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{{Short description|Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam}}
{{Short description|Prime Minister of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1968}}
{{family name hatnote|Nguyen|Lộc|lang=Vietnamese}}
{{family name hatnote|Nguyễn|Lộc|Nguyen|lang=Vietnamese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nguyễn Văn Lộc
| name = Nguyễn Văn Lộc
| image = Nguyen Van Loc (1968).jpg
| image = Nguyen Van Loc (1968).jpg
| caption = Lộc in 1968
| caption = Lộc in 1968
| office = 6th [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam]]
| order = 6th
| term_start = 9 November 1967
| office = Prime Minister of South Vietnam
| term_start = 31 October 1967
| term_end = 18 May 1968
| term_end = 18 May 1968
| president = [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]]
| president = [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]]
| vicepresident = [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]]
| deputy = [[Phạm Đăng Lâm]]
| deputy = [[Phạm Đăng Lâm]]
| predecessor = Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
| predecessor = [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]]
| successor = [[Trần Văn Hương]]
| successor = [[Trần Văn Hương]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|08|24|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|08|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Long Châu Village, Châu Thành District, [[Vĩnh Long]] Province, [[Cochinchina]], [[French Indochina]]
| birth_place = [[Vĩnh Long]] Province, [[Cochinchina]], [[French Indochina]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|05|31|1922|08|24|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|05|31|1922|08|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Yvelines]], [[France]]
| death_place = [[Yvelines]], [[France]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| otherparty = [[Republic of Vietnam Military Forces|Military]]
| otherparty = [[Republic of Vietnam Military Forces|Military]] (1963–1967)
| spouse = 1953 Nguyễn Mông Hoa, 1984 Nguyễn Thị Mai
| spouse = {{ubl|Nguyễn Mông Hoa (1953–?)|Nguyễn Thị Mai (1984–1992)}}
| children = 2 + 4
| children = 6
| alma_mater = [[University of Montpellier]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]])<br>[[University of Paris]] ([[Master's degree|MA]])
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Montpellier]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]])|[[University of Paris]] ([[Master's degree|MA]])}}
| signature = Signature of Nguyễn Văn Lộc.svg
| signature = Signature of Nguyễn Văn Lộc.svg
}}
}}
'''Nguyễn Văn Lộc''' (24 August 1922 – 31 May 1992) was a South Vietnamese educator, lawyer, and politician who served as [[Leaders of South Vietnam#Prime Ministers|Prime Minister of South Vietnam]] between 9 November 1967 and 18 May 1968.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Vietnam.html Prime ministers of South Vietnam]</ref> His second wife, Nguyễn Thị Mai, would be the subject of a biography, ''Black Silk Pajamas'' in 2000. Lộc attempted to leave Vietnam 14 times before successfully making it to Singapore in May 1983 as a [[boat people|refugee]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/29/world/vietnam-ex-premier-tells-how-he-escaped.html Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped]</ref> He died in Paris, France in May 1992 at the age of 69.<ref>[http://vietluan.com.au/vinh-biet-thay-nguyen-van-truong/ Vĩnh biệt Thầy Nguyễn Văn Trường!]</ref>
'''Nguyễn Văn Lộc''' (24 August 1922 – 31 May 1992) was a South Vietnamese educator, lawyer, and politician who served as [[Leaders of South Vietnam#Prime Ministers|Prime Minister of South Vietnam]] between 1 November 1967 and 18 May 1968.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Vietnam.html Prime ministers of South Vietnam]</ref> His second wife, Nguyễn Thị Mai, would be the subject of a biography, ''Black Silk Pajamas'' in 2000.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Nguyễn Văn Lộc was born on 24 August 1922, in Long Chau village, Chau Thanh district - Vinh Long, (now Vinh Long City, [[Vinh Long Province]]) to a wealthy family. He obtained a bachelor's degree in law from the [[University of Montpellier]], [[France]] in 1954 and a master's degree in criminal law from the [[University of Paris]], France in 1964.
He was born on 24 August 1922, in Long Chau village, Chau Thanh district - Vinh Long, (now Vinh Long City, [[Vinh Long Province]]) to a wealthy family. He obtained a bachelor's degree in law from the [[University of Montpellier]], [[France]] in 1954 and a master's degree in criminal law from the [[University of Paris]], France in 1964.


==Early career==
==Early career==
In 1945, he participated in the Anti-French War of Resistance, commonly known as the [[First Indochina War]], which he served as the editor-in-chief of an underground newspaper called [[La Lutte (newspaper)|''La Lutte'']].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033752/https://www.govopendata.com/cankaoxiaoxi/1967/1/15/3/?amp=1</ref> After realizing the communist nature of the [[Việt Minh]], he left and returned to Saigon, publishing and printing newspapers.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf</ref>
In 1945, he participated in the Anti-French War of Resistance, commonly known as the [[First Indochina War]], which he served as the editor-in-chief of an underground newspaper called [[La Lutte (newspaper)|''La Lutte'']].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.govopendata.com/cankaoxiaoxi/1967/1/15/3/?amp=1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033752/https://www.govopendata.com/cankaoxiaoxi/1967/1/15/3/?amp=1 | archive-date=2022-06-20 | title=Welcome to nginx! }}</ref> After realizing the communist nature of the [[Việt Minh]], he left and returned to Saigon, publishing and printing newspapers.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf</ref>


===Political career===
===Political career===
Since 1955, he has been a lawyer of the Saigon High Court.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033752/https://www.govopendata.com/cankaoxiaoxi/1967/1/15/3/?amp=1</ref>
Since 1955, he has been a lawyer of the Saigon High Court.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.govopendata.com/cankaoxiaoxi/1967/1/15/3/?amp=1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033752/https://www.govopendata.com/cankaoxiaoxi/1967/1/15/3/?amp=1 | archive-date=2022-06-20 | title=Welcome to nginx! }}</ref>
In 1964, Lộc was elected Chairman of the Civil-Military Council (Hội Đồng Dân Quân, the legislature during the transition from a military government to an elected government).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf</ref> In 1967, [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]] invited Lộc to join him in the [[1967 South Vietnamese presidential election]] as his running mate, being the vice presidential candidate.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf</ref> After deciding to run jointly with [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]], being his running mate as the vice presidential candidate, Kỳ asked Lộc to withdraw. To compensate Lộc, Kỳ asked Thiệu to appoint Lộc as the [[Leaders of South Vietnam#Prime Ministers|prime minister of the government]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220620080906/https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/images.php?img=%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.pdf</ref>
In 1964, Lộc was elected Chairman of the Civil-Military Council (Hội Đồng Dân Quân, the legislature during the transition from a military government to an elected government).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf</ref> In 1967, [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]] invited Lộc to join him in the [[1967 South Vietnamese presidential election]] as his running mate, being the vice presidential candidate.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf</ref> After deciding to run jointly with [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]], being his running mate as the vice presidential candidate, Kỳ asked Lộc to withdraw. To compensate Lộc, Kỳ asked Thiệu to appoint Lộc as the [[Leaders of South Vietnam#Prime Ministers|prime minister of the government]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/images.php?img=%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620080906/https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/images.php?img=%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.pdf | archive-date=2022-06-20 | title=VNCA_StarDisk%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.PDF }}</ref>

⚫
====Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1967-1968)====
⚫
In November 1967, he was appointed by President Thiệu to be the first Prime Minister of the [[Second Republic of Vietnam]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220620080906/https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/images.php?img=%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.pdf</ref> In mid-November 1967, Prime Minister Lộc presented his cabinet:


⚫
====Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1967–1968)====
⚫
In November 1967, he was appointed by President Thiệu to be the first Prime Minister of the [[Second Republic of Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/images.php?img=%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620080906/https://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/images.php?img=%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.pdf | archive-date=2022-06-20 | title=VNCA_StarDisk%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.PDF }}</ref> In mid-November 1967, Prime Minister Lộc presented his cabinet:
* Deputy Minister (Diplomacy): [[Phạm Đăng Lâm]]
* Foreign Minister: Doctor [[Trần Văn Đỗ]]
* Foreign Minister: Doctor [[Trần Văn Đỗ]]
* Defense Minister: Lieutenant General [[Nguyễn Văn Vy]]
* Defense Minister: Lieutenant General [[Nguyễn Văn Vy]]
* Interior Minister: Lieutenant General [[Linh Quang Viên]]
* Interior Minister: Lieutenant General [[Linh Quang Viên]]
* Minister of Rural Construction: Lieutenant General Nguyễn Đức Thắng
* Minister of Rural Construction: Lieutenant General [[Nguyễn Đức Thắng]]
* Economic Minister: Trương Thái Tôn
* Economic Minister: Trương Thái Tôn
* Finance Minister: Lưu Văn Tính
* Finance Minister: Lưu Văn Tính
Line 54: Line 54:
* Minister of Social Affairs and Refugees: Dr. Nguyễn Phúc Quế
* Minister of Social Affairs and Refugees: Dr. Nguyễn Phúc Quế
* Transport Minister: Lương Thái Siêu
* Transport Minister: Lương Thái Siêu
⚫
Education Ministers: Trần Lưu Cung (Education; in charge of Universities and Specializations), Professor Lê Trọng Vinh (Education; in charge of First, Secondary and High School), Law. Professor Hồ Thới Sang (Education; in charge of School Youth). Professor Bùi Xuân Bào (Culture), Nguyễn Chánh Lý (Commerce), Võ Văn Nhung (Technology). Professor Nguyễn Văn Tường and Đoàn Bá Cang hold the positions of Ministers of the Prime Minister's Office.
And two Ministers in charge of other areas.
⚫
Deputy Ministers are [[Phạm Đăng Lâm]] (Diplomacy), Trần Lưu Cung (Education; in charge of Universities and Specializations), Professor Lê Trọng Vinh (Education; in charge of First, Secondary and High School), Law. Professor Hồ Thới Sang (Education; in charge of School Youth), Professor Bùi Xuân Bào (Culture), Nguyễn Chánh Lý (Commerce), Võ Văn Nhung (Technology). Professor Nguyễn Văn Tường and Đoàn Bá Cang hold the positions of Ministers of the Prime Minister's Office.


After the [[1968 Tet Offensive]], he was criticized and forced to resign. Since then, he has stopped doing politics and has turned to teaching : 1969, teacher, Hoa Hao University, An Giang (Vietnam), 1971, director, Cao Dai University, Tai Ninh (Vietnam).
After the [[1968 Tet Offensive]], he was criticized and forced to resign. Since then, he has stopped doing politics and has turned to teaching : 1969, teacher, Hoa Hao University, An Giang (Vietnam), 1971, director, Cao Dai University, Tai Ninh (Vietnam).


==Fall of Saigon==
==Fall of Saigon==
Line 63: Line 62:
In 1980, after spending five brutal years in the [[Re-education camp (Vietnam)|re-education camp]], the [[Communist]] government decided to let Lộc return to [[Saigon]] (now [[Ho Chi Minh City]]). Lộc explains,
In 1980, after spending five brutal years in the [[Re-education camp (Vietnam)|re-education camp]], the [[Communist]] government decided to let Lộc return to [[Saigon]] (now [[Ho Chi Minh City]]). Lộc explains,


''I nearly died in the labor camp, where I was kept with about 1,500 others on a near starvation diet, they let me return to Saigon in 1980 only after they felt that I was dying.''<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/29/world/vietnam-ex-premier-tells-how-he-escaped.html Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped]</ref>
''I nearly died in the labor camp, where I was kept with about 1,500 others on a near starvation diet, they let me return to Saigon in 1980 only after they felt that I was dying.''<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/29/world/vietnam-ex-premier-tells-how-he-escaped.html Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped]</ref>

Lộc attempted to leave Vietnam 14 times before successfully making it to Singapore in May 1983 as a [[boat people|refugee]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/29/world/vietnam-ex-premier-tells-how-he-escaped.html Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped]</ref> He died in [[Yvelines]], France in May 1992 at the age of 69.<ref>[http://vietluan.com.au/vinh-biet-thay-nguyen-van-truong/ Vĩnh biệt Thầy Nguyễn Văn Trường!]</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 80: Line 81:
[[Category:South Vietnamese politicians]]
[[Category:South Vietnamese politicians]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of South Vietnam]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of South Vietnam]]
[[Category:Vietnamese anti-communists]]
[[Category:Vietnamese exiles]]
[[Category:Vietnamese emigrants to Singapore]]
[[Category:Vietnamese emigrants to Singapore]]
[[Category:Vietnamese emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Vietnamese emigrants to France]]




Revision as of 01:37, 21 April 2024

In this Vietnamese name, the surname is Nguyễn, but is often simplified to Nguyen in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Lộc.
Nguyễn Văn Lộc
Lộc in 1968
6th Prime Minister of South Vietnam
In office
31 October 1967 – 18 May 1968
PresidentNguyễn Văn Thiệu
DeputyPhạm Đăng Lâm
Preceded byNguyễn Cao Kỳ
Succeeded byTrần Văn Hương
Personal details
Born(1922-08-24)24 August 1922
Vĩnh Long Province, Cochinchina, French Indochina
Died31 May 1992(1992-05-31) (aged 69)
Yvelines, France
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		Military (1963–1967)
Spouses
  • Nguyễn Mông Hoa (1953–?)
  • Nguyễn Thị Mai (1984–1992)
Children6
Alma mater
Signature

Nguyễn Văn Lộc (24 August 1922 – 31 May 1992) was a South Vietnamese educator, lawyer, and politician who served as Prime Minister of South Vietnam between 1 November 1967 and 18 May 1968.[1] His second wife, Nguyễn Thị Mai, would be the subject of a biography, Black Silk Pajamas in 2000.

Early life and education

He was born on 24 August 1922, in Long Chau village, Chau Thanh district - Vinh Long, (now Vinh Long City, Vinh Long Province) to a wealthy family. He obtained a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Montpellier, France in 1954 and a master's degree in criminal law from the University of Paris, France in 1964.

Early career

In 1945, he participated in the Anti-French War of Resistance, commonly known as the First Indochina War, which he served as the editor-in-chief of an underground newspaper called La Lutte.[2] After realizing the communist nature of the Việt Minh, he left and returned to Saigon, publishing and printing newspapers.[3]

Political career

Since 1955, he has been a lawyer of the Saigon High Court.[4] In 1964, Lộc was elected Chairman of the Civil-Military Council (Hội Đồng Dân Quân, the legislature during the transition from a military government to an elected government).[5] In 1967, Nguyễn Cao Kỳ invited Lộc to join him in the 1967 South Vietnamese presidential election as his running mate, being the vice presidential candidate.[6] After deciding to run jointly with Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, being his running mate as the vice presidential candidate, Kỳ asked Lộc to withdraw. To compensate Lộc, Kỳ asked Thiệu to appoint Lộc as the prime minister of the government.[7]

Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1967–1968)

In November 1967, he was appointed by President Thiệu to be the first Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Vietnam.[8] In mid-November 1967, Prime Minister Lộc presented his cabinet:

  • Deputy Minister (Diplomacy): Phạm Đăng Lâm
  • Foreign Minister: Doctor Trần Văn Đỗ
  • Defense Minister: Lieutenant General Nguyễn Văn Vy
  • Interior Minister: Lieutenant General Linh Quang Viên
  • Minister of Rural Construction: Lieutenant General Nguyễn Đức Thắng
  • Economic Minister: Trương Thái Tôn
  • Finance Minister: Lưu Văn Tính
  • Minister of Culture and Education: Professor Tăng Kim Đồng
  • Minister of Labor: Professor Phó Bá Long
  • Minister of Health: Doctor Trần Lữ Y
  • Minister of Public Works: Bửu Đôn
  • Minister of Justice: Huỳnh Đức Bửu
  • Minister for Ethnic Development: Paul Nur
  • Minister of Agriculture and Land: Tôn Thất Trình
  • Minister of Social Affairs and Refugees: Dr. Nguyễn Phúc Quế
  • Transport Minister: Lương Thái Siêu

Education Ministers: Trần Lưu Cung (Education; in charge of Universities and Specializations), Professor Lê Trọng Vinh (Education; in charge of First, Secondary and High School), Law. Professor Hồ Thới Sang (Education; in charge of School Youth). Professor Bùi Xuân Bào (Culture), Nguyễn Chánh Lý (Commerce), Võ Văn Nhung (Technology). Professor Nguyễn Văn Tường and Đoàn Bá Cang hold the positions of Ministers of the Prime Minister's Office.

After the 1968 Tet Offensive, he was criticized and forced to resign. Since then, he has stopped doing politics and has turned to teaching : 1969, teacher, Hoa Hao University, An Giang (Vietnam), 1971, director, Cao Dai University, Tai Ninh (Vietnam).

Fall of Saigon

On 30 April 1975, when South Vietnam collapsed to the advancing forces of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, Lộc like other high-ranking government and military officials of the Saigon government that stayed behind were sent to re-education camp operated by the new Communist Vietnamese government.[9] In an interview with the New York Times, Lộc describes in the re-education camps he and other inmates were forced to perform hard labor such as clearing the jungles, swamps, and minefields to building dams and farming. He mentions the conditions of the camps were so brutal that two or three people within the camps would die every week from malnutrition or illnesses [10] In 1980, after spending five brutal years in the re-education camp, the Communist government decided to let Lộc return to Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City). Lộc explains,

I nearly died in the labor camp, where I was kept with about 1,500 others on a near starvation diet, they let me return to Saigon in 1980 only after they felt that I was dying.[11]

Lộc attempted to leave Vietnam 14 times before successfully making it to Singapore in May 1983 as a refugee.[12] He died in Yvelines, France in May 1992 at the age of 69.[13]

References

  1. ^ Prime ministers of South Vietnam
  2. ^ "Welcome to nginx!". Archived from the original on 2022-06-20.
  3. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf
  4. ^ "Welcome to nginx!". Archived from the original on 2022-06-20.
  5. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf
  6. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20160325183342/http://www.daotam.info/booksv/pdf/CuuThuTuongLocTuTran.pdf
  7. ^ "VNCA_StarDisk%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.PDF" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-20.
  8. ^ "VNCA_StarDisk%2Fimages%2F236%2F2361003009.PDF" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-20.
  9. ^ Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped
  10. ^ Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped
  11. ^ Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped
  12. ^ Vietnam Ex-Premier tells how he escaped
  13. ^ Vĩnh biệt Thầy Nguyễn Văn Trường!
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam
1967–1968 		Succeeded by


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