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{{Refimprove|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox instrument
{{Infobox instrument
| name = Koudi
| name = Koudi
| names =
| names =
| image =
| image = Koudi.jpg
[[File:Koudi.jpg|thumb|right|300px]]
| image_capt = A ''koudi''. The large hole in the middle is the blowing hole, and the three smaller holes on the top are finger holes. The two open ends of the tube are also used, played with the thumbs.
| image_capt = A ''koudi''. The large hole in the middle is the blowing hole, and the three smaller holes on the top are finger holes. The two open ends of the tube are also used, played with the thumbs.
| background =Koudi
| background =Koudi
| classification =Aerophone
| classification =Aerophone
| hornbostel_sachs_desc =Flute
| hornbostel_sachs_desc =Flute
| inventors = [[:zh:俞遜發|Yu Xunfa]]
| inventors = [[Yu Xunfa]]
| developed =
| developed =
| range =
| range =
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}}
}}


The '''''koudi''''' (Chinese: [[wiktionary:口笛|口笛]]; pinyin: kǒudí; also spelled '''''kou di''''') is a very small [[China|Chinese]] [[flute]] made from [[bamboo]]. It is the smallest flute in Chinese Flute family. Its original shape is from prehistorical instruments made with animal bone, while Koudi is made with wood, bamboo or PVC, which is very distinct with the original shape. It was invented in 1971 by the late ''[[Dizi (musical instrument)|dizi]]'' master Yu Xunfa ([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]], 1946–2006).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hu|first=Liang|title=The Scale of Koudi|journal=Instrument|year=2004|volume=7|pages=78–80}}</ref>
The '''''koudi''''' (Chinese: [[wiktionary:口笛|口笛]]; pinyin: kǒudí; also spelled '''''kou di''''') is a very small [[Chinese flute|Chinese]] [[bamboo flute|flute made from bamboo]]. It is the smallest flute in the Chinese flute family. Its original shape derives from prehistorical instruments made with animal bone, but the modern koudi is made with wood, bamboo or PVC. It was invented in 1971 by ''[[dizi (instrument)|dizi]]'' master [[Yu Xunfa]] ([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]], 1946–2006).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hu|first=Liang|title=The Scale of Koudi|journal=Instrument|year=2004|volume=7|pages=78–80}}</ref>


==Overview==
==Overview==
In 1971, the famous Chinese Flute player Yu Xunfa, who was inspired by original prehistorical instrument, made the first Koudi. This instrument contains one octave, and two years later this instrument went to public by playing the recomposed Romanian folk song [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]] (《云雀》). After that, to expand the range，Xu made the five-hole Koudi, and Bai Chengren (白诚仁) composed ''Morning of A Miao Village''《苗岭的早晨》(MaoLing de ZaoChen). Therefore, Koudi became famous in China.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wang|first=Lisheng|title=Introduction to Koudi|year=2007|location=China}}</ref>
In 1971, the famous Chinese Flute player Yu Xunfa, who was inspired by original prehistorical instrument, made the first Koudi. This instrument contains one octave, and two years later this instrument went to public by playing the recomposed Romanian folk song [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]] (《云雀》). After that, to expand the range, Xu made the five-hole Koudi, and Bai Chengren (白诚仁) composed ''Morning of A Miao Village''《苗岭的早晨》(MaoLing de ZaoChen). Therefore, Koudi became famous in China.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wang|first=Lisheng|title=Introduction to Koudi|year=2007|location=China}}</ref>
The instrument comes in two sizes. The smaller size, called ''gaoyin koudi'', which is only 5–6&nbsp;cm in length, has only the holes on the sides, where the thumbs can control the full range of pitch by incrementally opening the holes. The larger size, referred to as ''zhongyin koudi'', is 8–9&nbsp;cm long and has an additional 2–4 holes on the front (played with the fingers, these holes give slightly more precision to pitch changes). The ''gaoyin koudi'' is pitched an octave above the ''xiao di'', whereas the ''zhongyin koudi'' is pitched an octave above the ''bang di''. The range of the ''koudi'' is about a ninth or tenth, and it can bend notes over the entire range of the instrument.
The instrument comes in two sizes. The smaller size, called ''gaoyin koudi'', which is only 5–6&nbsp;cm in length, has only the holes on the sides, where the thumbs can control the full range of pitch by incrementally opening the holes. The larger size, referred to as ''zhongyin koudi'', is 8–9&nbsp;cm long and has an additional 2–4 holes on the front (played with the fingers, these holes give slightly more precision to pitch changes). The ''gaoyin koudi'' is pitched an octave above the ''xiao di'', whereas the ''zhongyin koudi'' is pitched an octave above the ''bang di''. The range of the ''koudi'' is about a ninth or tenth, and it can bend notes over the entire range of the instrument.


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One of the most famous compositions for the ''koudi'' is"MaoLing de ZaoChen" and ''YunQue'' ({{zh|s=[[wikt:云|云]][[wikt:雀|雀]]|p=Yún Què}}, [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]], lit. "The Skylark"). The instrument is also used in Chinese orchestral pieces such as ''Fei Tian''.<!--need hanzi-->
One of the most famous compositions for the ''koudi'' is"MaoLing de ZaoChen" and ''YunQue'' ({{zh|s=[[wikt:云|云]][[wikt:雀|雀]]|p=Yún Què}}, [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: [[Ciocârlia (folk tune)|Ciocârlia]], lit. "The Skylark"). The instrument is also used in Chinese orchestral pieces such as ''Fei Tian''.<!--need hanzi-->


==Basic Skills==
==Basic skills==
Basically, a Koudi has two octaves, but it is not easy to get on the correct pitch.
Basically, a Koudi has two octaves, but it is not easy to get on the correct pitch.
<gallery>
File:Pitchesonkoudi.png|Pitches
</gallery>


==Audio Sample==
==Audio sample==
[http://fc.5sing.com/4256068.html MiaoLing de ZaoChen by Yu Xunfa]
[https://archive.today/20130116032640/http://fc.5sing.com/4256068.html MiaoLing de ZaoChen by Yu Xunfa]


==Notable Players==
==Notable players==
Notable gaohu players include:
Notable gaohu players include:
* Yu Xunfa([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]]) (1946–2006), in China
* [[Yu Xunfa]] ([[:zh:俞逊发|俞逊发]]) (1946–2006), in China
*Zhan Yongming ([[:zh:浙江艺术职业学院|詹永明]]) (1957- )，in China
*Zhan Yongming ([[:zh:浙江艺术职业学院|詹永明]]) (1957- ),in China


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Dizi (musical instrument)|Dizi]]
*[[dizi (instrument)|Dizi]]
*[[Chinese flutes]]
*[[Chinese flutes]]
*[[Traditional Chinese musical instruments]]
*[[Traditional Chinese musical instruments]]
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==External links==
==External links==

===Photographs===
*[http://www.chineseflute.com.hk/%AC%DB%A4%F9/koudi.JPG ''Koudi'' photo]
*[http://yuemi.net/images3/MZ_guanyue/koudi.jpg ''Koudi'' photo]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VNumjO0aJ4 YunQue (云雀) by Zhan Yongming（詹永明）]


===Video===
===Video===
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_imPQJe1Erc ''Koudi'' video: ''Ciocârlia'' by Yu Xunfa]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VNumjO0aJ4 ''Koudi'' video: ''Ciocârlia'' by Zhan Yongming]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VNumjO0aJ4 ''Koudi'' video: ''Ciocârlia'' by Zhan Yongming]

===Audio===
*[http://music.yahoo.com.cn/search.html?pid=ysearch&p=%BF%DA%B5%D1&button=%CB%D1%B8%E8%C7%FA&button=%CB%D1%B8%E8%B4%CA&mimetype=all&source=ysearch_music_result_topsearch Koudi audio] (click headphones to listen to individual tracks]


{{Flutes}}
{{Traditional Chinese musical instruments}}
{{Traditional Chinese musical instruments}}


[[Category:Chinese musical instruments]]
[[Category:Chinese musical instruments]]
[[Category:Side-blown flutes]]
[[Category:Side-blown flutes]]
[[Category:1971 introductions]]
[[Category:1971 musical instruments]]
[[Category:Bamboo musical instruments]]
[[Category:Bamboo flutes]]

{{musical-instrument-stub}}
{{china-music-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:00, 10 July 2023

Koudi
A koudi. The large hole in the middle is the blowing hole, and the three smaller holes on the top are finger holes. The two open ends of the tube are also used, played with the thumbs.
Koudi
Classification Aerophone
Hornbostel–Sachs classification
(Flute)
Inventor(s)Yu Xunfa

The koudi (Chinese: 口笛; pinyin: kǒudí; also spelled kou di) is a very small Chinese flute made from bamboo. It is the smallest flute in the Chinese flute family. Its original shape derives from prehistorical instruments made with animal bone, but the modern koudi is made with wood, bamboo or PVC. It was invented in 1971 by dizi master Yu Xunfa (俞逊发, 1946–2006).[1]

Overview[edit]

In 1971, the famous Chinese Flute player Yu Xunfa, who was inspired by original prehistorical instrument, made the first Koudi. This instrument contains one octave, and two years later this instrument went to public by playing the recomposed Romanian folk song Ciocârlia (《云雀》). After that, to expand the range, Xu made the five-hole Koudi, and Bai Chengren (白诚仁) composed Morning of A Miao Village《苗岭的早晨》(MaoLing de ZaoChen). Therefore, Koudi became famous in China.[2] The instrument comes in two sizes. The smaller size, called gaoyin koudi, which is only 5–6 cm in length, has only the holes on the sides, where the thumbs can control the full range of pitch by incrementally opening the holes. The larger size, referred to as zhongyin koudi, is 8–9 cm long and has an additional 2–4 holes on the front (played with the fingers, these holes give slightly more precision to pitch changes). The gaoyin koudi is pitched an octave above the xiao di, whereas the zhongyin koudi is pitched an octave above the bang di. The range of the koudi is about a ninth or tenth, and it can bend notes over the entire range of the instrument.

A related instrument in Hunnan province called the tuliang is also center-blown and open-ended but is much larger (about the size of the qudi).

One of the most famous compositions for the koudi is"MaoLing de ZaoChen" and YunQue (Chinese: 云雀; pinyin: Yún Què, Romanian: Ciocârlia, lit. "The Skylark"). The instrument is also used in Chinese orchestral pieces such as Fei Tian.

Basic skills[edit]

Basically, a Koudi has two octaves, but it is not easy to get on the correct pitch.

Audio sample[edit]

MiaoLing de ZaoChen by Yu Xunfa

Notable players[edit]

Notable gaohu players include:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hu, Liang (2004). "The Scale of Koudi". Instrument. 7: 78–80.
  2. ^ Wang, Lisheng (2007). Introduction to Koudi. China.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links[edit]

Video[edit]

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