Koudi: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox instrument |
{{Infobox instrument |
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| name = Koudi |
| name = Koudi |
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| names = |
| names = |
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| image = |
| image = Koudi.jpg |
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[[File:Koudi.jpg|thumb|right|300px]] |
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| image_capt = A ''koudi''. The large hole in the middle is the blowing hole, and the three smaller holes on the top are finger holes. The two open ends of the tube are also used, played with the thumbs. |
| image_capt = A ''koudi''. The large hole in the middle is the blowing hole, and the three smaller holes on the top are finger holes. The two open ends of the tube are also used, played with the thumbs. |
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| background =Koudi |
| background =Koudi |
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| classification =Aerophone |
| classification =Aerophone |
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| hornbostel_sachs_desc =Flute |
| hornbostel_sachs_desc =Flute |
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| inventors = [ |
| inventors = [[Yu Xunfa]] |
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| developed = |
| developed = |
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| range = |
| range = |
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}} |
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The '''''koudi''''' (Chinese: [[wiktionary:口笛|口笛]]; pinyin: kǒudí; also spelled '''''kou di''''') is a very small [[ |
The '''''koudi''''' (Chinese: [[wiktionary:口笛|口笛]]; pinyin: kǒudí; also spelled '''''kou di''''') is a very small [[Chinese flute|Chinese]] [[bamboo flute|flute made from bamboo]]. It is the smallest flute in the Chinese flute family. Its original shape derives from prehistorical instruments made with animal bone, but the modern koudi is made with wood, bamboo or PVC. It was invented in 1971 by ''[[dizi (instrument)|dizi]]'' master [[Yu Xunfa]] ([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]], 1946–2006).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hu|first=Liang|title=The Scale of Koudi|journal=Instrument|year=2004|volume=7|pages=78–80}}</ref> |
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==Overview== |
==Overview== |
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In 1971, the famous Chinese Flute player Yu Xunfa, who was inspired by original prehistorical instrument, made the first Koudi. This instrument contains one octave, and two years later this instrument went to public by playing the recomposed Romanian folk song [ |
In 1971, the famous Chinese Flute player Yu Xunfa, who was inspired by original prehistorical instrument, made the first Koudi. This instrument contains one octave, and two years later this instrument went to public by playing the recomposed Romanian folk song [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]] (《云雀》). After that, to expand the range, Xu made the five-hole Koudi, and Bai Chengren (白诚仁) composed ''Morning of A Miao Village''《苗岭的早晨》(MaoLing de ZaoChen). Therefore, Koudi became famous in China.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wang|first=Lisheng|title=Introduction to Koudi|year=2007|location=China}}</ref> |
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The instrument comes in two sizes. The smaller size, called ''gaoyin koudi'', which is only 5–6 |
The instrument comes in two sizes. The smaller size, called ''gaoyin koudi'', which is only 5–6 cm in length, has only the holes on the sides, where the thumbs can control the full range of pitch by incrementally opening the holes. The larger size, referred to as ''zhongyin koudi'', is 8–9 cm long and has an additional 2–4 holes on the front (played with the fingers, these holes give slightly more precision to pitch changes). The ''gaoyin koudi'' is pitched an octave above the ''xiao di'', whereas the ''zhongyin koudi'' is pitched an octave above the ''bang di''. The range of the ''koudi'' is about a ninth or tenth, and it can bend notes over the entire range of the instrument. |
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A related instrument in Hunnan<!--there is no such province--> province called the ''[[tuliang]]'' is also center-blown and open-ended but is much larger (about the size of the ''[[qudi]]''). |
A related instrument in Hunnan<!--there is no such province--> province called the ''[[tuliang]]'' is also center-blown and open-ended but is much larger (about the size of the ''[[qudi]]''). |
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One of the most famous compositions for the ''koudi'' is"MaoLing de ZaoChen" and ''YunQue'' ({{zh|s=[[wikt:云|云]][[wikt:雀|雀]]|p=Yún Què}}, [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]], lit. "The Skylark"). The instrument is also used in Chinese orchestral pieces such as ''Fei Tian''.<!--need hanzi--> |
One of the most famous compositions for the ''koudi'' is"MaoLing de ZaoChen" and ''YunQue'' ({{zh|s=[[wikt:云|云]][[wikt:雀|雀]]|p=Yún Què}}, [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]], lit. "The Skylark"). The instrument is also used in Chinese orchestral pieces such as ''Fei Tian''.<!--need hanzi--> |
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==Basic |
==Basic skills== |
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Basically, a Koudi has two octaves, but it is not easy to get on the correct pitch. |
Basically, a Koudi has two octaves, but it is not easy to get on the correct pitch. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Pitchesonkoudi.png|Pitches |
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</gallery> |
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== |
==Audio sample== |
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[https://archive.today/20130116032640/http://fc.5sing.com/4256068.html MiaoLing de ZaoChen by Yu Xunfa] |
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==Notable players== |
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Notable gaohu players include: |
Notable gaohu players include: |
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* Yu Xunfa([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]] |
* [[Yu Xunfa]] ([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]]) (1946–2006), in China |
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*Zhan Yongming ([ |
*Zhan Yongming ([[:zh:浙江艺术职业学院|詹永明]]) (1957- ),in China |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[ |
*[[dizi (instrument)|Dizi]] |
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*[[Chinese flutes]] |
*[[Chinese flutes]] |
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*[[Traditional Chinese musical instruments]] |
*[[Traditional Chinese musical instruments]] |
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*[[Bamboo musical instruments]] |
*[[Bamboo musical instruments]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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===Photographs=== |
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*[http://www.chineseflute.com.hk/%AC%DB%A4%F9/koudi.JPG ''Koudi'' photo] |
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*[http://yuemi.net/images3/MZ_guanyue/koudi.jpg ''Koudi'' photo] |
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===Video=== |
===Video=== |
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*[ |
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VNumjO0aJ4 ''Koudi'' video: ''Ciocârlia'' by Zhan Yongming] |
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*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VNumjO0aJ4 ''Koudi'' video: ''Ciocârlia'' by Zhan Yongming] |
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{{Flutes}} |
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===Audio=== |
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⚫ | |||
*[http://music.yahoo.com.cn/search.html?pid=ysearch&p=%BF%DA%B5%D1&button=%CB%D1%B8%E8%C7%FA&button=%CB%D1%B8%E8%B4%CA&mimetype=all&source=ysearch_music_result_topsearch Koudi audio] (click headphones to listen to individual tracks] |
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[[Category:Chinese musical instruments]] |
[[Category:Chinese musical instruments]] |
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[[Category:Side-blown flutes]] |
[[Category:Side-blown flutes]] |
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[[Category:1971 |
[[Category:1971 musical instruments]] |
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[[Category:Bamboo |
[[Category:Bamboo flutes]] |
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{{musical-instrument-stub}} |
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{{china-music-stub}} |
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[[fr:Koudi]] |
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[[sk:Koudi]] |
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[[zh:口笛]] |
Latest revision as of 02:00, 10 July 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2021) |
Koudi | |
---|---|
Classification | Aerophone |
Hornbostel–Sachs classification | (Flute) |
Inventor(s) | Yu Xunfa |
The koudi (Chinese: 口笛; pinyin: kǒudí; also spelled kou di) is a very small Chinese flute made from bamboo. It is the smallest flute in the Chinese flute family. Its original shape derives from prehistorical instruments made with animal bone, but the modern koudi is made with wood, bamboo or PVC. It was invented in 1971 by dizi master Yu Xunfa (俞逊发, 1946–2006).[1]
Overview[edit]
In 1971, the famous Chinese Flute player Yu Xunfa, who was inspired by original prehistorical instrument, made the first Koudi. This instrument contains one octave, and two years later this instrument went to public by playing the recomposed Romanian folk song Ciocârlia (《云雀》). After that, to expand the range, Xu made the five-hole Koudi, and Bai Chengren (白诚仁) composed Morning of A Miao Village《苗岭的早晨》(MaoLing de ZaoChen). Therefore, Koudi became famous in China.[2] The instrument comes in two sizes. The smaller size, called gaoyin koudi, which is only 5–6 cm in length, has only the holes on the sides, where the thumbs can control the full range of pitch by incrementally opening the holes. The larger size, referred to as zhongyin koudi, is 8–9 cm long and has an additional 2–4 holes on the front (played with the fingers, these holes give slightly more precision to pitch changes). The gaoyin koudi is pitched an octave above the xiao di, whereas the zhongyin koudi is pitched an octave above the bang di. The range of the koudi is about a ninth or tenth, and it can bend notes over the entire range of the instrument.
A related instrument in Hunnan province called the tuliang is also center-blown and open-ended but is much larger (about the size of the qudi).
One of the most famous compositions for the koudi is"MaoLing de ZaoChen" and YunQue (Chinese: 云雀; pinyin: Yún Què, Romanian: Ciocârlia, lit. "The Skylark"). The instrument is also used in Chinese orchestral pieces such as Fei Tian.
Basic skills[edit]
Basically, a Koudi has two octaves, but it is not easy to get on the correct pitch.
Audio sample[edit]
MiaoLing de ZaoChen by Yu Xunfa
Notable players[edit]
Notable gaohu players include: