John Coggeshall: Difference between revisions

John Coggeshall Sr.
John Coggeshall Sr.
	John Coggeshall grave medallion
1st President of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
	In office; 1647–1647
Preceded by	position created
Succeeded by	Jeremy Clarke
Personal details
Born	2 December 1599; Halstead, Essex, England
Died	27 November 1647; Newport, Rhode Island
Resting place	Coggeshall Cemetery, Newport, Rhode Island
Children	John, Anne, Mary, James, Joshua, Hananiel, Wait, Bedaiah
Occupation	Merchant, selectman, deputy, corporal, moderator, president

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 16:55, 22 October 2023

John Coggeshall Sr. (2 December 1599 – 27 November 1647) was one of the founders of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and the first President of all four towns in the Colony. He was a successful silk merchant in Essex, England, but he emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1632 and quickly assumed a number of roles in the colonial government. In the mid-1630s, he became a supporter of dissident minister John Wheelwright and of Anne Hutchinson. Hutchinson was tried as a heretic in 1637, and Coggeshall was one of three deputies who voted for her acquittal. She was banished from the colony in 1638, and the three deputies who voted for her acquittal were also compelled to leave. Before leaving Boston, Coggeshall and many other Hutchinson supporters signed the Portsmouth Compact in March 1638 agreeing to form a government based on the individual consent of the inhabitants. They then established the settlement of Portsmouth on Aquidneck Island (called Rhode Island at the time), one of the four towns comprising the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.

Coggeshall was very active in civil affairs, but a rift in the leadership of the colony caused him and several other leaders to leave in 1639, moving to the south end of the island and establishing the town of Newport. The towns of Portsmouth and Newport reunited in 1640 under the leadership of William Coddington, and Coggeshall was his assistant until 1647 when the two towns on Rhode Island united to form a common government with the towns of Providence and Warwick, and Coggeshall was elected President of the entire Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. His tenure was very short due to his death later the same year, but during his administration many laws were established which became the basis for the colony and the future State of Rhode Island.

England and Massachusetts[edit]

John Coggeshall was the son of John and Ann (Butter) Coggeshall. He was born and raised in northeastern Essex, England, and baptised at Halstead.^[1] After his marriage, he lived four miles (six km) away in Castle Hedingham where several of his children were baptised, and where he was a merchant prior to his emigration.^[2]^[3] In 1632, Coggeshall and his family joined the mass migration of English Puritans to New England, sailing on the Lyon, the same ship that carried Roger Williams the year before.^[4]^[5] The Coggeshalls first settled at Roxbury where they were admitted to the Roxbury Church the year of their arrival, and where John Eliot became the pastor.^[6] In 1634, Coggeshall moved with his family to Boston where he and his wife were admitted to the church on 20 August,^[4] and where they became the nextdoor neighbors of William and Anne Hutchinson.^[7]

Coggeshall was a mercer in the silk trade, and he held many offices in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.^[8] He was a deputy to the General Court for Boston from 1634 to 1637 and a Boston selectman during the same period. In 1634, he was also on a committee to survey Mount Wollaston, and also on a committee to oversee ammunition.^[8]

Sometime after moving to Boston, Coggeshall became an enthusiastic supporter of Anne Hutchinson, who was at the centre of the growing Antinomian Controversy. Also supporting her initially were the Reverend John Cotton and many of the Boston church members.^[9] Even the colony's Governor Henry Vane was a strong admirer, but he was voted out of office and John Winthrop became the governor. At that point, strong measures were taken to "stamp out heresy and drive out the heretics,"^[9] in the words of one modern historian. Anne Hutchinson was tried, convicted, and banished from the colony because of her religious opinions, her prophecies of God's wrath and destruction upon the colony, and her influence in fanning the flames of controversy within the community.^[9] At her civil trial, Coggeshall spoke out in her defense and was one of only three deputies to vote for her acquittal, the other two being William Aspinwall and William Coddington.^[9]^[10] Coggeshall also supported dissident minister Reverend John Wheelwright, whose wife was the sister of Anne Hutchinson's husband. Shortly after Hutchinson's banishment, Coggeshall was expelled from the General Court and was also directed to leave Massachusetts in March 1638.^[9]

Many of Hutchinson's supporters were ordered out of the Massachusetts colony, but a group of them (including Coggeshall) signed what is called the Portsmouth Compact before leaving Boston, thus establishing a non-sectarian civil government with a Christian focus, upon the universal consent of the inhabitants.^[9] The group initially planned to settle in New Netherland, but they were persuaded by Roger Williams to purchase some land from the Indians on Narragansett Bay. They moved to the northeast end of Rhode Island and established the settlement of Pocasset, changing the name to Portsmouth in 1639.^[11] William Coddington was elected the first judge (governor) of the settlement.^[12] In May 1638, Coggeshall was on a committee to lay out land there, and he was granted six acres at the same time.^[8] The following year, a disagreement prompted Coddington and a few other leaders, including Coggeshall, to leave Portsmouth and begin a new settlement called Newport at the south end of the island.^[13] Governor Winthrop described the 1639 disagreement in Portsmouth in his journal: "the people grew very tumultuous and put out Mr. Coddington and the other three magistrates." Coggeshall was one of the three referred to by Winthrop.^[14]

Rhode Island[edit]

Coggeshall was soon a leader in Newport and was granted 400 acres (1.6 km²) of land on the south side of the town, along Bellevue Avenue. In the first election in 1638, he was elected as treasurer, and he became an assistant to the governor in 1640, which position he held continuously until 1647.^[11] He had a good working relationship with Roger Williams which helped the towns of Portsmouth, Newport, Providence, and Warwick to unite and form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in the Spring of 1647, under the patent that Williams had obtained from the crown in 1644.^[11] In May 1647, Coggeshall was elected the chief magistrate of the four-town colony with the title of President.^[11] He had an assistant from each town, a general recorder, and a treasurer. Under his administration, the courts of justice were established and the first complete code of laws was written.^[11] Rhode Island historian and Lieutenant Governor Samuel G. Arnold made this tribute to the digest of statutes enacted under Coggeshall in 1647:

For simplicity of diction, unencumbered as it is by the superfluous verbiage that clothes our modern statutes in learned obscurity; for breadth of comprehension, embracing as it does the foundation of the whole body of law, on every subject, which has since been adopted; and for vigor and originality of thought and boldness of expression, as well as for the vast significance and the brilliant triumph of the principles it embodies, the Digest of 1647 presents a model of legislation which has never been surpassed.^[11]
— Samuel G. Arnold, writing of the laws established during Coggeshall's administration

Coggeshall was in office only briefly, dying of an illness in Newport on 27 November 1647 and being buried on his own property there. He is noted for being the first president of the united Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He is also noted for helping to establish the three towns of Boston, Portsmouth, and Newport, and the two colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island.^[11]

Family and legacy[edit]

Coggeshall's wife was named Mary, but her maiden name remains uncertain. Some sources claim that her maiden name was Gould, another says that it was Surgis, but these are undocumented.^[8] Coggeshall and his wife had eight children, five of whom were born in England and the others in Boston, but only half of whom are known to have survived to maturity.^[8] Their oldest child John was very active in colonial affairs over a period of three decades, serving as treasurer, commissioner, assistant, and deputy governor.^[15] Their son Joshua also served in public office as deputy to the General Court of Rhode Island for all but two years between 1664 and 1672, and as assistant (magistrate) for all but one year from 1669 to 1676. Their oldest daughter Ann married Peter Easton, a son of Nicholas Easton who served many terms as either president or governor of the Rhode Island colony.^[16] Their daughter Wayte married Daniel Gould; descendant Elizabeth Buffum Chace was an abolitionist with the Underground Railroad.

Places named for President Coggeshall include John Coggeshall Elementary School in Portsmouth, Rhode Island; Coggeshall Way and Coggeshall Circle in rural Middletown; and Coggeshall Avenue in Newport, which goes through the original Coggeshall property.

References[edit]

^ Coggeshall 1930, p. 6.
^ Anderson 1995, pp. 406–407.
^ Moriarty 1943, p. 131.
^ ^a ^b Anderson 1995, p. 405.
^ Austin 1887, p. 430.
^ Anderson 1995, pp. 405, 630–631.
^ Battis 1962, p. 68.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Anderson 1995, p. 406.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bicknell 1920, p. 992.
^ Battis claims that "Coddington and Colburn alone dissented." (Saints and Sectaries (1962), page 208)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bicknell 1920, p. 993.
^ Bicknell 1920, pp. 992–993.
^ Johnson & Brown 1904.
^ Anderson 1995, p. 482.
^ Austin 1887, p. 49.
^ Austin 1887, pp. 49, 294.

Bibliography[edit]

Anderson, Robert Charles (1995). The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633. Vol. I. Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 405–9. ISBN 978-0-88082-120-9. OCLC 42469253.
Austin, John Osborne (1887). Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island. Albany, New York: J. Munsell's Sons. ISBN 978-0-8063-0006-1.
Battis, Emery (1962). Saints and Sectaries: Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Bicknell, Thomas Williams (1920). The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Vol. 3. New York: The American Historical Society. pp. 989–994.
Coggeshall, Charles Pierce (1930). The Coggeshalls in America: Genealogy of the Descendants of John Coggeshall of Newport, with a brief notice of their English antecedents. Boston: C. E. Goodspeed.
Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Vol. II. Boston: The Biographical Society.
Moriarty, G. Andrews (January 1943). "Additions and Corrections to Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island". The American Genealogist. 19: 131–2.

External links[edit]

Chronological list of Rhode Island leaders Archived 2 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine

[FOOTNOTECoggeshall19306-1] Coggeshall 1930, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTEAnderson1995406–407-2] Anderson 1995, pp. 406–407.

[FOOTNOTEMoriarty1943131-3] Moriarty 1943, p. 131.

[FOOTNOTEAnderson1995405-4] Anderson 1995, p. 405.

[FOOTNOTEAustin1887430-5] Austin 1887, p. 430.

[FOOTNOTEAnderson1995405,_630–631-6] Anderson 1995, pp. 405, 630–631.

[FOOTNOTEBattis196268-7] Battis 1962, p. 68.

[FOOTNOTEAnderson1995406-8] Anderson 1995, p. 406.

[FOOTNOTEBicknell1920992-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bicknell 1920, p. 992.

[10] Battis claims that "Coddington and Colburn alone dissented." (Saints and Sectaries (1962), page 208)

[FOOTNOTEBicknell1920993-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bicknell 1920, p. 993.

[FOOTNOTEBicknell1920992–993-12] Bicknell 1920, pp. 992–993.

[FOOTNOTEJohnsonBrown1904-13] Johnson & Brown 1904.

[FOOTNOTEAnderson1995482-14] Anderson 1995, p. 482.

[FOOTNOTEAustin188749-15] Austin 1887, p. 49.

[FOOTNOTEAustin188749,_294-16] Austin 1887, pp. 49, 294.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{for|his son, the deputy governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|John Coggeshall Jr.}}
-{{Infobox Governor
+{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
-|name = John Coggeshall
+{{Infobox officeholder
+|name = John Coggeshall Sr.
 |image = Coggeshall.John.GraveMedalion.2.110722.jpg
-|image width = 200px
 |caption = John Coggeshall grave medallion
 |order = 1st
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
 |predecessor = position created
 |successor = [[Jeremy Clarke (Governor)|Jeremy Clarke]]
-|birth_date = baptized 9 December 1601
+|birth_date = 2 December 1599
 |birth_place = [[Halstead]], [[Essex]], England
 |death_date = 27 November 1647
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
 |resting_place = Coggeshall Cemetery, Newport, Rhode Island
 |occupation = Merchant, [[selectman]], deputy, corporal, moderator, president
-|religion =
 |spouse =
 |children = John, Anne, Mary, James, Joshua, Hananiel, Wait, Bedaiah
 }}
-'''John Coggeshall''' (1601 – 27 November 1647) was one of the founders of [[Rhode Island]] and the first [[List of colonial governors of Rhode Island|President]] of all four towns in the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]]. Coming from [[Essex]], England as a successful merchant in the silk trade, Coggeshall arrived in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] in 1632 and quickly assumed a number of roles in the colonial government. In the mid-1630s he became a supporter of the dissident ministers [[John Wheelwright]] and [[Anne Hutchinson]]. When Hutchinson was tried as a heretic in 1637, Coggeshall was one of three deputies who voted for her acquittal. Hutchinson was banished from the colony in 1638, and the three deputies who voted for her acquittal were also compelled to depart.
+'''John Coggeshall Sr.''' (2 December 1599 – 27 November 1647) was one of the founders of the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]] and the first President of all four towns in the Colony. He was a successful silk merchant in [[Essex]], England, but he emigrated to the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] in 1632 and quickly assumed a number of roles in the colonial government. In the mid-1630s, he became a supporter of dissident minister [[John Wheelwright]] and of [[Anne Hutchinson]]. Hutchinson was tried as a heretic in 1637, and Coggeshall was one of three deputies who voted for her acquittal. She was banished from the colony in 1638, and the three deputies who voted for her acquittal were also compelled to leave. Before leaving Boston, Coggeshall and many other Hutchinson supporters signed the [[Portsmouth Compact]] in March 1638 agreeing to form a government based on the individual consent of the inhabitants. They then established the settlement of [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]] on [[Aquidneck Island]] (called Rhode Island at the time), one of the four towns comprising the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
+Coggeshall was very active in civil affairs, but a rift in the leadership of the colony caused him and several other leaders to leave in 1639, moving to the south end of the island and establishing the town of [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]]. The towns of Portsmouth and Newport reunited in 1640 under the leadership of [[William Coddington]], and Coggeshall was his assistant until 1647 when the two towns on Rhode Island united to form a common government with the towns of [[Providence Plantations|Providence]] and [[Warwick, Rhode Island|Warwick]], and Coggeshall was elected President of the entire Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. His tenure was very short due to his death later the same year, but during his administration many laws were established which became the basis for the colony and the future State of Rhode Island.
-Before leaving Boston, Coggeshall and many other [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Portsmouth|Hutchinson supporters]] signed a [[Portsmouth Compact|compact]] in March 1638 agreeing to form a government based on the individual consent of the inhabitants. They then established the new colony of [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]] on [[Aquidneck Island]], also called Rhode Island, in the [[Narragansett Bay]], later one of four towns comprising the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
-Coggeshall was once again very active in civil affairs, but a rift in the leadership of the colony caused him and [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Newport|several other leaders]] to leave in 1639, and move to the south end of the island, establishing the town of [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]]. The two towns of Portsmouth and Newport reunited in 1640 under the leadership of [[William Coddington]], and Coggeshall was his assistant until 1647 when the two towns of Rhode Island united to form a common government with the towns of [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]] and [[Warwick, Rhode Island|Warwick]], and Coggeshall was elected President of the entire colony of four towns. His tenure was very short due to his death later the same year, but during his administration many excellent laws were established, becoming the legal basis for both the colony and state of Rhode Island.
 == England and Massachusetts ==
-John Coggeshall, the son of John and Ann (Butter) Coggeshall, was born and raised in northeastern [[Essex]], England, being baptized at [[Halstead]].{{sfn|Coggeshall|1930|p=6}}  After his marriage he lived four miles (six&nbsp;km) away in [[Castle Hedingham]] where several of his children were baptized, and where he was a merchant prior to his emigration.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|pp=406-407}}{{sfn|Moriarty|1943|p=131}}  In 1632, Coggeshall and his family joined the mass immigration of English [[Puritans]] to New England, sailing on the ''Lyon,'' the same ship that brought [[Roger Williams(theologian)|Roger Williams]] the year before.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=405}}{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=430}}  The Coggeshalls first settled at [[Roxbury, Massachusetts|Roxbury]] where they were admitted to the Roxbury Church the year of their arrival, and where [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] would soon be the pastor.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|pp=405, 630-631}}  In 1634 Coggeshall moved with his family to [[Boston]] where he and his wife were admitted to the church on 20 August,{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=405}} and where they became the next door neighbors of [[William Hutchinson (Rhode Island)|William]] and [[Anne Hutchinson]].{{sfn|Battis|1962|p=68}}
+John Coggeshall was the son of John and Ann (Butter) Coggeshall. He was born and raised in northeastern [[Essex]], England, and baptised at [[Halstead]].{{sfn|Coggeshall|1930|p=6}}  After his marriage, he lived four miles (six&nbsp;km) away in [[Castle Hedingham]] where several of his children were baptised, and where he was a merchant prior to his emigration.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|pp=406–407}}{{sfn|Moriarty|1943|p=131}}  In 1632, Coggeshall and his family joined the [[Puritan migration to New England (1620–40)|mass migration]] of English [[Puritans]] to New England, sailing on the ''Lyon,'' the same ship that carried [[Roger Williams]] the year before.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=405}}{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=430}}  The Coggeshalls first settled at [[Roxbury, Massachusetts|Roxbury]] where they were admitted to the Roxbury Church the year of their arrival, and where [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] became the pastor.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|pp=405, 630-631}}  In 1634, Coggeshall moved with his family to [[Boston]] where he and his wife were admitted to the church on 20 August,{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=405}} and where they became the nextdoor neighbors of [[William Hutchinson (Rhode Island judge)|William]] and [[Anne Hutchinson]].{{sfn|Battis|1962|p=68}}
 [[File:Portsmouth Compact document.jpg|thumb|left|Portsmouth Compact with Coggeshall's signature fourth on the list]]
-Coggeshall was a [[mercer (occupation)|mercer]], specifically involved in the silk trade, and held many offices in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}  He was a deputy to the General Court for Boston from 1634 to 1637 and a Boston [[selectman]] during the same period. In 1634 he was also on a committee to survey [[Wollaston (Quincy, Massachusetts)|Mount Wollaston]], and on a committee to oversee ammunition.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}
+Coggeshall was a [[Mercery|mercer]] in the silk trade, and he held many offices in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}  He was a deputy to the General Court for Boston from 1634 to 1637 and a Boston [[selectman]] during the same period. In 1634, he was also on a committee to survey [[Wollaston (Quincy, Massachusetts)|Mount Wollaston]], and also on a committee to oversee ammunition.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}
-Some time after moving to Boston, Coggeshall became an enthusiastic supporter of [[Anne Hutchinson]], the controversial dissident minister and preacher. Also supporting her initially was the Reverend [[John Cotton (Puritan)|John Cotton]], and a majority of the Boston church members.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}  Even the governor of the colony, [[Henry Vane the younger|Henry Vane]] was a strong admirer of Mrs. Hutchinson, but he was voted out of office, and when [[John Winthrop]] became the governor strong measures were taken to "stamp out heresy and drive out the heretics."{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}  Because of her religious opinions, and her influence in conveying her ideas within the community, Mrs. Hutchinson was tried, convicted, and banished from the colony during the [[Antinomian Controversy]].{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}   At her civil trial, Coggeshall spoke out in her defense and was one of only three deputies to vote for her acquittal, the other two being [[William Aspinwall]] and [[William Coddington]].{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}} [Actually, "Coddington and Colburn alone dissented," according to <ref>Battis in his book, Saints and Sectaries (1962), on page 208</ref>] Coggeshall also supported another dissident minister, the Reverend [[John Wheelwright]], whose wife was the sister of Anne Hutchinson's husband. Shortly after Hutchinson's banishment, Coggeshall was expelled from the General Court and in March 1638, was also directed to leave Massachusetts.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}
+Sometime after moving to Boston, Coggeshall became an enthusiastic supporter of [[Anne Hutchinson]], who was at the centre of the growing [[Antinomian Controversy]]. Also supporting her initially were the Reverend [[John Cotton (Puritan)|John Cotton]] and many of the Boston church members.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}  Even the colony's Governor [[Henry Vane the younger|Henry Vane]] was a strong admirer, but he was voted out of office and [[John Winthrop]] became the governor. At that point, strong measures were taken to "stamp out heresy and drive out the heretics,"{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}} in the words of one modern historian.  Anne Hutchinson was tried, convicted, and banished from the colony because of her religious opinions, her prophecies of God's wrath and destruction upon the colony, and her influence in fanning the flames of controversy within the community.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}   At her civil trial, Coggeshall spoke out in her defense and was one of only three deputies to vote for her acquittal, the other two being [[William Aspinwall]] and [[William Coddington]].{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}<ref>Battis claims that "Coddington and Colburn alone dissented." (''Saints and Sectaries'' (1962), page 208)</ref> Coggeshall also supported dissident minister Reverend [[John Wheelwright]], whose wife was the sister of Anne Hutchinson's husband. Shortly after Hutchinson's banishment, Coggeshall was expelled from the General Court and was also directed to leave Massachusetts in March 1638.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}
-Scores of Mrs. Hutchinson's followers were ordered out of the Massachusetts colony, but before leaving Boston [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Portsmouth|a group of them]], including Coggeshall, signed what was later called the [[Portsmouth Compact]], establishing a non-sectarian civil government upon the universal consent of the inhabitants, with a Christian focus.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}  Planning initially to settle in [[New Netherland]], the group was persuaded by [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]] to purchase some land of the Indians on the Narragansett Bay. They settled on the north east end of [[Aquidneck Island]], and established a settlement they called Pocasset, but in 1639 changed the name to [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]].{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  [[William Coddington]] was elected the first judge (governor) of the settlement.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|pp=992-993}}  In May 1638 Coggeshall was on a committee to lay out land there, and was granted six acres at the same time.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}   The following year a disagreement prompted Coddington and a [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Newport|few other leaders]], including Coggeshall, to leave Portsmouth and begin a new settlement at the south end of the island called [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]].{{sfn|Johnson|Brown|1904}}  In his journal, Governor Winthrop described the 1639 disagreement in Portsmouth, writing, "the people grew very tumultuous and put out Mr. Coddington and the other three magistrates," Coggeshall being one of the three alluded to by Winthrop.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=482}}
+Many of Hutchinson's supporters were ordered out of the Massachusetts colony, but [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Portsmouth|a group of them]] (including Coggeshall) signed what is called the [[Portsmouth Compact]] before leaving Boston, thus establishing a non-sectarian civil government with a Christian focus, upon the universal consent of the inhabitants.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=992}}  The group initially planned to settle in [[New Netherland]], but they were persuaded by [[Roger Williams]] to purchase some land from the Indians on Narragansett Bay. They moved to the northeast end of [[Aquidneck Island|Rhode Island]] and established the settlement of Pocasset, changing the name to [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]] in 1639.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  [[William Coddington]] was elected the first judge (governor) of the settlement.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|pp=992–993}}  In May 1638, Coggeshall was on a committee to lay out land there, and he was granted six acres at the same time.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}   The following year, a disagreement prompted Coddington and a [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Newport|few other leaders]], including Coggeshall, to leave Portsmouth and begin a new settlement called [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]] at the south end of the island.{{sfn|Johnson|Brown|1904}}  Governor Winthrop described the 1639 disagreement in Portsmouth in his journal: "the people grew very tumultuous and put out Mr. Coddington and the other three magistrates." Coggeshall was one of the three referred to by Winthrop.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=482}}
 == Rhode Island ==
@@ Line 43: / Line 41: @@
 [[File:Bellevue Avenue in front of Vernon Court, Newport, RI.jpg|thumb|right|Coggeshall's land was located near present-day [[Bellevue Avenue]] in Newport]]
-Coggeshall was soon a leader in Newport, and was granted {{convert|400|acre|km2}} of land on the south side of the town, along present-day [[Bellevue Avenue]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}  In the first election in 1638, he was elected as treasurer, and in 1640 he became an assistant to the governor, which position he held continuously until 1647.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  Coggeshall had a good working relationship with [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], and this relationship helped the four towns of Portsmouth, Newport, Providence and Warwick to unite and form the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]] in the Spring of 1647, under the patent that Williams had obtained from the crown in 1644.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  In May 1647 Coggeshall was elected the chief magistrate of the four-town colony being given the title of [[President]].{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  He had four assistants, one from each town, a general recorder and a treasurer. Under his administration the courts of justice were established and the first complete code of laws was written.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  Rhode Island historian and Lieutenant Governor [[Samuel G. Arnold]] made this tribute to the digest of statutes enacted under Coggeshall in 1647: {{quotation|For simplicity of diction, unencumbered as it is by the superfluous verbiage that clothes our modern statutes in learned obscurity; for breadth of comprehension, embracing as it does the foundation of the whole body of law, on every subject, which has since been adopted; and for vigor and originality of thought and boldness of expression, as well as for the vast significance and the brilliant triumph of the principles it embodies, the Digest of 1647 presents a model of legislation which has never been surpassed.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}|''[[Samuel G. Arnold]]'', writing of the laws established during Coggeshall's administration}}
+Coggeshall was soon a leader in Newport and was granted {{convert|400|acre|km2}} of land on the south side of the town, along [[Bellevue Avenue]]. In the first election in 1638, he was elected as treasurer, and he became an assistant to the governor in 1640, which position he held continuously until 1647.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}} He had a good working relationship with [[Roger Williams]] which helped the towns of Portsmouth, Newport, Providence, and Warwick to unite and form the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]] in the Spring of 1647, under the patent that Williams had obtained from the crown in 1644.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}} In May 1647, Coggeshall was elected the chief magistrate of the four-town colony with the title of President.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}  He had an assistant from each town, a general recorder, and a treasurer. Under his administration, the courts of justice were established and the first complete code of laws was written.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}} Rhode Island historian and Lieutenant Governor [[Samuel G. Arnold]] made this tribute to the digest of statutes enacted under Coggeshall in 1647: {{quotation|For simplicity of diction, unencumbered as it is by the superfluous verbiage that clothes our modern statutes in learned obscurity; for breadth of comprehension, embracing as it does the foundation of the whole body of law, on every subject, which has since been adopted; and for vigor and originality of thought and boldness of expression, as well as for the vast significance and the brilliant triumph of the principles it embodies, the Digest of 1647 presents a model of legislation which has never been surpassed.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}|''[[Samuel G. Arnold]]'', writing of the laws established during Coggeshall's administration}}
-Coggeshall was in office only briefly, dying of an illness in Newport on 27 November 1647 and being buried on his own property in Newport. While he is noted for being the first president of the united colony of four towns, he is also noted for helping to establish the three towns of Boston, Portsmouth, and Newport, and the two colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}
+Coggeshall was in office only briefly, dying of an illness in Newport on 27 November 1647 and being buried on his own property there. He is noted for being the first president of the united Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He is also noted for helping to establish the three towns of Boston, Portsmouth, and Newport, and the two colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island.{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=993}}
 ==Family and legacy==
+[[File:Coat of Arms of John Coggeshall.svg|175px|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of John Coggeshall]]
+Coggeshall's wife was named Mary, but her maiden name remains uncertain.  Some sources claim that her maiden name was Gould, another says that it was Surgis, but these are undocumented.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}  Coggeshall and his wife had eight children, five of whom were born in England and the others in Boston, but only half of whom are known to have survived to maturity.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}  Their oldest child [[John Coggeshall Jr.|John]] was very active in colonial affairs over a period of three decades, serving as treasurer, commissioner, assistant, and deputy governor.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=49}}  Their son Joshua also served in public office as deputy to the General Court of Rhode Island for all but two years between 1664 and 1672, and as assistant (magistrate) for all but one year from 1669 to 1676.  Their oldest daughter Ann married Peter Easton, a son of [[Nicholas Easton]] who served many terms as either president or governor of the Rhode Island colony.{{sfn|Austin|1887|pp=49, 294}} Their daughter Wayte married Daniel Gould; descendant [[Elizabeth Buffum Chace]] was an abolitionist with the Underground Railroad.
+Places named for President Coggeshall include John Coggeshall Elementary School in Portsmouth, Rhode Island; Coggeshall Way and Coggeshall Circle in rural Middletown; and Coggeshall Avenue in Newport, which goes through the original Coggeshall property.
-Coggeshall's wife was named Mary, but her maiden name remains uncertain.  Some sources claim her maiden name is Gould, another says it is Surgis, but these are undocumented, and having examined the evidence, Charles Anderson and the editors of the Great Migration project conclude her maiden name is not known.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}  Coggeshall and his wife had eight children, five of whom were born in England, and the others born in Boston, but only half of whom are known to have survived to maturity.{{sfn|Anderson|1995|p=406}}  Their oldest child, [[John Coggeshall, Jr.|John]], was very active in colonial affairs over a period of three decades, serving as treasurer, commissioner, assistant and deputy governor.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=49}}  Their second surviving son, Joshua, also served in public office as deputy to the General Court of Rhode Island for all but two years between 1664 and 1672, and as assistant (magistrate) for all but one year from 1669 to 1676.  Their oldest daughter, Ann, married Peter Easton, a son of [[Nicholas Easton]] who served many terms as either president or governor of the Rhode Island colony.{{sfn|Austin|1887|pp=49, 294}}
-Places named for President Coggeshall include John Coggeshall Elementary School in Portsmouth, Rhode Island; Coggeshall Way and Coggeshall Circle in rural Middletown; and Coggeshall Avenue in Newport, which goes through the original Coggeshall property. His numerous descendants include painter [[Sanford Robinson Gifford]] and composer [[Jimmy Van Heusen]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 60: / Line 58: @@
 * [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]]
 * [[Antinomian Controversy]]
-{{-}}
+{{Clear}}
 ==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+{{reflist}}
 === Bibliography ===
-*{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Robert Charles|authorlink=Robert Charles Anderson|title=The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633|location=Boston, MA|publisher=[[New England Historic Genealogical Society]]|year=1995|volume=Vol. I |pages=405–9 |isbn=978-0-88082-120-9|oclc=42469253|ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Robert Charles|author-link=Robert Charles Anderson|title=The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633|location=Boston, MA|publisher=[[New England Historic Genealogical Society]]|year=1995|volume=I |pages=405–9 |isbn=978-0-88082-120-9|oclc=42469253}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Austin |first=John Osborne | author-link = John Osborne Austin | title=Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island|place=Albany, New York |publisher=J. Munsell's Sons|isbn=978-0-8063-0006-1 |year=1887 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LA7ntaS11ocC&q=abbott%2C+daniel+235}}
+*{{cite book |last=Battis |first=Emery |title=Saints and Sectaries: Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony |url=https://archive.org/details/saintssectariesa0000batt |url-access=registration |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |place=Chapel Hill |year=1962}}
-*{{Cite book|last=Austin |first=John Osborne | authorlink = John Osborne Austin | title=Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island|place=Albany, New York |publisher=J. Munsell's Sons|isbn=978-0-8063-0006-1 |year=1887 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LA7ntaS11ocC&dq=governor+%22samuel+cranston%22+rhode+island&q=abbott%2C+daniel+235#v=onepage&q=abbott%2C%20daniel%20235&f=false|ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book|last=Bicknell |first=Thomas Williams |author-link=Thomas W. Bicknell|title=The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations |year=1920 |volume=3 |publisher=The American Historical Society |place=New York |pages=989–994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TF0EAAAAYAAJ&q=Greene}}
+*{{cite book|last=Coggeshall|first=Charles Pierce |title=The Coggeshalls in America: Genealogy of the Descendants of John Coggeshall of Newport, with a brief notice of their English antecedents |year=1930 |publisher=C. E. Goodspeed |location=Boston | url = https://archive.org/details/coggeshallsiname00cogg_0 }}
-*{{cite book |last=Battis |first=Emery |title=Saints and Sectaries: Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |place=Chapel Hill |year=1962|ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book | last1 = Johnson | first1 = Rossiter | last2 = Brown | first2 = John Howard | title = The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans | volume = II | place = Boston | publisher = The Biographical Society | year = 1904 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WRoVAAAAYAAJ&q=John+Coggeshall }}
+*{{cite journal |last=Moriarty |first=G. Andrews| author-link =George Andrews Moriarty Jr.|title=Additions and Corrections to Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island |journal=[[The American Genealogist]] |date = January 1943|volume=19 |pages=131–2 }}
-*{{cite book|last=Bicknell |first=Thomas Williams |authorlink=Thomas W. Bicknell|title=The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations |year=1920 |volume=Vol.3 |publisher=The American Historical Society |place=New York |pages=989–994 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TF0EAAAAYAAJ&q=Greene&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=5#v=snippet&q=Greene&f=false|ref=harv}}
-*{{cite book|last=Coggeshall|first=Charles Pierce |title=The Coggeshalls in America: Genealogy of the Descendants of John Coggeshall of Newport, with a brief notice of their English antecedents |year=1930 |publisher=C. E. Goodspeed |location=Boston | url = http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Coggeshalls_in_America.html?id=_H1GAAAAMAAJ |ref=harv }}
-*{{cite book | last1 = Johnson | first1 = Rossiter | last2 = Brown | first2 = John Howard | title = The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans | volume = II | place = Boston | publisher = The Biographical Society | year = 1904 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WRoVAAAAYAAJ&q=John+Coggeshall | ref = harv }}
-*{{cite journal |last=Moriarty |first=G. Andrews| authorlink =George Andrews Moriarty, Jr|title=Additions and Corrections to Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island |journal=The American Genealogist |date = January 1943|volume=19 |pages=131–2 |ref = harv}}
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.quahog.org/factsfolklore/index.php?id=40 Chronological list of Rhode Island leaders]
+*[http://www.quahog.org/factsfolklore/index.php?id=40 Chronological list of Rhode Island leaders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402010637/http://www.quahog.org/factsfolklore/index.php?id=40 |date=2 April 2021 }}
-*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11077857 Grave and cemetery of John Coggeshall and family]
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}
 {{Colonial Governors of Rhode Island}}
 {{Rhode Island settlers}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Coggeshall, John
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Rhode Island colonial president
-| DATE OF BIRTH     =  9 December 1601
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    = Halstead, Essex, England
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 27 November 1647
-| PLACE OF DEATH    = Newport, Rhode Island
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Coggeshall, John}}
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
 [[Category:1647 deaths]]
 [[Category:Colonial governors of Rhode Island]]
-[[Category:Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies]]
+[[Category:English emigrants to the United States]]
-[[Category:People from colonial Boston, Massachusetts]]
+[[Category:People from colonial Boston]]
-[[Category:People from Newport, Rhode Island]]
+[[Category:Politicians from Newport, Rhode Island]]
 [[Category:Burials in Rhode Island]]
+[[Category:1599 births]]
+[[Category:Boston Board of Selectmen members]]

v t e Colonial Governors of Rhode Island
Judges of Portsmouth (1638–1640)	Coddington Hutchinson
Judge of Newport (1639–1640)	Coddington
Governor of Newport and Portsmouth (1640–1647)	Coddington
Chief Officer (Providence and Warwick) (1644–1647)	Williams
Presidents of Rhode Island (Patent of 1644) (1647–1663)	Coggeshall J. Clarke Smith N. Easton Gorton Smith Dexter N. Easton Williams Arnold Brenton Arnold
Governors of Newport and Portsmouth (Coddington Commission) (1651–1654)	Coddington J. Sanford
Governors of Rhode Island (Royal Charter of 1663) (1663–1686)	Arnold Brenton Arnold N. Easton Coddington W. Clarke Arnold Coddington J. Cranston P. Sanford Coddington Jr. Bull W. Clarke
Governors under Dominion of New England (1686–1689)	Dudley Andros
Governors of Rhode Island (Royal Charter of 1663) (1690–1776)	Bull J. Easton Carr W. Clarke S. Cranston Jenckes W. Wanton John Wanton R. Ward Greene G. Wanton Greene G. Wanton Greene Hopkins Greene Hopkins S. Ward Hopkins S. Ward Hopkins Lyndon Joseph Wanton Cooke
Italics Gorton, Smith and Dexter were presidents of Providence and Warwick only, since Coddington had received a commission to remove Newport and Portsmouth from their jurisdiction, valid from 1651 to 1654; before and after these dates the President presided over all four towns of the colony. Dudley presided over the "Narragansett Country" only, later to become Washington County, Rhode Island; Andros subsequently presided over the entire colony.

v t e Original proprietors of Rhode Island's first settlements
First settlers of Providence with Roger Williams (1636)	Roger Williams William Harris John Smith (miller) Francis Wickes Thomas Angell Joshua Verin William Arnold Benedict Arnold William Carpenter William Mann Thomas Hopkins
Original proprietors of Providence (signers of "initial deed," October 1638)	Roger Williams Stukely Westcott William Arnold Thomas James Robert Coles John Greene John Throckmorton William Harris William Carpenter Thomas Olney Francis Weston Richard Waterman Ezekiel Holyman
Pawtuxet Claimants (Settled 1638; under Massachusetts jurisdiction 1642-1658)	William Arnold Benedict Arnold William Carpenter Robert Coles
Founders of Portsmouth (signers of Portsmouth Compact, 7 March 1638)	William Coddington John Clarke William Hutchinson John Coggeshall William Aspinwall Samuel Wilbore John Porter John Sanford Edward Hutchinson, Jr. Thomas Savage William Dyre William Freeborn Philip Shearman John Walker Richard Carder William Baulston Edward Hutchinson, Sr. Henry Bull Randall Holden Thomas Clarke John Johnson William Hall John Brightman
Founders of Newport (Signers of initial agreement, 28 April 1639)	William Coddington (Judge) Nicholas Easton (Elder) John Coggeshall (Elder) William Brenton (Elder) John Clarke (Elder) Jeremy Clarke (Elder) Thomas Hazard (Elder) Henry Bull (Elder) William Dyre (Elder; clerk)
Founders of Warwick (Original purchasers, 1643)	Randall Holden John Greene John Wickes Francis Weston Samuel Gorton Richard Waterman John Warner Richard Carder Samson Shotten Robert Potter William Wodell Nicholas Power
Italics: The names of Clarke, Johnson, Hall, and Brightman at the end of the Portsmouth list were crossed out, and it is uncertain if they came to Portsmouth, though most, if not all, of them did appear on Aquidneck Island.