Zune and Coal producing regions: Difference between pages
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[[Image:T629172A.gif|right|thumb|350px|World coal producers and consumers.]] |
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{{Copyedit|date=September 2008}} |
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{{otheruses4|the digital media brand|the [[AROS Research Operating System|AROS]] [[Widget toolkit|GUI toolkit]]|Zune (GUI toolkit)}} |
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{{Infobox Information appliance |
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|name = Zune |
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|image = [[Image:Zune logo.svg|250px]]<!-- Do NOT change to another image. --> |
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|manufacturer = [[Microsoft]] |
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|type = [[Portable media player]] |
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|releasedate = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|United States}} [[November 14]], [[2006]] <small>([[Zune 30]])</small>}} <!-- |
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--><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/sep06/09-28ZunePricingAvailabilityPR.mspx |
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|title=Microsoft to Put Zune Experience in Consumers’ Hands on Nov. 14 |
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|author=Microsoft}}<!-- |
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--></ref><br/>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|United States}} [[November 13]], [[2007]] <small>([[Zune 4, 8]], [[Zune 80, 120|80]])</small>}} <!-- |
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--><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.zune.net/en-US/products/buyNow/z/zune80gbblack/ |
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|title=Microsoft Release Date For Zune 4, 8, 80 Set For November 13 |
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|author=Microsoft}}<!-- |
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--></ref><br/>{{flagicon|Canada}} [[June 13]], [[2008]] <small>([[Zune 4, 8]], [[Zune 80|80]])</small> |
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[[China]] is the largest producer of coal in the world, while the [[United States]] contains the world's largest coal reserves. China and the US are also among the largest coal consumers. Other important coal producing countries include: Australia, India, South Africa, and Russia. |
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{{nowrap|{{flagicon|United States}}{{flagicon|Canada}} [[September 16]], [[2008]] <small>([[Zune 4, 8, 16| Zune 16]], [[Zune 80, 120|120]])</small>}} <!-- |
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--><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/sep08/09-08ZuneFallUpdatePR.mspx |
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|title=Zune Takes Music Discovery to the Next Level With New Ways to Find and Access Digital Music |
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|author=Microsoft}}<!-- |
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--></ref><!-- |
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--><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.marketnews.ca/news_detail.asp?nid=4048 |
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|title=New Features for Zune |
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|author=Christine Persaud }}<!-- |
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--></ref> |
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|connectivity = {{nowrap|[[Wi-Fi]] <small>(Zune-Zune, Sync-PC, Microsoft Surface)</small>}}<br/>[[USB]] |
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|lifespan = {{flagicon|United States}} [[November 14]], [[2006]]<br/>{{flagicon|Canada}} [[June 13]], [[2008]] |
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|unitssold = 2+ million (as of [[July 2008]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/080506/microsoft_zune_video.html|title=Microsoft, chasing Apple, adds TV shows to Zune Marketplace}}</ref> |
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|os = [[Windows Embedded]] |
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|input = |
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|power = |
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|cpu = [[Freescale]] i. MX31L processor [[ARM architecture|ARM]] Core |
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|storage = 4, 8, and 16 GB [[flash drive]]<br/>30, 80, and 120 GB [[hard drive]] |
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|memory = |
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|display = 1.8in Glass LCD screen, resolution 240×320 <small>{{nowrap|(Zune 4, 8, 16)}}</small><br/>3in [[QVGA]] LCD screen, resolution 240×320 <small>(Zune 30)</small><br/>3.2in Glass LCD screen, resolution 240×320 at 4:3 [[aspect ratio]] <small>(Zune 80, 120)</small> |
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|service = [[Zune Marketplace]] |
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|dimensions = |
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|weight = |
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|touchpad = Circular Directional Pad (non-touch)<br/><small>(30 GB release)</small><br/>Touch-sensitive [[Zune Pad]]<br/><small>(4, 8, 16, 80, 120 GB releases)</small> |
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|predecessor = |
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|successor = |
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|related = |
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}} |
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'''Zune''' is a brand of digital media players and services sold by [[Microsoft]]. It includes [[portable media players]], [[Zune Software]] that includes [[Zune Marketplace]] with online music, video and podcast stores. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.com.com/Swan+song+for+Microsofts+music+allies/2100-1041_3-6097935.html|title=Swan song for Microsoft’s music allies?|date=[[2006-07-25]]|last=Fried|first=Ina|publisher=CNET}}</ref> Its primary competitors are [[Apple iTunes]], [[iPod classic]] and the [[iPod nano]]. The devices come in three styles, all of which play music, videos, podcasts, display images, and receive [[FM radio]]. They can share files wirelessly with other Zunes and via [[Universal Serial Bus|USB]] with [[Xbox 360]]s, and can sync wirelessly with [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] PCs. |
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== {{flagicon|USA}} USA == |
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The Zune's companion software, which runs on [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Vista|Vista]], allows users to manage files on the player, [[ripping|rip]] audio [[Compact Disc|CD]]s, and buy songs, music videos, and TV shows at the online store using [[Microsoft Points]]. |
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{{main|Coal power in the United States}} |
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[[Image:Us coal regions 1996.png|right|thumb|350px|US coal regions.]] |
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In the [[United States]] the [[Appalachian Mountains]] region is the major area of mining [[bituminous coal]]. There are also large fields of bituminous coal in the [[Midwest]] and along the [[Rocky Mountains]]. However, most of the coal that comes form the Western states are lower grade subituminous and lignite. |
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One of the largest deposits of [[anthracite coal]] is in Northeastern [[Pennsylvania]], called the [[Coal Region]] of [[Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania]] , [[Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre]]. |
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==History== |
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[[Wyoming]] produces the most coal of any state, however [[Montana]] has the most coal reserves. The largest mine in the world is the [[Black Thunder Coal Mine]] near [[Gillette, Wyoming]]. |
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The first Zune models were released in the United States on [[November 19]], [[2006]], with 30GB of capacity. The [[Zune 4, 8]] and [[Zune 80|80]] were announced on [[October 2]], [[2007]]. All Zunes (new and older models) now offer the ability to sync wirelessly (automatically if connected to a power supply but can be manually started without it), a new touchpad-style input device, additional file support for [[H.264]] and [[MPEG-4]] files, podcast support, and an upgraded song-sharing licensing. The Zune also allows a Zune to communicate with other Zunes. Zune 80 also has a 3.2” screen. A free firmware update added the new software features to the original Zune (now called the [[Zune 30]]) and was released on November 13, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Microsoft’s new Zunes: officially in 80, 8, and 4GB sizes|url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/10/02/microsofts-new-zunes-officially-in-80-8-and-4gb-sizes/|publisher=Engadget}}</ref> |
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== {{flagicon|European Union}} Europe == |
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The first-generation Zune was created while Microsoft was in close cooperation with [[Toshiba]], which took the design of the [[Gigabeat#Gigabeat S|Gigabeat S]] and redeveloped it under the name ''Toshiba 1089'' as registered with the [[FCC]] starting in the year 2006.<ref name="Zune is 1089">{{cite news|url=http://www.engadget.com/2006/08/25/fcc-reveals-toshiba-1089-and-its-looking-a-whole-lot-like-a/ |title=Zune revealed by FCC as “Toshiba 1089” |accessdate=2007-01-03 |last=Miller |first=Paul |date=[[2006-08-25]] |publisher=Engadget }}</ref> [[Xbox 360]] overseer [[J Allard]] ran the project, [[codename]]d ‘Argo’, which consisted of some [[Xbox]] and [[MSN Music]] store developers,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003116550_brier10.html|title=Argo aims guns at more than iPod|last=Dudley|first=Brier|date=[[2006-07-10]]|accessdate=2007-03-30|publisher=Seattle Times}}</ref> who worked on ‘Alexandria’ and finalized it as Zune Marketplace,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.betanews.com/article/October_Debut_for_Microsoft_iPod_Killer/1153418667|title=October Debut for Microsoft 'iPod Killer'|first=Ed|last=Oswald|date=2006-07-20|publisher=BetaNews|accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref> then later unveiled both products united under a single brand in the U.S. market as the Zune. |
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Coal fields in [[Wales]], [[Yorkshire]] and other parts of the [[United Kingdom]] used to be major mining areas. However, during the 1980s and 1990s there was a major downturn in the British mining industry due to increased use of natural gas in electrical power stations and cheaper imports. Very few working coal mines/open cast quarries now exist in Britain. Parts of [[Germany]], [[Poland]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]] are major coal areas in [[Europe]]. Coal is still an important supply of energy, especially electricity production, in many European countries, but is being phased out due to environmental concerns.{{Fact|date = August 2008}} |
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The second-generation Zune 4 GB, 8 GB, and 80 GB were announced<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/7002/zune-gen2.html|title=Zune 2 Unveiled|first=Richard|last=Menta|date=2007-10-03|publisher=MP3 Newswire|accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> on [[October 2]], [[2007]]. The 4 and 8 GB Zunes are flash-based and smaller in size than the 80 GB version. The 30GB Zune was not redesigned. |
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[[Silesia]] in [[Poland]] has more working coal miners than the rest of the [[European Union]] combined. |
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In February of 2008, Microsoft announced that Zunes will eventually be able to play games developed using [[Microsoft XNA|XNA]]. Games will feature custom soundtracks and 8-player wireless [[multiplayer]] using the built-in Wi-Fi. An early version of [[XNA Game Studio|XNA Game Studio 3.0]] released on [[May 7]], [[2008]] allows developers to work on games that eventually can be played on the Zune.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/xna/archive/2008/05/07/announcing-xna-game-studio-3-0-community-technical-preview-ctp.aspx|title=Announcing: XNA Game Studio 3.0 Community Technical Preview (CTP)|date=[[2008-05-07]]|last=Weller|first=David|publisher=XNA Team Blog}}</ref> |
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There are large coal deposits in [[Asturias]] ([[Spain]]), which helped fuel the Industrial Revolution there. However, these deposits have mostly been exhausted. |
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On September 8, 2008, Microsoft announced the Zune 3.0 update, which includes the ability to tag for purchase songs heard on FM radio, channels which can be customized to deliver suggested songs for the user, the ability to purchase songs from the Zune device via the Zune Marketplace, as well as updates to the Zune software. The update will also include two sample games, [[Hexic]] and [[Texas Hold 'em (XBLA)|Texas Hold'em]]. And support for [[audiobooks]] from online stores like [[Audible.com]], and [[Public library|Public Libraries]] that support [[OverDrive, Inc.|OverDrive]] media files such as the [[Free Library of Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2008/sep08/09-08ZuneFallUpdatePR.mspx|title=Zune Takes Music Discovery to the Next Level With New Ways to Find and Access Digital Music|date=[[2008-09-08]]|last=Press|first=Microsoft|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref>http://www.zune.net/en-US/entertainment/audiobooks/default.htm Download audiobooks from sites powered by OverDrive.com, including over 7,500 public libraries. </ref><ref>http://freelibrary.lib.overdrive.com/E653BE24-3DBB-49E1-B666-97481991C9EF/10/270/en/SearchResults.htm?SearchID=21166966 Free Library of Philadelphia Online Audiobook Catalog</ref> |
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== {{flagicon|Australia}} Australia == |
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==Devices== |
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[[Australia]] contains 76 billion tonnes of coal reserves [http://www.australiancoal.com.au/resources.htm], or approximately 8% of known worldwide deposits. Australian coal deposits include both brown coal (lignite) and black coal. The premier producing area for Australia coal is the [[Bowen Basin]] in the state of [[Queensland]]. |
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[[Image:zunezunezune.png|thumb|Side-by-side comparison of a black Zune 80 and Zune 4/8 models.]] |
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[[Image:ZuneFamily.jpg|thumb|Note the customizable backgrounds.]] |
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[[Image:Zune80.jpg|thumb|A black Zune 80.]] |
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===Models=== |
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''For the Main Articles, go to: [[Zune 30]], [[Zune 4, 8, 16]] or [[Zune 80, 120]].'' |
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== {{flagicon|PRC}} China == |
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The [[Zune 30|30 GB Zune]] was the first Zune music player. It has a 30 GB hard drive, 3” screen, and simple directional pad for menu navigation. The second generation of the Zune consists of the Zune 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 80GB and 120GB. The Zune 4, 8 and 16 feature a smaller size and hold 4, 8 and 16GB of flash memory, respectively. The 80GB Zune is the replacement to the Zune 30 that is also thinner and lighter. All the second generation Zunes have a [[Zune Pad]] instead of the simple directional pad that was included on the Zune 30. Microsoft did, however, distribute a mass upgrade for all Zune models (including the Zune 30) to the Zune's second generation software/firmware. On the back of all models it says "Hello From Seattle (Model #) Assembled in China", signifying that Microsoft is based in Seattle and the Zune is assembled in China. |
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{{main|Coal power in China}} |
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[[China]] is currently the world's largest coal miner, and it is also the largest consumer of coal in the world. Coal mining is currently facing acute safety fears accompanied by the closure of many mines. |
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== {{flagicon|India}} India == |
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In June 2008, Microsoft's [[Robbie Bach]] in an interview with the SFGate said that a touch-operated Zune that he says will be "a cornerstone of what we do," is in the works. Although Microsoft has not yet officially announced the “Zune Touch”, pictures surfaced on the web showing that the "Zune Touch" uses a similar interface as its predecessors.<ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/06/08/BUPF11383J.DTL |
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|title=Interview with Robbie Bach |
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|author=San Francisco Chronicle}} |
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</ref> |
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[[India]] has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world (approx. 253 billion tonnes [http://www.coalindia.nic.in/coalreserve.htm]). The energy derived from coal in India is about twice that of energy derived from oil, whereas world-wide, energy derived from coal is about 30% less than energy derived from oil. [http://www.diehardindian.com/infra/coal.htm] |
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===Preloaded content=== |
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== {{flagicon|RSA}} South Africa == |
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{{main|List of Zune preloaded content}} |
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In [[South Africa]] coal is mined in several regions, mainly in the [[East Rand]] around [[Witbank]], in the [[Vaal]] valley around the [[Vaal Triangle]] and at [[Dundee, South Africa|Dundee]] and [[Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal|Newcastle]] in northern [[KwaZulu Natal]]. South Africa is currently the leading African coal producer.<ref>MBendi Information for Africa, "Africa: Mining - Coal Mining - Overview, 2008-08, webpage: [http://www.mbendi.co.za/indy/ming/coal/af/p0005.htm]</ref> |
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Zune featured preloaded content in both audio and video formats from various artists like [[BT (musician)|BT]], [[The Thermals]], [[Paul Oakenfold]], [[Cansei de Ser Sexy|CSS]]. Special editions featured their own unique set of content. |
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== {{flagicon|Russia}} Russia == |
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===Specifications=== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! || style="width:35%" | [[Zune 30]] || [[Zune 4, 8, 16|Zune 4]] || [[Zune 4, 8, 16|Zune 8]] || [[Zune 4, 8, 16|Zune 16]] ||style="width:14%" | [[Zune 80, 120|Zune 80]] ||style="width:14%" | [[Zune 80, 120|Zune 120]]<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.insidethecircle.net/2008/08/zune120-confirmed.html|title=Zune120 Confirmed|accessdate=2008-08-23}} </ref> |
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|- |
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!style="width:12%" | Size |
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| 2.4 × 4.4 × 0.58 [[inches]]/6.1 × 11.2 × 1.5 [[cm]] ||colspan=3| 1.6 × 3.6 × 0.33 inches/4.1 × 9.1 × 0.8 cm ||colspan=2| 2.4 × 4.25 × 0.5 inches/6.1 × 10.8 × 1.3 cm |
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|- |
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!Weight |
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| 5.6 [[ounces]]/158.8 [[grams|g]] ||colspan=3| 1.7 ounces/47 g ||colspan=2| 4.5 ounces/127.6 g |
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|- |
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!Screen |
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| 3 inches/7.6 cm (240×320 [[pixel]]s) ||colspan=3| 1.8 inches/4.6 cm (240×320 pixels)||colspan=2| 3.2 inches/8.1 cm (240×320 pixels) |
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|- |
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!Storage |
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| 30GB [[Hard disk drive|HDD]] || 4GB [[Flash memory|Flash]] || 8GB [[Flash memory|Flash]] || 16GB [[Flash memory|Flash]] || 80GB HDD || 120GB HDD |
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|- |
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![[Wi-Fi]] |
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| Zune-to-Zune, sync with computer/ wireless network/ wireless shopping from Zune devices as of September 16, 2008 (with [[firmware]] update) ||colspan=5| Zune-to-Zune, sync with computer / wireless network / wireless shopping from Zune devices as of September 16, 2008 |
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|- |
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!Colors |
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| Black, Brown, White, Red, Pink<ref name=zunecolors>{{cite web|url=http://www.zune.net:80/en-us/products/compare.htm|title=Compare Devices|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|year=2008|accessdate=2008-03-19}}</ref> ||colspan=3| Black <small>(Glossy Black in 16GB only)</small>, Green, Red, Pink, Blue <small>(8GB only in retail, 16GB through Zune Originals)</small><ref name=zunecolors/> || Black, Red <small>(previously available only as a Valentine's Day promotion, and later as a customization option for Zune Originals)</small><ref name=zunecolors/> || Black<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.istartedsomething.com/20080818/fcc-approves-microsofts-unreleased-120gb-zune/|title=FCC approves Microsoft’s unreleased 120GB Zune|accessdate=2008-08-23}} </ref> |
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|- |
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!Limited Editions |
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| Orange<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.zunescene.com/orange-zune/|title=Orange Zune Photos|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, Brown ([[Marketing for Halo 3#Zune Halo 3 edition|Halo 3]])<ref> {{cite web|url=http://zuneinsider.com/archive/2007/08/07/exclusive-halo-zune-for-military-personnel.aspx|title=Exclusive Halo 3 Zune for Military Personnel|date=2007-08-06|accessdate=2008-02-22}} </ref>, Red (Microsoft Interns) <ref name=msinterns> {{cite web|url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/yeblind/873999165/|title=intern Zune|date=2007-07-22|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, Pink with Diamonds ([[Nylon magazine|Nylon Magazine]])<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.zune.net/en-us/products/zune30gb/nylon.htm|title=Zune 30GB Nylon Edition|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, Black ([[Marketing for Halo 3#Zune Halo 3 edition|Halo 3]]<ref> {{cite web|url=http://zuneinsider.com/archive/2007/05/16/zune-halo-3-edition-unboxed.aspx|title=Zune - Halo 3 Edition Unboxed|date=2007-05-15|accessdate=2008-02-22}} </ref>, [[Wisin & Yandel]]<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.zune.net/en-us/products/zune30gb/wisinyyandel.htm|title=Zune 30GB Wisin & Yandel edition|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, [[Adult Swim]]<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.zune-online.com/news/zune/an-adult-swim-limited-edition-zune.html|title=An Adult Swim limited edition Zune|date=2007-04-27|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, Microsoft Interns <ref name=msinterns/>)||colspan=3|Citron 16GB (Zune Employees)<ref> {{cite web|url=http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/zune/zune-citron-shots-reveal-16gb-capacity-you-still-cant-have-it-324037.php|title=Zune Citron Shots Reveal 16GB Capacity (You Still Can't Have It)|date=2007-11-17|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, Gold 8GB ([http://www.needgoods.com/home.html GOODS])<ref name=goods> {{cite web|url=http://www.ihaveazune.com/?p=1051|title=Goods Limited Edition Zune|date=2007-12-03|accessdate=2008-02-18}} </ref>, Black 8GB ([[Allen Iverson]])<ref> {{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/journals/microsoft.ars/2008/04/18/exclusive-allen-iverson-reebok-shoes-and-zune-coming-in-june|title=Exclusive Allen Iverson Reebok shoes and Zune coming in June|date=2008-04-18|accessdate=2008-08-27}} </ref>, Green 4GB ([[2008 Democratic National Convention]])<ref name=zune08conventions> {{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5042029/microsoft-gives-dnc-delegates-the-gift-of-game-and-mostly-music|title=Microsoft Gives DNC Delegates the Gift of Game and (Mostly) Music|date=2008-08-27|accessdate=2008-08-27}} </ref>, Red 4GB (2008 Republican National Convention)<ref name=zune08conventions/>||Gold (GOODS) <ref name=goods/>, Black ([[Joy Division]])<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.zune.net/en-us/products/zuneoriginals/joydivision/default.htm|title=Joy Division Documentary Limited Edition Zune|accessdate=2008-08-23}} </ref>|| Black (Gears of War 2) |
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|- |
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!Navigation |
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| [[Directional pad|Circular Directional Pad]] ||colspan=5| [[Zune Pad]] |
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|- |
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!Released |
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| [[November 2006]] ||colspan=2| [[November 2007]] || [[September 2008]] || [[November 2007]] || [[September 2008]] |
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|- |
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!Price ([[United States dollar|USD]] at launch) |
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| $249.95 || $149.99 || $199.99 || $199.00 || $249.99 || $249.99 |
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|- |
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!Price ([[United States dollar|USD]] recommended today) |
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| $199.99 || $129.99 || $149.99 || $199.00 || $229.99 || $249.99 |
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|} |
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[[Russia]] is currently the 5th largest producer of coal in the world, and is 2nd largest with reserves estimated at 175 billion t. The majority of its coal is located behind the Ural mountains in [[Siberia]]. By 1999 approximately a third of coal mining business was privatized. Since then, the industry has concentrated in hands of few companies - coking coal producers were integrated with steel makers, and two national leaders in steam coal emerged. Russian coal miners have recently campaigned for improvements in their working conditions, leading to some reform. |
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===Accessories=== |
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The Zune comes with earphones, USB data cable, and carrying bag (Zune 30 only). The Zune 80 models come with upgraded "Zune Premium" headphones. The Zune 120 includes standard headphones. Accessories sold separately include: |
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* Charging devices (car adapter, AC wall-socket adapters, external battery). |
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* I/O adapters (A/V composite, FM transmitters, headphones, USB data cable). |
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* Docks (charging, multimedia large speaker, vertical hands-free assist). |
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* Protection (glass screen protection, hardened/cushioning material case protection). |
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* Carrying cases (standard issue, armband type, and belt clip). |
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* Replacement parts and upgrades (battery, hard drive, LCD, etc.). |
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== {{flagicon|Canada}} Canada == |
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Among the firms that make Zune accessories are [[Microsoft]], [[Altec Lansing]], [[Belkin]] Corp., Digital Lifestyle Outfitters (DLO), Dual Electronics, [[Griffin Technology]], [[Harman Kardon]] and [[JBL]], Integrated Mobile Electronics, Jamo International, [[Klipsch]] Audio Technologies, [[Logitech]], [[Monster Cable]] Products Inc., [[Speck (company)|Speck]], [[Targus (corporation)|Targus]] Group International Inc. and VAF Research.<ref>{{cite press release |
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|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/sep06/09-14ZuneUnveilingPR.mspx |
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|title=Microsoft’s Zune Delivers Connected Music and Entertainment Experience |
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|date=[[2006-09-14]] |
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|publisher=Microsoft |
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}}</ref> |
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[[Canada]] holds 78 billion tonnes of coal. [http://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/es/ener2000/online/html/chap3e_e.cfm] This is primarily [[Bituminous Coal|bituminous]] and [[Sub-bituminous coal|subbituminous]] coal, though [[Saskatchewan]] holds significant reserves of [[lignite]] coal. The Elk Valley, located in the southeast corner of British Columbia, is host to one of the world's largest deposits of hard coking coal. Five mines are operated by the Elk Valley Coal Corporation in this area. |
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===Firmware=== |
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== {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan == |
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Users often refer to on-device software as ''firmware'', differing from the desktop media player as ''Zune software''. Zune’s operating system is based on [[Windows CE]] [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]] for [[ARM architecture]] and uses a [[Software distribution|distribution]] like the [[Portable Media Center]] found on the [[Gigabeat#Gigabeat S|Gigabeat S]]. Zune’s [[Native and foreign format|native file compatible formats]] are |
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*[[JPEG]] for images; |
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*[[WMV]], MPEG-4 and [[H.264]] for video; |
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*[[MP3]], [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] (.m4a), Zune Marketplace (restricted and DRM free), [[Windows Media Audio|WMA]] Pro (2-channel), [[Windows Media Audio|WMA]] Standard, WMA lossless for audio. |
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[[Pakistan]] |
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The [[graphical user interface|graphical user interface (GUI)]] (called the “twist interface” by Microsoft) has sections for ''music'', ''video'', ''pictures'', ''social'', ''radio'', ''podcasts'', and ''settings''. It is said to provide “two-dimensional navigation” for scrolling through items with its [[directional pad]].<ref>{{cite web |
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is currently world's seventh largest coal-producing country{{Fact|date = August 2008}} with coal reserves of more than 185 billion tons (second in the world after U.S.A.'s 247 billion tons){{Fact|date = August 2008}}. Almost all (99 percent) of Pakistan's coal reserves are found in the province of Sindh.{{Fact|date = August 2008}} Pakistan's largest coal field is Thar coal field which is spread over an area of 9100 square kilometers, and contains 175 billion tons of coal. So far this coal field has not been developed but efforts are underway. There are estimates that approximately 50,000 MW electricity can be produced from thar coal field for 3 centuries.{{Fact|date = August 2008}} It is equivalent to the 400 billion barrels of oil reserves, i.e., Saudi Arab's and Iran's put together.{{Fact|date = August 2008}} |
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|url=http://www.oreillynet.com/mac/blog/2007/01/a_half_dozen_lessons_that_appl.html |
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|title=A Half Dozen Lessons that Apple should take from the Zune|date=[[2007-01-26]]|publisher=O'Reilly Media|first=Erica|last=Sadun |
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}}</ref> In the music section, users can add songs to a quick playlist without reconnecting to the desktop software. In the picture section, the background can be personalized using any image as [[computer wallpaper|wallpaper]]. In the radio section, users can receive and play FM radio internally, with North American, Japanese, and European tuning ranges and show song information on supported FM stations. In the social section, users can broadcast user profile and current activity to others nearby. In the setting section, users can control [[backlight]] settings and output analog TV in with purchase of a separate connection. |
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== References == |
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The very first updates to the firmware added sharing features (send, community, list nearby Zune users) as described in FCC filings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=1993|title=Clunky-looking Microsoft Zune player revealed in filing|date=2006-08-25|publisher=AppleInsider}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2006/11/15/zune-review/|title=Zune review|publisher=Engadget|date=2006-11-15|accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref> Firmware 1.1 allowed device to inherit sharing capabilities described by [[codename]] Pyxis. Early [[firmware]]s patched [[software bugs]]. Later, the much anticipated 2.2 firmware released from about a year after first generation Zune added support for DVR-MS (Media Center Recorded TV) files, lossless playback, added wireless syncing, and GUI interface improvements.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} |
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<references/> |
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Zune supports the [[Windows Media DRM]] (WMDRM) digital rights management system incompatible with other DRM systems including [[Plays for Sure]] and not part of the [[Microsoft PlaysForSure|PlaysForSure]] platform or program.<ref name="jkim001">{{cite web|url=http://reviews.cnet.com/Zune_30GB_black/4505-6490_7-32068976.html|title=Zune (30GB, black) Reviews|date=[[2006-11-14]]|first=James|last=Kim|publisher=CNET}}</ref> <ref name="cdm001" /> Multimedia content is transferred through [[Media Transfer Protocol]] (MTP); however, its proprietary MTP extensions ("MTPZ") place an interoperability barrier between the Zune and previous MTP-based software. |
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* ''Goode's World Atlas'' |
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== |
== See also == |
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* [[Coal-mining region]] |
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[[Image:Zune software.png|thumb|right|Zune Software version 3.0.532.0 running in Windows Vista]] |
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'''Zune Software''' functions as management software for the device and library and as a [[Client (computing)|client]] to the [[online music store]]. The Zune software includes the Zune Marketplace music, video and free podcast stores. The old version was a modified version of [[Windows Media Player]] 11, and the latest version is built from the ground up, with additional [[DirectShow]] decoders for [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[MPEG-4]] and [[H.264]], it supports the following formats — for audio: [[MP3]] (.mp3), [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] (Low complexity) (.aac, .mp4, .m4a, .m4b, .mov), [[Windows Media Audio|WMA]] (.wma); for video: [[MPEG4]] (in .mp4, .m4v and .mov containers), [[H.264]] (in .mp4, .m4v and .mov containers), [[WMV]] (.wmv), [[ASF]] (.asf); and for still images: [[JPEG]] (.jpg). It [[File synchronization|synchronize]]s music, pictures, videos and [[podcasts]] to the device. It [[Streaming media|streams]] files to the [[Xbox 360]]. It organizes the media in its library and allows users to add to the library by [[ripping]] from [[Compact Disc|CD]]s and to organize the [[metadata]]. It can automatically pull down album art and metadata tag data for some content in the library. There is also an inbox feature in the desktop client software as well on the device, which keeps track of songs swapped with other Zune users. On the desktop client, the inbox also serves as a message center for [[Zune Social]]. Although the Zune Software was originally a modified version of Windows Media Player, the Zune device was designed to only work with the Zune Software. Zune Software requires [[Windows XP]] or [[Windows Vista|Vista]]. |
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== External links == |
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The current version of the software is 3.0.532.0 released alongside 3.0 firmware update. |
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* [http://www.ket.org Kentucky Educational Television site] |
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* [http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/reserves/reserves.html US Department of Energy estimates of worldwide reserves of coal] |
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* [http://www.coaltransinternational.com/index.htm CoalTrans, an international coal industry organization] |
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[[Category:Coal mining]] |
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Several versions of the software were released. A history of each version reveals: |
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[[Category:Mining by region|Coal]] |
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<div align="center"> |
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{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |
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!Firmware<br/>Version |
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!Software<br/>Version |
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!Date |
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!Software and Firmware changes |
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|- |
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| 1.0 || 1.0.5341.0 || <center>-</center> || Zune 30 device original default |
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|- |
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|1.1 || ? || [[2006-11-14]] || Added menu item “community” allowing to search for nearby Zunes, see their status, and transfer music and pictures. Improved performance. |
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|- |
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| 1.2 || 1.2.5511.0 || [[2006-12-19]] || Fixed compatibility with [[Windows Vista]] and improved browsing performance.<ref>[http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/926770/ How to update the firmware for your Zune device]</ref> |
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|- |
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| 1.3 || 1.3.5728.0 || [[2007-03-28]] || Prevents FM tuner from draining the battery while the device is sleeping. Fixed Zune Marketplace music to not skip on the device. Improved device detection and syncing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/03/28/microsoft-zune-v1-3-firmware-is-out/|title=Zune firmware update v1.3 is out|publisher=Engadget|date=[[2007-03-28]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|1.4 || ? || [[2007-05-31]] || Improved shuffling. The dev team states: “this firmware update makes successive shuffle actions produce more random lists.”<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zuneinsider.com/archive/2007/05/31/firmware-update-1-4-today.aspx|title=Zune Insider – Firmware Update 1.4: Today |publisher=Zune Insider|date=[[2007-05-31]]}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| 2.0 || ? || [[2007-11-13]] || Complete re-write of the software and firmware. Inclusion of "Social" features in both. Original device software version that is installed for the Zune 4GB, Zune 8GB, and the Zune 80GB. |
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|- |
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| 2.1 || ? || ? || Enhances device functionality and performance. |
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|- |
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| 2.2 || 2.1.888.0 || [[2007-11-13]] || Improved performance and added several new features, including wireless sync and podcast support. New user interface on both the Zune device and the Zune software.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/926770/en-us|title=How to update to the current Zune device software version|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| 2.3 || 2.1.888.2 || [[2007-12-18]] || Resolves an issue in which the battery Zune80 and upgraded Zune30 would discharge prematurely due to difficulty entering sleep. Also includes improved device recognition and improved stability and reliability on sync (both wirelessly and while connected to a PC).<ref>{{cite news |
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|url=http://zuneinsider.com/archive/2007/12/18/firmware-update-2-3.aspx |
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|title=Firmware Update 2.3 |
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|publisher=Zune Insider |
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|date=[[2007-12-18]] |
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}} |
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</ref> <!-- please change this to the appropriate kb article when it is updated --> It has also been noted that the new firmware features the option to unsubscribe from a podcast right on the device. This can be activated by bringing up the menu during a song play and selecting “unsubscribe”. This feature was originally slated to be part of the original consumer release of the 2.x firmware (several reviewers described having this option), but it was removed. |
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|- |
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| 2.4 || 2.3.1338.0 || [[2008-01-22]] || Resolves a number of issues including problems with marketplace, podcasts, sync, Xbox streaming, and library problems.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url=http://forums.zune.net/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=125458 |
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|title=Software Update 2.3 |
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|publisher=Zune Forums |
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|date=[[2008-01-22]] |
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}} |
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</ref> |
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|- |
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| 2.5 || 2.5.447.0 || [[2008-05-06]] || TV show downloads now available from Marketplace. Also adds new features such as gapless playback, smart playlists, new sorting options, multiple device syncing, and support for [[Microsoft XNA|XNA]] ([[Xbox]] game developers will be able to load custom code using the [[Microsoft XNA|XNA]] platform). Zune Social is better integrated, and users with [[Windows Live Messenger]] can display which song is being played to people in their buddy list.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url=http://forums.zune.net/224270/ShowPost.aspx |
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|title=The Zune Spring Update v2.5 is Here! |
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|publisher=Zune Forums |
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|date=[[2008-05-06]]}}</ref> Video podcasts can be shared wirelessly between Zunes, allowing the receiving Zune owner to subscribe to a podcast on-the-go.<ref>[http://www.mobilecasternews.com/2008/06/wireless-sharing-of-video-podcasts-in.html Mobilecaster News - Portable Digital Media Trends - Mobile and Portable Media Player Podcasting: Wireless Sharing of Video Podcasts in Zune 2.5 Update<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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|- |
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| 3.0 || 3.0.532.0 || [[2008-09-16]] || Buy from FM allows songs played from FM radio stations to be purchased from the Marketplace. Wireless hotspot access added for automatically updating the user's collection, browsing the Marketplace, refreshing Channels, exchanging favorites with friends, or buying songs tagged from the device's FM radio. Zune Channels, custom programming stations that deliver personalized playlists to Zune from a variety of sources the user selects (such as music experts, celebrities, or top radio stations), is added. Clock and free games are added, with [[Texas Hold 'em (Xbox Live Arcade game)|Texas Hold'em]] and [[Hexic]] provided in update. |
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|} |
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</div> |
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==Zune Marketplace== |
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'''Zune Marketplace''' often called [[Zune Software]] is an [[online music, video and podcast store]] that integrates with the software. Initially offering two million songs it grew to more than three million songs. With the update to version 2.5 the Zune Marketplace also offer Music Videos and TV shows for download. Music on the marketplace is provided by the [[World music market|big four music groups]] ([[EMI]], [[Warner Music Group]], [[Sony BMG]], [[Universal Music Group]]) and smaller music labels. TV shows are provided by [[NBC]]. Like other tech companies in the music business, the Zune team at Microsoft has a team of music experts responsible for the Zune marketplace editorial content and programming. The team is led by Kyle Hopkins (also known as DJ “Kid Hops” on KEXP-FM).<ref> |
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{{cite web |
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|url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/305042_software26.html |
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|title=Software Notebook: Microsoft, others tap music veterans |
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|publisher=Zune Insider |
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|first=Todd |
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|last=Bishop |
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|date=[[2007-02-26]] |
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}} |
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</ref> Music Content is offered in DRM-restricted WMA format (2-pass CBR @ 192kbit/s) or non-DRM MP3 format (256kbit/s) for a per-song or per-album fee, or via a Zune Pass monthly/Quarterly subscriptions. |
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Songs downloaded from the Marketplace are restricted by [[DRM]] similar to yet slightly different from [[PlaysForSure]] DRM, meaning that songs purchased from PlaysForSure partners could not be playable in Zune Software, although the reverse is true. Internally, Zune DRM is referred to as “9.1”, differentiating itself from PlaysForSure DRM, which is version “9”. While [[Windows Media DRM|removal of PlaysForSure DRM]] has been facilitated with several tools, none would remove Zune DRM until July 14, 2007 when one of the tools (“FairUse4WM” [Windows Media]) was updated to support removal of the Zune DRM wrapper, thus allowing interoperability between the platforms. As of September 6th, 2007, an update from Microsoft has broken FairUse4WM once again, resulting in that anyone with the updated license cannot strip the DRM (presumably until FairUse4WM is updated again). Note that updating the Zune software to the most recent version (3.0 as of September 2008) will not affect previously functioning DRM components. |
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Purchases are made through a system called [[Microsoft Points]], in which users prepay US$5 for a block of 400 points that can be applied to downloads at 79 points per song. This works out to $0.9875 per song, plus whatever remainder is left after a user makes his or her final purchase from the Marketplace. Cost and minimum purchase varies with foreign currency [[exchange rates]] and [[taxes]]. The points used for the Zune Marketplace are the same points used to buy media from the [[Xbox Live Marketplace]]. Purchased songs can be burned to Audio CD. |
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As an alternative to the Microsoft Points, users pay a monthly flat fee called the Zune Pass that costs US$14.99. This allows a member to download unlimited music in Zune Marketplace content for a flat monthly fee. Microsoft has also added Television shows from major networks such as NBC and FOX. The Zune Pass allows to download songs, with the rare exceptions of those required to pay points for. Zune Pass downloads cannot be burned to Audio CD unless purchased, and become unplayable if the subscription lapses, or if in the future Microsoft should decide to discontinue the service. The Zune pass allows for 3 Zunes to share the downloaded DRM content as well as the content to be downloaded on up to 3 computers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.engadget.com/2006/09/14/Zune-marketplace-to-keep-your-Zune-player-happy/|title=Zune Marketplace To Keep Your Zune Player Happy|date=[[2006-09-14]]|publisher=Engadget|first=Cyrus|last=Farivar}}</ref> A 14-day free Zune Pass is made available upon creating a Zune account. |
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With the launch of the new Zunes, the Marketplace was upgraded to support interface(as opposed to being a modified version of [[URGE (digital music service)|URGE]]), and drop DRM for around 1 million tracks (out of roughly 3 million). DRM-free MP3s sell for a slightly higher price than protected tracks. Unlike DRM-free songs purchased from [[iTunes]], DRM-free songs from Zune Marketplace do not have watermarks intended to identify the person who initially purchased the song. Music Videos and Podcasts were also added to the Marketplace. Podcasts however, are offered free of charge even to non-Zune Pass subscribers. |
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==Sales and marketing== |
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===Marketing=== |
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Microsoft launched several campaigns to jump-start the Zune. The company had planned a $100 million campaign to promote Zune with "Music the way it wants to be" as a major theme and “Welcome to the social” as an advertisement tagline.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003409076|title=Microsoft Preps Big Spend for Zune MP3 Player|date=[[2006-11-16]]|publisher=Brandweek|first=Gregory|last=Solman}}</ref> Also, the company had enlisted about 300 “Zune masters” to advertise the device on American college campuses, to promote the item, and to run Zune-related events as expected. In exchange, they have received free merchandise, including a Zune.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zuneinfo.com/microsoft-zune/zune-masters-program/|title=Zune Masters Program|date=[[2006-12-28]]|publisher=ZuneInfo.com}}</ref> |
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Additionally, Microsoft launched an attempt at "viral marketing" with its "[http://www.comingzune.com/ comingzune]" site, complete with several [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWwKZkTanmA videos] in succession<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neowin.net/forum/index.php?showtopic=480842|title=Microsoft "Zune" Viral Marketing Website, http://www.comingzune.com/|last=|first=benac|date=[[2006-21-07]]}}</ref>. Along with [http://zuneinsider.com/Default.aspx ZuneInsider], and several other ad hoc events, Microsoft hoped to generate buzz for the product outside of the normal marketing avenues, and market its product as a part of a social construct.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hunterstrat.com/news/2006/07/22/microsoft-admits-to-zune/|title=Microsoft admits to Zunefirst=Davidlast=Hunter}date=[[2006-07-22]]}}</ref> |
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The choice of [[brand]]ing and [[Distribution (business)|distribution]] were part of the Zune as a decision of "two strategies in the market right now: cross-brand ecosystems... and singular brand ecosystems... The former is gaining in share and units sold, but the latter has enormous share and won't give that up easily."<ref name="cdm001">{{cite web|url=http://createdigitalmusic.com/2006/07/31/microsoft-not-turning-back-on-playsforsure-with-zune-player/|title=Microsoft Not Turning Back on PlaysForSure with Zune Player|last=Kirn|first=Peter|date=[[2006-07-31]]}}</ref> |
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Microsoft normally follows a platform (cross-brand) strategy, as exemplified by the PlaysForSure system. However, its Xbox division has gained some experience with the vertically-integrated strategy in which it controls everything end-to-end from the hardware to the online store. With Apple dominating the audio market with its vertically-integrated [[iPod]] system, the Xbox division won permission to try the same approach, separately from PlaysForSure and [[PlayReady]]. |
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Microsoft also wanted to go beyond Apple’s efforts and [[promotion|promote]] the [[tagline]] "the social" and [[Wi-Fi]] (wireless sharing) as key differentiators. Chris Stephenson, leader of Zune's marketing and manager of Global Marketing for the Entertainment Business,<ref> |
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{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.zune.net/en-us/press/executivebio/chrisstephenson.htm |
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|title=Chris Stephenson |
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|publisher=Microsoft Corp. |
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}} |
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</ref> said, "we see a great opportunity to bring together technology and community to allow consumers to explore and discover music together."<ref name="cdm001" /> ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' columnist [[Rob Walker (journalist)|Rob Walker]] agrees that the Zune's "community and togetherness seem like a reasonable counterpunch to iPod's supposed attraction as an individuality enabler that allows owners to wallow in their own tasteful personal soundtracks." But he also sees the Zune as having gained appeal as an individualistic statement against the omnipresent iPod: "The most salient feature of the Zune seems to be that it's not an iPod".<ref name="Walker in NY Times mag">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Rob|authorlink=Rob Walker (journalist)|title=AntiPod|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/10/magazine/10wwln-consumed-t.html|work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|date=2008-08-10|accessdate=2008-10-06}}</ref> |
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Microsoft also released a Zune theme for Windows XP that replaced the appearance of the operating system. This theme includes an orange Start button and black taskbar/Start menu. |
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Zune has also expanded its brand efforts by creating a gen-y friendly website and campaign focused on emerging artist talent: [https://zune-arts.net/ Zune Arts] |
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[[MySpace]] has added the feature to label music players on personal profiles to Zune-themed or a red [[Zune 4, 8|Zune 8]]. |
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===Sales=== |
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{|class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:1em;" |
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|+[[NPD Group]] <br /> Zune’s Hard Disk Unit Share |
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!D '06 |
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!J '07 |
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!F |
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!M |
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!April |
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!May |
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|- |
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|10.2%<ref name="claburn20070331"/> |
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|9.9%<ref name="claburn20070331">{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/cmp/20070323/tc_cmp/198500120|title=Google News Thinks “Zune” Is a Typo|last=Claburn|first=Thomas|date=[[2007-03-22]]|accessdate=2007-03-31|publisher=InformationWeek}}</ref> |
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|8.7% |
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|9.1% |
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|9.2% |
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|11.3% |
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|} |
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During its launch week, the original Zune, now Zune 30, was the second-most-sold portable media device with a 9% unit share in the United States; behind the market-leading iPod's 63%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.engadget.com/2006/11/29/Zune-takes-2-spot-in-retail-launch-week/|title=Zune takes #2 spot in retail launch week|date=[[2006-11-29]]|first=Ryan|last=Block|publisher=Engadget}}</ref> For the first 6 months after launch, [[NPD Group]] figures show that the Zune 30 achieved approximately 10% |
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<ref name="claburn20070331"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/microsoft/archives/113293.asp?source=rss|title=Zune market share slips in February|last=Bishop|first=Todd|date=[[2007-03-28]]|accessdate=2007-03-31|publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.forbes.com/digitaldownload/2007/03/apple_says_buy_.html|title=Apple Says Buy Another iPod|last=Rosmarin|first=Rachel|date=[[2007-03-30]]|accessdate=2007-03-31|publisher=Forbes.com}} </ref> market share in the Hard Drive based MP3 market and 3% <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&refer=conews&tkr=AAPL:US&sid=ap0bqJw2VpwI|title=U.S. Top Selling Computer Hardware for January 2007|last=Cruz|first=Phillip|date=[[2007-03-13]]|accessdate=2007-03-31|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/FFE4A8E2-9816-4344-9FB0-61BED246674C.html|title=Market Share Myth 2007: iPod vs Zune and Mac vs PC|date=[[2007-03-16]]|accessdate=2007-03-31|last=Eran|first=Daniel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/FFE4A8E2-9816-4344-9FB0-61BED246674C.html |
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|title=Market Share Myth 2007: iPod vs Zune and Mac vs PC |
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|last=Eran|first=Daniel|date=[[2007-03-16]] |
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|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=roughlydrafted.com}}</ref> in the overall MP3 player market. According to [[Bloomberg Television]] 1.2 million Zune 30 players were sold between November 2006 and June 2007,<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aKNQROlvcaOM Bloomberg.com: News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> surpassing a milestone.<ref>[http://www.news.com/2100-1041_3-6141431.html Microsoft: Zune sales to top 1 million by June | CNET News.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A price drop on [[Amazon.com]] during November 2007 temporarily boosted the brown Zune 30 to the top [http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=525376 Sales Rank] in electronics. |
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Critical reception for the new flash based Zunes and the Zune 80 has been much more positive than with the first generation Zune. While some reviewers concluded that the iPod is still superior, others deemed the Zune to be better.<ref>[http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/frankenreview/first-6-takes-on-zune-80-verdict-better-than-ipod-classic-321510.php First 6 Takes on Zune 80 (Verdict: Better Than iPod Classic?)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,2214740,00.asp Stars of the Small Screen - Microsoft Zune 80GB - Reviews by PC Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Zune 80 was initially in short supply due to a combination of low production output and stronger-than-expected demand. |
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On May 6, 2008, Microsoft announced that it had sold just over 2 million Zunes. Roughly one million of those were sold since the second generation Zunes launched in November 2007.<ref>[http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jB1eereM-bG8mw-O6FwoATK3mv9gD90FTHJ02 Microsoft adds TV shows to Zune Marketplace]</ref>. |
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On [[May 22]], [[2008]], TheStreet.com reported that [[GameStop]] "has decided to stop selling Microsoft's Zune players at its stores due to what it sees as insufficient demand from customers." TheStreet commented that "GameStop has hundreds of stores across the country and losing that distribution channel could hurt Zune sales," but quoted Adam Sohn, Zune marketing manager's response "We have a set of great partnerships ... Best Buy, Target, Wal-Mart, and others."<ref>{{cite web|title=GameStop to Stop Zune Sales|url=http://www.thestreet.com/_yahoo/newsanalysis/hardware/10418052.html|publisher=TheStreet.com|date=2008-05-22|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref> |
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===Availability outside the U.S.=== |
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Microsoft released the Zune to Canadian consumers on June 13, 2008, marking the first time it will be available outside the U.S.<ref>[http://www.engadget.com/2008/01/06/finally-zune-headed-to-canada Finally! Zune headed to Canada - Engadget<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A Microsoft spokesperson said a European launch might not occur until 2009.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2008/03/13/microsoft_zune_euro_delay/| title=MS said to have delayed Euro Zune debut to 2009| date=2008-03-13| accessdate=2008-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pocket-lint.co.uk/news/news.phtml/13421/14445/Microsoft-delays-zune-until-2009.phtml| title=Microsoft delays UK Zune launch til 2009| date=2008-03-13| accessdate=2008-08-17}}</ref> Microsoft has even made efforts to ban visitors outside the U.S. from http://www.zuneoriginals.net. Users wishing to sign up for a Zunetag can easily circumvent most problems by signing up for a US based account. <ref>[http://www.zunethoughts.com/news/show/23506/no-joining-the-social-for-you-non-american-zune-lovers.html Zune Thoughts: No Joining The Social For You, Non-American Zune Lovers!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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According to Microsoft France's Francois Ruault, Zune will debut in Europe Fall 2009, along with the release of the third generation Zune <ref>Gizmodo: What's interesting to EU readers is that Francois said the third-gen Zune will debut in Europe at the same time |
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http://gizmodo.com/367597/zune-3-details-+-holiday-2009-with-wi+fi-music-store</ref> |
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In keeping with Microsoft's US-only policy, the Zune does not support non-English fonts. Specifically, East Asian fonts such as Chinese or Japanese show up on the Zune device as little boxes instead of characters. Microsoft's Zune desktop software has no problem with Unicode. |
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==Criticism== |
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{{criticism-section}} |
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===Digital rights management=== |
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Several entities have expressed the effect of Microsoft imposing [[Digital Rights Management]] ([[Digital Rights Management|DRM]]) passively on the customer before and immediately after the introduction of the Zune. The [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]], in opposition to the Zune’s DRM, wrote: |
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{{cquote|Microsoft’s Zune will not play protected [[Windows Media Audio]] and Video purchased or ‘rented’ from [[Napster]] 2.0, Rhapsody, [[Yahoo! Music Unlimited|Yahoo! Unlimited]], Movielink, [[Cinemanow]], [[iTunes Store|iTunes]], or any other online media service. The Zune will not even play content previously purchased from Microsoft’s own MSN Music service. ...The media that Microsoft promised would [[Microsoft PlaysForSure|Play For Sure]] doesn't even play on Microsoft’s own device.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6120272.stm|title=Zune problems for MSN customers|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=[[2006-11-06]]}}</ref>}} |
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The EFF calls this “a stark example of DRM under the [[DMCA]] giving customers a raw deal.”<ref> |
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{{cite news|url=http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/archives/004910.php|title=Microsoft’s Zune Won't Play Protected Windows Media|date=[[September 15]], [[2006]]|accessdate=2007-01-25|publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation|first=Derek|last=Slater}}</ref> Technology reviewer [[Leo Laporte]] of [[G4techTV Canada]] said in his November 11, 2006 radio show that Zune may be the “beginning of the end” for DRM as a business tactic.<ref>{{cite web|date=[[2006-11-11]]|last=Laporte|first=Leo|title=KFI Tech Guy 299|url=http://techguylabs.com/radio/ShowNotes/Show299<!--original http://leo.am/podcasts/kfi-->}} (9:50)</ref> |
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Before the release of Zune 2.0, restrictive wireless-transfer policy and “three days or three plays whichever comes first” rule were noted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1628|title=Steve Ballmer Speaks Passionately about Microsoft, Leadership ... and Passion|publisher=Knowledge@Wharton|date=2007-01-10}}</ref><ref name="seattlepi001">{{cite web|url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/ae/291959_Zune11.html|title=Microsoft’s new portable media device isn't the apple of our iPod eyes|date=[[2006-11-11]]|first=Athima|last=Chansanchai|publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Extra restrictions resulted for (1) those with a Zune Pass;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fool.com/investing/value/2007/01/10/microsofts-new-paperweight.aspx?source=eptyholnk303100<!--original http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16563424/|title=Microsoft’s New Paperweight: Meet the only pet rock with wireless file-sharing-->|title=Microsoft’s New Paperweight|first=Seth|last=Jayson|publisher=The Motley Fool<!--original |publisher=MSNBC|date=[[2007-01-10]]|accessdate=2007-01-10-->}}</ref> (2) all songs regardless if the song had copyright or DRM or even if the user created the song; <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghacks.net/2007/01/20/zune-does-not-allow-to-share-all-songs/ |title=Zune does not allow to share all songs}}</ref> (3) a registered “play” for any portion of a song;<ref name="mossberg20061109">{{cite web|url=http://ptech.wsj.com/archive/ptech-20061109.html|title=Microsoft’s Zune Challenges iPod|first=Walter S.|last=Mossberg|date=[[2006-11-09]]|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|work=Personal Technology from The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref name="seattlepi001" /><ref name="pogue001">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/09/technology/09pogue.html?pagewanted=2|title=Trying Out the Zune: IPod It’s Not|last=Pogue|first=David|date=[[2006-11-09]]|publisher=New York Times}}</ref> (4) prevention in song re-trades.<ref name="pogue001" /> |
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Later on 40% of popular Zune store downloads were discovered non-exchangeable, triggering a “cannot send some songs due to rights restrictions” message.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/19/universal-and-sony-prohibit-zune-sharing-for-certain-artists/|title=Universal and Sony prohibit Zune sharing for certain artists|date=[[2007-01-19]]|publisher=Engadget|first=Paul|last=Miller}}</ref> Microsoft attributed the problem to a “new experience, and its implementation is in a version 1.0 stage [...] working to expand the number of songs that can be shared.”<ref name=squirtfailure>{{cite news|url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/300733_msftzune23.html|title=Zune unable to share all songs, Microsoft says|publisher=Bloomberg|first=Dina|last=Bass|date=[[2007-01-23]]|accessdate=2007-01-23}}</ref> Initially, observers criticized music publishers, UMG and Sony, for what was assumed to be an intentional restriction, while complaining why not disclose which songs could not be shared.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zunethoughts.com/news/show/579/zune-marketplace-song-sharing-a-test.html|title=Zune Marketplace Song Sharing: A Test|first=Jason|last=Dunn|date=[[2007-01-15]]}}</ref> |
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Music publishers denied having placed any such restrictions.<ref name=squirtfailure>op. cit.</ref> |
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Microsoft later became less strict in its use of DRM. With the introduction of the Zune 4G, 8G, 80G devices and a firmware upgrade to 2.0 for Zune 30, the next version of Zune Marketplace dropped the DRM for around a third of its tracks. Also, the “three days or three plays” rule were cut to simply “three plays”, with no timed expiration, and traded tracks will be able to be re-traded on.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} |
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===Incompatibility with other media players=== |
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As of September 2008, all Zunes are designed by Microsoft to be compatible only with the Zune software provided by Microsoft. The limited openness of the platform has raised criticism among those who wish to use their Zune with another media player, such as [[WinAMP]], or Microsoft’s own [[Windows Media Player]]. Zune enthusiasts have made online forum postings that report some successes in evading these limitations.<ref>http://www.zuneboards.com/forums/zune-talk/22393-songbird.html</ref><ref>http://www.mediamonkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25292</ref><ref>http://www.zuneboards.com/content/view/308/1/</ref> |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Microsoft}} |
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* [[Comparison of portable media players]] |
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* [[Comparison of Online music stores]] |
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* [[List of portable media players with Wi-Fi connectivity]] |
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* [[List of handhelds with Wi-Fi connectivity|Comparison of Wi-Fi handhelds]] |
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* [[:Category:Online music stores|Online music stores]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Zune}} |
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*[http://www.zune.net Zune.net] — Official Site |
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*[http://www.zuneinsider.com Zune Insider] – Insider blog & podcast |
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*[http://www.podcastingnews.com/2007/11/13/exclusive-interview-microsoft-zune-podcast-guru-rob-greenlee/ Zune Podcast Support] – An interview with Rob Greenlee, Podcast Programming & Marketing Lead for the Zune about the second generation Zunes' support for podcasts. |
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*{{myspace|zune}} |
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{{Microsoft}} |
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[[Category:2006 introductions]] |
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[[Category:Consumer electronics brands]] |
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[[Category:Microsoft hardware]] |
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[[Category:Online music stores]] |
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[[Category:Portable media players]] |
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[[Category:Wi-Fi devices]] |
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Revision as of 05:40, 11 October 2008
China is the largest producer of coal in the world, while the United States contains the world's largest coal reserves. China and the US are also among the largest coal consumers. Other important coal producing countries include: Australia, India, South Africa, and Russia.
USA
In the United States the Appalachian Mountains region is the major area of mining bituminous coal. There are also large fields of bituminous coal in the Midwest and along the Rocky Mountains. However, most of the coal that comes form the Western states are lower grade subituminous and lignite.
One of the largest deposits of anthracite coal is in Northeastern Pennsylvania, called the Coal Region of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania , Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. Wyoming produces the most coal of any state, however Montana has the most coal reserves. The largest mine in the world is the Black Thunder Coal Mine near Gillette, Wyoming.
Europe
Coal fields in Wales, Yorkshire and other parts of the United Kingdom used to be major mining areas. However, during the 1980s and 1990s there was a major downturn in the British mining industry due to increased use of natural gas in electrical power stations and cheaper imports. Very few working coal mines/open cast quarries now exist in Britain. Parts of Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Russia are major coal areas in Europe. Coal is still an important supply of energy, especially electricity production, in many European countries, but is being phased out due to environmental concerns.[citation needed]
Silesia in Poland has more working coal miners than the rest of the European Union combined.
There are large coal deposits in Asturias (Spain), which helped fuel the Industrial Revolution there. However, these deposits have mostly been exhausted.
Australia
Australia contains 76 billion tonnes of coal reserves [2], or approximately 8% of known worldwide deposits. Australian coal deposits include both brown coal (lignite) and black coal. The premier producing area for Australia coal is the Bowen Basin in the state of Queensland.
China
China is currently the world's largest coal miner, and it is also the largest consumer of coal in the world. Coal mining is currently facing acute safety fears accompanied by the closure of many mines.
India
India has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world (approx. 253 billion tonnes [3]). The energy derived from coal in India is about twice that of energy derived from oil, whereas world-wide, energy derived from coal is about 30% less than energy derived from oil. [4]
South Africa
In South Africa coal is mined in several regions, mainly in the East Rand around Witbank, in the Vaal valley around the Vaal Triangle and at Dundee and Newcastle in northern KwaZulu Natal. South Africa is currently the leading African coal producer.[1]
Russia
Russia is currently the 5th largest producer of coal in the world, and is 2nd largest with reserves estimated at 175 billion t. The majority of its coal is located behind the Ural mountains in Siberia. By 1999 approximately a third of coal mining business was privatized. Since then, the industry has concentrated in hands of few companies - coking coal producers were integrated with steel makers, and two national leaders in steam coal emerged. Russian coal miners have recently campaigned for improvements in their working conditions, leading to some reform.
Canada
Canada holds 78 billion tonnes of coal. [5] This is primarily bituminous and subbituminous coal, though Saskatchewan holds significant reserves of lignite coal. The Elk Valley, located in the southeast corner of British Columbia, is host to one of the world's largest deposits of hard coking coal. Five mines are operated by the Elk Valley Coal Corporation in this area.
Pakistan
Pakistan is currently world's seventh largest coal-producing country[citation needed] with coal reserves of more than 185 billion tons (second in the world after U.S.A.'s 247 billion tons)[citation needed]. Almost all (99 percent) of Pakistan's coal reserves are found in the province of Sindh.[citation needed] Pakistan's largest coal field is Thar coal field which is spread over an area of 9100 square kilometers, and contains 175 billion tons of coal. So far this coal field has not been developed but efforts are underway. There are estimates that approximately 50,000 MW electricity can be produced from thar coal field for 3 centuries.[citation needed] It is equivalent to the 400 billion barrels of oil reserves, i.e., Saudi Arab's and Iran's put together.[citation needed]
References
- Goode's World Atlas