Neurophysin II: Difference between revisions

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arginine vasopressin (neurophysin II, antidiuretic hormone, diabetes insipidus, neurohypophyseal)
arginine vasopressin (neurophysin II, antidiuretic hormone, diabetes insipidus, neurohypophyseal)
	neurophysin II, Bos taurus
Identifiers
Symbol	AVP
Alt. symbols	ARVP
NCBI gene	551
HGNC	894
OMIM	192340
RefSeq	NM_000490
UniProt	P01185
Other data
Locus	Chr. 20 p13
Structures
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Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

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Latest revision as of 23:44, 28 January 2024

Neurophysin II is a carrier protein with a size of 19,687.3 Da and is made up of a dimer of two virtually identical chains of amino acids. Neurophysin II is a cleavage product (formed by splitting of a compound molecule into a simpler one) of the AVP gene. It is a neurohypophysial hormone that is transported in vesicles with vasopressin, the other cleavage product, along axons, from magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Although it is stored in neurosecretory granules with vasopressin and released with vasopressin into the bloodstream, its biological action is unclear. Neurophysin II is also known as a stimulator of prolactin secretion.

Function[edit]

Neurophysin II is a carrier protein for vasopressin (ADH). It is produced in the cell bodies of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and transported to its site of release in the axon terminals of the posterior pituitary. Oxytocin, a hormone similar in structure to vasopressin, is analogously bound and transported by neurophysin I. Both hormones are nine residues long, and only differ by the amino acids at positions three and eight. Oxytocin possesses Ile-3 whereas vasopressin possesses Phe-3. Both Ile and Phe are hydrophobic amino acids and undergo analogous binding to neurophysins.

Structure[edit]

Neurophysin II is a dimer with each monomer consisting of two anti-parallel β-sheets. Each chain is identical with the exception of a single amino acid substitution (Chain 1 contains Lys-18, whereas chain 2 contains Ala-18). Each chain is 95 amino acids in length and binds a single oxytocin molecule. The amino acid sequence of Neurophysin II is:

NH₂ - Ala - Met - Ser - Asp - Leu - Glu - Leu - Arg - Gln - Cys - Leu - Pro - Cys - Gly - Pro - Gly - Gly - Lys - Gly - Arg - Cys - Phe - Gly - Pro - Ser - Ile - Cys - Cys - Ala - Asp - Glu - Leu - Gly - Cys - Phe - Val - Gly - Thr - Ala - Glu - Ala - Leu - Arg - Cys - Gln - Glu - Glu - Asn - Tyr - Leu - Pro - Ser - Pro - Cys - Gln - Ser - Gly - Gln - Lys - Ala - Cys - Gly - Ser - Gly - Gly - Arg - Cys - Ala - Ala - Phe - Gly - Val - Cys - Cys - Asn - Asp - Glu - Ser - Cys - Val - Thr - Glu - Pro - Glu - Cys - Arg - Glu - Gly - Phe - His - Arg - Arg - Ala - OH

(Disulfide - bridge: - 10-54; - 13-27; - 21-44; - 28-34; - 61-73; - 67-85; - 74-79)

Clinical significance[edit]

Point mutations in the genes that encode arginine vasopressin and or its carrier protein neurophysin II underlie most cases of the familial, autosomal dominant disorder neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus^[1] (also called hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus). This condition results from insufficient ADH release into systemic circulation.

References[edit]

^ Christensen JH, Siggaard C, Corydon TJ, et al. (January 2004). "Six novel mutations in the arginine vasopressin gene in 15 kindreds with autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus give further insight into the pathogenesis". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 12 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201086. PMID 14673472.

External links[edit]

Neurophysin+II at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[pmid14673472-1] Christensen JH, Siggaard C, Corydon TJ, et al. (January 2004). "Six novel mutations in the arginine vasopressin gene in 15 kindreds with autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus give further insight into the pathogenesis". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 12 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201086. PMID 14673472.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Cleavage product of the arginine vasopressin gene}}
+{{More references needed|date=January 2024}}
 {{protein
 |Name=arginine vasopressin (neurophysin II, antidiuretic hormone, diabetes insipidus, neurohypophyseal)
@@ Line 19: / Line 21: @@
 }}
-'''Neurophysin II''' is a [[carrier protein]] with a size of 19,687.3 [[Atomic mass unit|Da]] and is made up of a [[Protein dimer|dimer]] of two virtually identical chains of [[amino acid]]s. Neurophysin II is a cleavage product (formed by splitting of a compound molecule into a simpler one) of the [[AVP gene]]. It is a neurohypophysial [[hormone]] that is transported in vesicles with [[vasopressin]], the other cleavage product, along [[axon]]s, from magnocellular neurons of the [[hypothalamus]] to the posterior lobe of the [[pituitary]]. Although it is stored in neurosecretory granules with vasopressin and released with vasopressin into the bloodstream, its biological action is unclear. Neurophysin II is also known as a stimulator of [[prolactin]] secretion.
+'''Neurophysin II''' is a [[carrier protein]] with a size of 19,687.3 [[Atomic mass unit|Da]] and is made up of a [[Protein dimer|dimer]] of two virtually identical chains of [[amino acid]]s. Neurophysin II is a cleavage product (formed by splitting of a compound molecule into a simpler one) of the [[AVP gene|''AVP'' gene]]. It is a neurohypophysial [[hormone]] that is transported in vesicles with [[vasopressin]], the other cleavage product, along [[axon]]s, from magnocellular neurons of the [[hypothalamus]] to the posterior lobe of the [[pituitary]]. Although it is stored in neurosecretory granules with vasopressin and released with vasopressin into the bloodstream, its biological action is unclear. Neurophysin II is also known as a stimulator of [[prolactin]] secretion.
 == Function ==
-Neurophysin II is a carrier protein for vasopressin (ADH). It is produced in the cell bodies of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and transported to its site of release in the axon terminals of the posterior pituitary. [[Oxytocin]], a hormone similar in structure to vasopressin, is analogously bound and transported by [[Neurophysin I]]. Both hormones are nine residues long, and only differ by the amino acids at positions three and eight. Oxytocin possesses Ile-3 whereas vasopressin possesses Phe-3. Both Ile and Phe are hydrophobic amino acids and undergo analogous binding to neurophysins.
+Neurophysin II is a carrier protein for vasopressin (ADH). It is produced in the cell bodies of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and transported to its site of release in the axon terminals of the posterior pituitary. [[Oxytocin]], a hormone similar in structure to vasopressin, is analogously bound and transported by [[neurophysin I]]. Both hormones are nine residues long, and only differ by the amino acids at positions three and eight. Oxytocin possesses Ile-3 whereas vasopressin possesses Phe-3. Both Ile and Phe are hydrophobic amino acids and undergo analogous binding to neurophysins.
 == Structure ==
@@ Line 33: / Line 35: @@
 == Clinical significance ==
-Point mutations in the genes that encode arginine vasopressin and or its carrier protein neurophysin II underlie most cases of the familial, autosomal dominant disorder [[neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus]].<ref name="pmid14673472">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Christensen JH, Siggaard C, Corydon TJ, etal |title=Six novel mutations in the arginine vasopressin gene in 15 kindreds with autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus give further insight into the pathogenesis |journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=44–51 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14673472 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201086|doi-access=free }}</ref> (also called hereditary hypothalamic [[diabetes insipidus]]). This condition results from insufficient [[Vasopressin|ADH]] release into systemic circulation.
+Point mutations in the genes that encode arginine vasopressin and or its carrier protein neurophysin II underlie most cases of the familial, autosomal dominant disorder [[neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus]]<ref name="pmid14673472">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Christensen JH, Siggaard C, Corydon TJ, etal |title=Six novel mutations in the arginine vasopressin gene in 15 kindreds with autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus give further insight into the pathogenesis |journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=44–51 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14673472 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201086|doi-access=free }}</ref> (also called hereditary hypothalamic [[diabetes insipidus]]). This condition results from insufficient [[Vasopressin|ADH]] release into systemic circulation.
 == See also ==

v t e Proteins: carrier proteins
Fatty acid	FABP1 FABP2 FABP3 FABP4 FABP5 FABP6 FABP7
Hormone	peptide hormone: Follistatin Growth hormone binding protein Insulin-like growth factor binding protein IGFBP1 IGFBP2 IGFBP3 IGFBP4 IGFBP5 IGFBP6 IGFBP7 Neurophysins Neurophysin I II steroid hormone: Sex hormone binding globulin/Androgen binding protein Transcortin Thyroxine-binding globulin Transthyretin
Metal/element	calcium Calcium-binding protein Calmodulin-binding proteins copper Ceruloplasmin iron Iron-binding proteins Transferrin receptor
Vitamin	Retinol binding protein 1 2 3 4 Transcobalamin
Pigment	Plant Light-Harvesting Complex Orange Carotenoid Protein Phycobiliprotein Photosynthetic Reaction Centers Phytochrome Rhodopsin
Other	Acyl carrier protein Adaptor protein Cholesterylester transfer protein F-box protein GTP-binding protein Latent TGF-beta binding protein Major urinary proteins Membrane transport protein Odorant binding protein