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1117 || 540 || |
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| [[SBS 1]] || || || HS-376 || 1977 || 1980-11-15 || [[Delta II|Delta-3910]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1117 || 540 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs /><ref name=gsp-sbs1 /> |
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|- |
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| [[SBS 2 (satellite)|SBS 2]] || || || HS-376 || 1977 || 1981-09-24 || [[Delta II|Delta-3910]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1117 || 540 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs /><ref name=gsp-sbs1 /> |
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|- |
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| [[Westar 4]] || || || HS-376 || 1980 || 1982-02-26 || [[Delta II|Delta-3910]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1100 || 582 || |
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| [[Westar 5]] || || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1982-06-09 || [[Delta II|Delta-3910]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1100 || 582 || |
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| [[Anik D1]] || || || HS-376 || || 1982-08-26 || [[Delta II|Delta-3920]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 634 || |
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| [[Anik C3]] || || || HS-376 || 1978 || 1982-11-11 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 563 || |
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| [[SBS 3 (satellite)|SBS 3]] || || || HS-376 || 1981 || 1982-11-11 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1117 || 540 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs /><ref name=gsp-sbs1 /> |
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|- |
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| [[Anik C2]] || Nahuel I2 || || HS-376 || 1978 || 1983-06-18 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 563 || |
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| [[Palapa B1]] || Palapa Pacific 1 || || HS-376 || 1980 || 1983-06-18 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 692 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /><ref name=gsp-palapab /> |
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| [[Galaxy 1]] || || || HS-376 || || 1983-06-28 || [[Delta II|Delta-3920]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 709 || |
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| [[Telstar 301]] || [[Arabsat-1E]] || || HS-376 || 1980 || 1983-07-28 || [[Delta II|Delta-3920]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 653 || |
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| [[Galaxy 2 (satellite)|Galaxy 2]] || || || HS-376 || || 1983-09-22 || [[Delta II|Delta-3920]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 709 || |
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| [[Palapa B2]] || || || HS-376 || 1980 || 1984-02-03 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{failure|PAM ignition failed, satellite recovered}} || 1200 || 692 || Launched along [[Westar 6]]. [[PAM-D]] failed to ignite, [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]] recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as [[Palapa B2R]].<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /><ref name=gsp-palapab /> |
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| [[Westar 6]] || || || HS-376 || || 1984-02-03 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{failure|PAM ignition failed, satellite recovered}} || 1244 || 582 || Launched along [[Palapa B2]]. [[PAM-D]] failed to ignite, [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]] recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as [[AsiaSat 1]]. |
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|- |
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| [[SBS 4]] || HGS 5 || || HS-376 || 1983 || 1984-08-30 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1117 || 540 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs /><ref name=gsp-sbs1 /> |
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| [[Telstar 302]] || || || HS-376 || 1980 || 1984-08-30 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 653 || |
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| [[Galaxy 3 (satellite)|Galaxy 3]] || || || HS-376 || || 1984-09-21 || [[Delta II|Delta-3920]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 709 || |
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| [[Anik D2]] || Satcom 4R<br />Arabsat 1D || || HS-376 || || 1984-11-08 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 634 || |
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| [[Brasilsat-A1]] || SBTS 1 || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1985-02-08 || [[Ariane 3]] || {{success}} || 1195 || {{NA}} || |
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| [[Anik C1]] || Nahuel I1<br/>Brasil 1T || || HS-376 || 1978 || 1985-04-12 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 563 || |
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| [[Morelos 1]] || || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1985-06-17 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 647 || |
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| [[Telstar 303]] || || || HS-376 || 1980 || 1985-06-17 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 653 || |
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| [[Aussat A1]] || [[Optus A1]] || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1985-08-27 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1250 || 654 || |
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| [[Aussat A2]] || [[Optus A2]] || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1985-11-27 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1250 || 654 || |
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| [[Morelos 2]] || || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1985-11-27 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1140 || 647 || |
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| [[Brasilsat-A2]] || SBTS 2 || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1986-03-28 || [[Ariane 3]] || {{success}} || 1195 || {{NA}} || |
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| [[Palapa B2P]] || [[Palapa B3]]<br />[[Agila 1]] || || HS-376 || 1984 || 1987-03-20 || [[Delta II|Delta-3920]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 692 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /><ref name=gsp-palapab /> |
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| [[Aussat A3]] || [[Optus A3]] || || HS-376 || 1982 || 1987-09-16 || [[Ariane 3]] || {{success}} || 1250 || 696 || |
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| [[SBS 5]] || || || HS-376 || 1983 || 1988-09-08 || [[Ariane 3]] || {{success}} || 1117 || 540 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs /><ref name=gsp-sbs1 /> |
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| [[Marcopolo 1]] || [[Sirius 1 (satellite)|Sirius 1]]<br />[[Sirius W]] || || HS-376 || 1987 || 1989-08-27 || [[Delta II|Delta-4925]] || {{success}} || 1250 || 660 || |
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| [[AsiaSat 1]] || || || HS-376 || || 1990-04-07 || [[Long March 3]] || {{success}} || 1244 || 582 || Was [[Westar 6]], but the launch on [[Space Shuttle]] failed. It was recovered and launched again as AsiaSat 1. |
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| [[Palapa B2R]] || [[NewSat 1]] || || HS-376 || || 1990-04-13 || [[Delta II|Delta-6925-8]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 692 || Was [[Palapa B2]], but the launch on [[Space Shuttle]] failed. It was recovered and launched again as Palapa B2R.<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /><ref name=gsp-palapab /> |
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| [[Marcopolo 2]] || [[Thor 1 (satellite)|Thor 1]] || || HS-376 || 1987 || 1990-08-18 || [[Delta II|Delta-6925-8]] || {{success}} || 1250 || 662 || |
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| [[Prowler (satellite)|Prowler]] || || || HS-376 || || 1990-11-15 || [[Space Shuttle|Shuttle]]/[[PAM-D]] || {{success}} || {{NA}} || {{NA}} || |
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| [[Galaxy 5]] || || || HS-376 || 1989 || 1992-03-14 || [[Atlas I]] || {{success}} || 1390 || 788 || |
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| [[Palapa B4]] || || || HS-376 || || 1992-05-14 || [[Delta II|Delta-7925-8]] || {{success}} || 1200 || 692 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab /> |
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| [[Galaxy 1R]] || || || HS-376 || 1989 || 1992-08-22 || [[Atlas I]] || {{failure}} || 1390 || 788 || Launch failure |
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| [[Galaxy 6]] || [[Westar 6S]] || || HS-376 || 1983 || 1992-10-12 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L]] || {{success}} || 1390 || 709 || |
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| [[Thaicom 1]] || [[Thaicom 1A]] || || HS-376L || 1991 || 1993-12-18 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L]] || {{success}} || 1080 || 629 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376thaicom /> |
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| [[Galaxy 1R2]] || || || HS-376 || 1992 || 1994-02-19 || [[Delta II|Delta-7925-8]] || {{success}} || 1390 || 788 || |
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| [[APSTAR-1]] || [[ZX-5E]] || || HS-376 || 1992 || 1994-07-21 || [[Long March 3]] || {{success}} || 1400 || 726 || |
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| [[Brasilsat B1]] || || || HS-376W || 1990 || 1994-08-10 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44LP]] || {{success}} || 1757 || 1052 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376brasilsatb /><ref name=gsp-brasilsatb /> |
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| [[Thaicom 2]] || || || HS-376L || 1991 || 1994-10-07 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L]] || {{success}} || 1080 || 629 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376thaicom /> |
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| [[Brasilsat B2]] || || || HS-376W || 1990 || 1995-03-28 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44LP]] || {{success}} || 1757 || 1052 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376brasilsatb /><ref name=gsp-brasilsatb /> |
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| [[MEASAT-1]] || [[AFRICASAT-1]] || || HS-376 || 1994 || 1996-01-12 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L]] || {{success}} || 1450 || 886 || |
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| [[Galaxy 9]] || || || HS-376 || 1995 || 1996-05-24 || [[Delta II|Delta-7925]] || {{success}} || 1390 || 788 || |
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| [[APSTAR-1A]] || [[ZX-5D]] || || HS-376 || 1995 || 1996-07-03 || [[Long March 3]] || {{success}} || 1400 || 726 || |
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| [[Chinasat-7|ZX 7]] || [[Chinasat-7]]<br />HGS 2 || || HS-376 || 1995 || 1996-08-18 || [[Long March 3]] || {{failure}} || 1384 || 734 || Launch failure |
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| [[MEASAT-2]] || [[AFRICASAT-2]] || || HS-376 || 1994 || 1996-11-13 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L]] || {{success}} || 1450 || 886 || |
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| [[BSAT-1a]] || || || HS-376 || 1993 || 1997-04-16 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44LP]] || {{success}} || 1236 || 723 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376bsat1 /> |
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| [[Thor 2 (satellite)|Thor 2]] || || || HS-376HP || 1995 || 1997-05-20 || [[Delta II|Delta-7925]] || {{success}} || 1467 || 853 || |
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| [[Brasilsat B3]] || || || HS-376W || 1995 || 1998-02-04 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44LP]] || {{success}} || 1757 || 1052 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376brasilsatb /><ref name=gsp-brasilsatb /> |
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| [[BSAT-1b]] || || || HS-376 || 1993 || 1998-04-28 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44P]] || {{success}} || 1236 || 723 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376bsat1 /> |
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| [[Thor 3 (satellite)|Thor 3]] || || || HS-376HP || 1997 || 1998-06-10 || [[Delta II|Delta-7925]] || {{success}} || 1451 || 853 || |
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| [[Sirius 3]] || || || HS-376HP || 1997 || 1998-10-05 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L]] || {{success}} || 1465 || 815 || |
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| [[Bonum 1]] || || || HS-376HP || 1997 || 1998-11-22 || [[Delta II|Delta-7925]] || {{success}} || 1425 || 793 || |
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| [[Brasilsat B4]] || || || HS-376W || 1998 || 2000-08-17 || [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44LP]] || {{success}} || 1757 || 1052 || <ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376brasilsatb /><ref name=gsp-brasilsatb /> |
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| [[Astra 2D]] || || || HS-376HP || 1999 || 2000-12-20 || [[Ariane 5G]] || {{success}} || 1445 || 824 || |
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⚫ | |||
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| [[eBird 1]] || [[Eurobird 3]]<br />[[Eutelsat 33A]]<br />[[Eutelsat 31A]] || || HS-376HP || 2000 || 2003-09-27 || [[Ariane 5G]] || {{success}} || 1530 || 895 || |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist|2|refs= |
{{reflist|2|refs= |
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<ref name=gsp-brasilsatb>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/brasilsat-b.htm |title=Brasilsat B 1, 2, 3, 4 |website=Gunter's Space Page |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |date=2016-04-17 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> |
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<ref name=gsp-hs376>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/hs-376.htm |title=Hughes / Boeing: HS-376 / BSS-376 |website=Gunter's Space Page |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |date=2016-04-21 |access-date=2016-08-16}}</ref> |
<ref name=gsp-hs376>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/hs-376.htm |title=Hughes / Boeing: HS-376 / BSS-376 |website=Gunter's Space Page |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |date=2016-04-21 |access-date=2016-08-16}}</ref> |
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<ref name= |
<ref name=gsp-palapab>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/palapa-b.htm |title=Palapa B1, B2, B2P, B2R, B4 / Palapa Pacific / Agila 1 / NewSat 1 |website=Gunter's Space Page |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |date=2016-04-17 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> |
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<ref name=gsp-sbs1>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sbs-1.htm |title=SBS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 / HGS 5 |website=Gunter's Space Page |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |date=2016-04-17 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> |
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<ref name=gsp-thaicom1>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/thaicom-1.htm |title=Thaicom 1, 2 |website=Gunter's Space Page |last1=Krebs |first1=Gunter Dirk |date=2016-08-08 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> |
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<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/programs_376.html |title=Boeing 376 |publisher=[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |access-date=2016-08-16 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305043942/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/programs_376.html |archivedate=2010-03-05 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376brasilsatb>{{cite web|url=http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/brasilsat_b/brasilsat_b.html |title=Brasilsat B |publisher=[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |access-date=2016-08-18 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207073639/http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/brasilsat_b/brasilsat_b.html |archivedate=2010-02-07 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376bsat1>{{cite web|url=http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/bsat_1/bsat_1.html |title=BSAT-1 |publisher=[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |access-date=2016-08-18 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207074924/http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/bsat_1/bsat_1.html |archivedate=2010-02-07 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376palapab>{{cite web|url=http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/palapa_b/palapa_b.html |title=Palapa-B |publisher=[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |access-date=2016-08-18 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207074810/http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/palapa_b/palapa_b.html |archivedate=2010-02-07 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376sbs>{{cite web|url=http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/sbs/sbs.html |title=SBS |publisher=[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |access-date=2016-08-18 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207074507/http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/sbs/sbs.html |archivedate=2010-02-07 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=boeingdefenseandspace-boeing376thaicom>{{cite web|url=http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/thaicom/thaicom.html |title=THAICOM |publisher=[[Boeing Satellite Development Center]] |access-date=2016-08-18 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207072708/http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/bss/factsheets/376/thaicom/thaicom.html |archivedate=2010-02-07 }}</ref> |
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[[Category:Satellite buses]] |
[[Category:Satellite buses]] |
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{{communications-satellite-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 06:18, 27 January 2024
Manufacturer | Boeing Satellite Development Center | ||
---|---|---|---|
Country of origin | United States | ||
Applications | Communications satellite | ||
Specifications | |||
Spacecraft type | Spin-stabilized | ||
Power | 800 to 2,000 Watts | ||
Production | |||
Status | Retired | ||
On order | 58 | ||
Built | 58 | ||
Launched | 58 | ||
Maiden launch | Anik C1 April 12, 1985 | ||
Last launch | eBird 1 September 27, 2003 | ||
Related spacecraft | |||
Derived from | HS-333 | ||
Derivatives | HS-393 | ||
|
The Boeing 376 (sometimes referred to as the BSS-376, and previously as the HS-376) is a communications satellite bus introduced in 1978 by Hughes Space and Communications Company. It was a spin-stabilized bus that the manufacturer falsely claims was the first standardized platform.[1][2] The Lockheed "Standard Agena" had been in use for more than two decades when the first HS-376 was launched.
Design[edit]
The satellite bus was designed and manufactured by Hughes. This spin-stabilized platform had two main sections. The spinning section was kept rotating at 50 rpm to maintain attitude, and a despun section was used by the payload to maintain radio coverage.[3][4]
The spinning section included the apogee kick motor, most of the attitude control, the power subsystem and the command and telemetry subsystems. The despun section contained the communications payload, including the antennas and transponders.[3][4]
The stock version had a launch mass of 1,100 to 1,450 kg (2,430 to 3,200 lb), a mass of 540 to 790 kg (1,190 to 1,740 lb) after reaching geostationary orbit and an 8 to 10-year design life. When stowed for launch, its dimensions were 2.8 to 3.15 m (9 ft 2 in to 10 ft 4 in) in height and 2.16 m (7 ft 1 in) in diameter. With its solar panels fully extended its height was 6.6 to 8 m (22 to 26 ft).[5][6][4]
Its power system generated approximately 1,100 to 1,200 watts of power at beginning of life, thanks to two cylindrical solar panels. The bottom panel was retracted around the body and top panel for launch, and extended downwards for operation. It also had two NiCd batteries for solar eclipses.[5][6][4]
Versions[edit]
There were four variations of this platform:
- HS-376: The original version of the platform was launched in 1977. It had a mass between 1.1 to 1.45 t (1.21 to 1.60 tons).[2]
- HS-376L: The Longer life version of the platform was launched in 1991. It had reduced power of 700 Watts and reduced electronics weight, which allowed for increased station keeping propellant supply. This lengthened the design life to 13.5 years.[2][7][5]
- HS-376HP: A Higher Power version of the platform was launched in 1995. It had a mass between 1.45 to 1.55 t (1.60 to 1.71 tons).[2]
- HS-376W: The Wide version of the platform was launched in 1990. It was wider, more powerful and modernized electronics. It was a joint development with INPE. It had a diameter of 3.43 m (11.3 ft) and more power.[2][8][9]
Satellites[edit]
The HS-376 was a very successful satellite platform with 58 satellites ordered, built and launched. It was also the first satellite to launch from the Space Shuttle.[2]
Satellite | Other names | Operator | Model | Ordered | Launch | Launch vehicle | Launch result | Mass (kg) at... | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Launch | BOL | |||||||||
SBS 1 | HS-376 | 1977 | 1980-11-15 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
SBS 2 | HS-376 | 1977 | 1981-09-24 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
Westar 4 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1982-02-26 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1100 | 582 | |||
Westar 5 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1982-06-09 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Success | 1100 | 582 | |||
Anik D1 | HS-376 | 1982-08-26 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 634 | ||||
Anik C3 | HS-376 | 1978 | 1982-11-11 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 563 | |||
SBS 3 | HS-376 | 1981 | 1982-11-11 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
Anik C2 | Nahuel I2 | HS-376 | 1978 | 1983-06-18 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 563 | ||
Palapa B1 | Palapa Pacific 1 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1983-06-18 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 692 | [4][11] | |
Galaxy 1 | HS-376 | 1983-06-28 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
Telstar 301 | Arabsat-1E | HS-376 | 1980 | 1983-07-28 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 653 | ||
Galaxy 2 | HS-376 | 1983-09-22 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
Palapa B2 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1984-02-03 | Shuttle/PAM-D | PAM ignition failed, satellite recovered | 1200 | 692 | Launched along Westar 6. PAM-D failed to ignite, Shuttle recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as Palapa B2R.[4][11] | ||
Westar 6 | HS-376 | 1984-02-03 | Shuttle/PAM-D | PAM ignition failed, satellite recovered | 1244 | 582 | Launched along Palapa B2. PAM-D failed to ignite, Shuttle recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as AsiaSat 1. | |||
SBS 4 | HGS 5 | HS-376 | 1983 | 1984-08-30 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | |
Telstar 302 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1984-08-30 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 653 | |||
Galaxy 3 | HS-376 | 1984-09-21 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
Anik D2 | Satcom 4R Arabsat 1D |
HS-376 | 1984-11-08 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 634 | |||
Brasilsat-A1 | SBTS 1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-02-08 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1195 | — | ||
Anik C1 | Nahuel I1 Brasil 1T |
HS-376 | 1978 | 1985-04-12 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 563 | ||
Morelos 1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-06-17 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 647 | |||
Telstar 303 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1985-06-17 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 653 | |||
Aussat A1 | Optus A1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-08-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1250 | 654 | ||
Aussat A2 | Optus A2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-11-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1250 | 654 | ||
Morelos 2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-11-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | 1140 | 647 | |||
Brasilsat-A2 | SBTS 2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1986-03-28 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1195 | — | ||
Palapa B2P | Palapa B3 Agila 1 |
HS-376 | 1984 | 1987-03-20 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Success | 1200 | 692 | [4][11] | |
Aussat A3 | Optus A3 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1987-09-16 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1250 | 696 | ||
SBS 5 | HS-376 | 1983 | 1988-09-08 | Ariane 3 | Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
Marcopolo 1 | Sirius 1 Sirius W |
HS-376 | 1987 | 1989-08-27 | Delta-4925 | Success | 1250 | 660 | ||
AsiaSat 1 | HS-376 | 1990-04-07 | Long March 3 | Success | 1244 | 582 | Was Westar 6, but the launch on Space Shuttle failed. It was recovered and launched again as AsiaSat 1. | |||
Palapa B2R | NewSat 1 | HS-376 | 1990-04-13 | Delta-6925-8 | Success | 1200 | 692 | Was Palapa B2, but the launch on Space Shuttle failed. It was recovered and launched again as Palapa B2R.[4][11] | ||
Marcopolo 2 | Thor 1 | HS-376 | 1987 | 1990-08-18 | Delta-6925-8 | Success | 1250 | 662 | ||
Prowler | HS-376 | 1990-11-15 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Success | — | — | ||||
Galaxy 5 | HS-376 | 1989 | 1992-03-14 | Atlas I | Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
Palapa B4 | HS-376 | 1992-05-14 | Delta-7925-8 | Success | 1200 | 692 | [4] | |||
Galaxy 1R | HS-376 | 1989 | 1992-08-22 | Atlas I | Failure | 1390 | 788 | Launch failure | ||
Galaxy 6 | Westar 6S | HS-376 | 1983 | 1992-10-12 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1390 | 709 | ||
Thaicom 1 | Thaicom 1A | HS-376L | 1991 | 1993-12-18 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1080 | 629 | [5] | |
Galaxy 1R2 | HS-376 | 1992 | 1994-02-19 | Delta-7925-8 | Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
APSTAR-1 | ZX-5E | HS-376 | 1992 | 1994-07-21 | Long March 3 | Success | 1400 | 726 | ||
Brasilsat B1 | HS-376W | 1990 | 1994-08-10 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
Thaicom 2 | HS-376L | 1991 | 1994-10-07 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1080 | 629 | [5] | ||
Brasilsat B2 | HS-376W | 1990 | 1995-03-28 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
MEASAT-1 | AFRICASAT-1 | HS-376 | 1994 | 1996-01-12 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1450 | 886 | ||
Galaxy 9 | HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-05-24 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
APSTAR-1A | ZX-5D | HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-07-03 | Long March 3 | Success | 1400 | 726 | ||
ZX 7 | Chinasat-7 HGS 2 |
HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-08-18 | Long March 3 | Failure | 1384 | 734 | Launch failure | |
MEASAT-2 | AFRICASAT-2 | HS-376 | 1994 | 1996-11-13 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1450 | 886 | ||
BSAT-1a | HS-376 | 1993 | 1997-04-16 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1236 | 723 | [3] | ||
Thor 2 | HS-376HP | 1995 | 1997-05-20 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1467 | 853 | |||
Brasilsat B3 | HS-376W | 1995 | 1998-02-04 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
BSAT-1b | HS-376 | 1993 | 1998-04-28 | Ariane-44P | Success | 1236 | 723 | [3] | ||
Thor 3 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-06-10 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1451 | 853 | |||
Sirius 3 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-10-05 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1465 | 815 | |||
Bonum 1 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-11-22 | Delta-7925 | Success | 1425 | 793 | |||
Brasilsat B4 | HS-376W | 1998 | 2000-08-17 | Ariane-44LP | Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
Astra 2D | HS-376HP | 1999 | 2000-12-20 | Ariane 5G | Success | 1445 | 824 | |||
Astra 3A | HS-376HP | 2000 | 2002-03-29 | Ariane-44L | Success | 1514 | 908 | |||
eBird 1 | Eurobird 3 Eutelsat 33A Eutelsat 31A |
HS-376HP | 2000 | 2003-09-27 | Ariane 5G | Success | 1530 | 895 |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Boeing 376". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-03-05. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Hughes / Boeing: HS-376 / BSS-376". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
- ^ a b c d "BSAT-1". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "Palapa-B". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e "THAICOM". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f g "SBS". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-08-08). "Thaicom 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e "Brasilsat B". Boeing Satellite Development Center. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Brasilsat B 1, 2, 3, 4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "SBS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 / HGS 5". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b c d Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-17). "Palapa B1, B2, B2P, B2R, B4 / Palapa Pacific / Agila 1 / NewSat 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-08-18.