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The '''Nieuport-Delage Sesqiplan'''s were a series of 1920s [[France|French]] [[Air racing|racing]] [[monoplane]] built by [[Nieuport|Nieuport-Delage]]. It established a [[Flight airspeed record|world air speed record]] in 1923.<ref name="orbis" />
The '''Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplans''' were a series of 1920s [[France|French]] [[Air racing|racing]] [[monoplane]]s built by [[Nieuport|Nieuport-Delage]]. It was the first aircraft to be recorded as achieving 200&nbsp;mph (321.88&nbsp;km/h) in [[level flight]] and it established a [[Flight airspeed record|world air speed record]] in 1923, attaining an [[airspeed]] of 205.2&nbsp;mph (330.275&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="orbis" />


==Development==
==Development==
[[File:Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplane racer.jpg|thumb|Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplane racer with twin Lamblin radiators under the fuselage]]
The Sesquiplane first appeared in 1921, a development of the [[Nieuport 31]] fighter. It was a sleek shoulder-wing braced monoplane powered by a supercharged 8 cylinder {{convert|300|hp|kW|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} [[Hispano-Suiza 8F]]b engine.<ref name="orbis" /><ref name=Flight0/> The name Sesquiplane was due to the additional aerofoil that was attached to the axle of the fixed [[conventional landing gear]].<ref name="orbis" />
The Sesquiplane first appeared in 1921, a development of the [[Nieuport 31]] fighter. It was a sleek shoulder-wing braced monoplane powered by a supercharged 8 cylinder {{convert|300|hp|kW|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} [[Hispano-Suiza 8F]]b engine.<ref name="orbis" /><ref name=Flight0/> The name Sesquiplane was due to the additional aerofoil that was attached to the axle of the fixed [[conventional landing gear]].<ref name="orbis" />


Two Sesquiplans were built and both were entered into the [[Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe]] speed event held at [[Etampes]] in October 1921. The aircraft flown by Sadi Lacointe crashed during the race but the other, piloted by Georges Kirsch, won at an average speed of 278.36&nbsp;km/h (173&nbsp;mph).<ref name="orbis" /><ref name=Flight1/> These Sesquiplans had a span of {{convert|26|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}}, a wing area of {{convert|107.6|sqft|m2|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}}, a length of {{convert|20|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}} and a loaded weight of {{convert|1980|lb|kg|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}}.<ref name=Flight0/> The following year Lacointe crashed again in a Sesquiplan with a new squared off wing of similar span and with a [[Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization|Göttingen]] 416 airfoil section replacing the original wing,<ref>Sanger, 2002, p.174</ref> having set a new world record speed of 325 kmh (202&nbsp;mph) over 100&nbsp;km (62&nbsp;mi).<ref name=Flight2/>
Two Sesquiplans were built and both were entered into the [[Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe]] speed event held at [[Etampes]] in October 1921. The aircraft flown by [[Joseph Sadi-Lecointe|Sadi-Lecointe]] crashed during the race but the other, piloted by Georges Kirsch, won at an average speed of 278.36&nbsp;km/h (173&nbsp;mph).<ref name="orbis" /><ref name=Flight1/> These Sesquiplans had a span of {{convert|26|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}}, a wing area of {{convert|107.6|sqft|m2|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}}, a length of {{convert|20|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on|1|disp=flip}} and a loaded weight of {{convert|1980|lb|kg|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}}.<ref name=Flight0/> The following year Lacointe crashed again in a Sesquiplan with a new squared off wing of similar span and with a [[Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization|Göttingen]] 416 airfoil section replacing the original wing,<ref>Sanger, 2002, p.174</ref> having set a new world record speed of 325 kmh (202&nbsp;mph) over 100&nbsp;km (62&nbsp;mi).<ref name=Flight2/>
The surviving aircraft was modified with a 400&nbsp;hp (298&nbsp;kW) [[Wright Hispano H-3]] engine and a revised vertical tail, possibly becoming the [[Nieuport NiD 41]]<ref name=Hartmann2>Hartmann, p.31</ref> (sources differ on the identity of the NiD 41<ref>Sanger, 2002, p.159, 174, 175</ref>) and named ''Eugène Gilbert''.<ref name="orbis" /> Flush radiators made of thin corrugated brass welded together covered most of the wing and replaced the Lamblin radiators used previously.<ref name="Sanger, 2002, p.175">Sanger, 2002, p.175</ref> In February 1923 Lecointe set a new world speed record of 375 kmh (233&nbsp;mph) at [[Istres]] in it.<ref name="Sanger, 2002, p.175"/><ref name=Flight3/>
The surviving aircraft was modified with a 400&nbsp;hp (298&nbsp;kW) [[Wright Hispano H-3]] engine and a revised vertical tail, possibly becoming the '''Nieuport NiD 41'''<ref name=Hartmann2>Hartmann, p.31</ref> (sources differ on the identity of the NiD 41<ref>Sanger, 2002, p.159, 174, 175</ref>) and named ''Eugène Gilbert''.<ref name="orbis" /> Flush radiators made of thin corrugated brass welded together covered most of the wing and replaced the Lamblin radiators used previously.<ref name="Sanger, 2002, p.175">Sanger, 2002, p.175</ref> In February 1923 Lecointe set a new world speed record of 375 kmh (233&nbsp;mph) at [[Istres]] in it.<ref name="Sanger, 2002, p.175"/><ref name=Flight3/>


The last racing Sesquiplan, the [[Nieuport-Delage NiD 42|Nieuport-Delage NiD 42 S]] was a new design, fitted with a 12 cylinder {{convert|600|hp|kW|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} [[Hispano 12H]]b engine. In June 1924 Lecointe won the Coupe Beaumont in it averaging a speed of {{convert|311|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} over the 300&nbsp;km course. He did not stop at the end of the course but continued to cover 500&nbsp;km in total at an average of {{convert|306|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}}, a new record for that distance.<ref name=Flight4/>
The last racing Sesquiplan, the [[Nieuport-Delage NiD 42|Nieuport-Delage NiD 42 S]] was a new design, fitted with a 12-cylinder {{convert|600|hp|kW|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} [[Hispano 12H]]b engine. In June 1924 Lecointe won the Coupe Beaumont in it averaging a speed of {{convert|311|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} over the 300&nbsp;km course. He did not stop at the end of the course but continued to cover 500&nbsp;km in total at an average of {{convert|306|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}}, a new record for that distance.<ref name=Flight4/>


==Specifications (''Eugène Gilbert'')==
==Specifications (''Eugène Gilbert'')==
[[File:Nieuport_Delage_Sesquiplan_3-view_L'Aerophile_September,1921.png|thumb|Nieuport Delage Sesquiplan 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile September,1921]]
{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Hartmann p.31<ref name=Hartmann2/>
|ref=Hartmann p.31<ref name=Hartmann2/>
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|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|climb rate note=
|wing loading kg/m2
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|wing loading note=
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* [[Letov Š-8]]
* [[Letov Š-8]]
* [[Navy-Wright NW]]
* [[Navy-Wright NW]]

|sequence=<!-- designation sequence, if appropriate -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
}}
}}


==References==
==References==

{{commonscat|Nieuport}}
===Notes===
===Notes===
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="orbis">Orbis 1985, p. 2615</ref>
<ref name="orbis">Orbis 1985, p. 2615</ref>


<ref name=Flight0>{{cite journal|year=1921|month=29 Septemberber |title=The Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe|journal=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XIII|issue=39|page=p.651|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200651.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Flight0>{{cite magazine|date=29 September 1921|title=The Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe|magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XIII|issue=39|page=651|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200651.html}}</ref>


<ref name=Flight1>{{cite journal|year=1921|month=6 October |title=The coupe Deutsch|journal=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XIII|issue=40|page=p.663|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200663.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Flight1>{{cite magazine|date=6 October 1921 |title=The coupe Deutsch|magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XIII|issue=40|page=663|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200663.html}}</ref>


<ref name=Flight2>{{cite journal|year=1922|month=5 October |title=The Race for the Coupe Deutsch Trophy|journal=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XIV|issue=40|page=p.573|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1922/1922%20-%200573.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Flight2>{{cite magazine|date=5 October 1922 |title=The Race for the Coupe Deutsch Trophy|magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XIV|issue=40|page=573|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1922/1922%20-%200573.html}}</ref>


<ref name=Flight3>{{cite journal|year=1923|month=22 February |title=Sadi Gets it Once More|journal=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XV|issue=8|page=p.114|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1923/1923%20-%200114.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Flight3>{{cite magazine|date=22 February 1923 |title=Sadi Gets it Once More|magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XV|issue=8|page=114|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1923/1923%20-%200114.html}}</ref>


<ref name=Flight4>{{cite journal|year=1924|month=24 July |title=The Nieuport-Delage Type 42|journal=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XVI|issue=30|page=p.461|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1924/1924%20-%200461.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Flight4>{{cite magazine|date=24 July 1924 |title=The Nieuport-Delage Type 42|magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XVI|issue=30|page=461|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1924/1924%20-%200461.html}}</ref>


}}
}}


===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
{{Commons category|Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplan}}
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985)|year= |publisher= Orbis Publishing|location= |issn=|pages=}}
*{{cite book |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985)|publisher= Orbis Publishing}}

*{{cite web |url=http://www.hydroretro.net/etudegh/les_avions_nieuport-delage.pdf
*{{cite web |url=http://www.hydroretro.net/etudegh/les_avions_nieuport-delage.pdf
|title=Les Avions Nieuport |author=Hartmann |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=4 October 2013}}
|title=Les Avions Nieuport |author=Hartmann |access-date=4 October 2013}}


*{{cite book|last=Sanger|first=Ray|title=Nieuport Aircraft of World War One|publisher=Crowood Press|location=Wiltshire|year=2002|isbn=1-86126-447-X}}
*{{cite book|last=Sanger|first=Ray|title=Nieuport Aircraft of World War One|publisher=Crowood Press|location=Wiltshire|year=2002|isbn=1-86126-447-X}}
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{{Nieuport aircraft}}
{{Nieuport aircraft}}
{{Aviation lists}}


[[Category:French sport aircraft 1920–1929]]
[[Category:1920s French sport aircraft]]
[[Category:Nieuport aircraft|Sesquiplan]]
[[Category:Nieuport aircraft|Sesquiplan]]
[[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1921]]
[[Category:Sesquiplanes]]
[[Category:Sesquiplanes]]

Latest revision as of 03:18, 20 March 2023

Sesquiplan
The world record setting NiD 41 Sesquiplan 'Eugène Gilbert'
Role Racing monoplane
National origin France
Manufacturer Nieuport-Delage
First flight 1921
Number built 2

The Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplans were a series of 1920s French racing monoplanes built by Nieuport-Delage. It was the first aircraft to be recorded as achieving 200 mph (321.88 km/h) in level flight and it established a world air speed record in 1923, attaining an airspeed of 205.2 mph (330.275 km/h).[1]

Development[edit]

Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplane racer with twin Lamblin radiators under the fuselage

The Sesquiplane first appeared in 1921, a development of the Nieuport 31 fighter. It was a sleek shoulder-wing braced monoplane powered by a supercharged 8 cylinder 224 kW (300 hp) Hispano-Suiza 8Fb engine.[1][2] The name Sesquiplane was due to the additional aerofoil that was attached to the axle of the fixed conventional landing gear.[1]

Two Sesquiplans were built and both were entered into the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe speed event held at Etampes in October 1921. The aircraft flown by Sadi-Lecointe crashed during the race but the other, piloted by Georges Kirsch, won at an average speed of 278.36 km/h (173 mph).[1][3] These Sesquiplans had a span of 8.0 m (26 ft 4 in), a wing area of 10.0 m2 (107.6 sq ft), a length of 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in) and a loaded weight of 898 kg (1,980 lb).[2] The following year Lacointe crashed again in a Sesquiplan with a new squared off wing of similar span and with a Göttingen 416 airfoil section replacing the original wing,[4] having set a new world record speed of 325 kmh (202 mph) over 100 km (62 mi).[5] The surviving aircraft was modified with a 400 hp (298 kW) Wright Hispano H-3 engine and a revised vertical tail, possibly becoming the Nieuport NiD 41[6] (sources differ on the identity of the NiD 41[7]) and named Eugène Gilbert.[1] Flush radiators made of thin corrugated brass welded together covered most of the wing and replaced the Lamblin radiators used previously.[8] In February 1923 Lecointe set a new world speed record of 375 kmh (233 mph) at Istres in it.[8][9]

The last racing Sesquiplan, the Nieuport-Delage NiD 42 S was a new design, fitted with a 12-cylinder 447 kW (600 hp) Hispano 12Hb engine. In June 1924 Lecointe won the Coupe Beaumont in it averaging a speed of 311 km/h (193 mph) over the 300 km course. He did not stop at the end of the course but continued to cover 500 km in total at an average of 306 km/h (190 mph), a new record for that distance.[10]

Specifications (Eugène Gilbert)[edit]

Nieuport Delage Sesquiplan 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile September,1921

Data from Hartmann p.31[6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 7.80 m (25 ft 7 in)
  • Wingspan: 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in)
  • Wing area: 12.70 m2 (136.7 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 800 kg (1,764 lb)
  • Gross weight: 1,000 kg (2,205 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Wright-Hispano H-3 water-cooled upright V-8, 300 kW (400 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn) or more
  • Range: 400 km (250 mi, 220 nmi)

See also[edit]

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Orbis 1985, p. 2615
  2. ^ a b "The Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe". Flight. Vol. XIII, no. 39. 29 September 1921. p. 651.
  3. ^ "The coupe Deutsch". Flight. Vol. XIII, no. 40. 6 October 1921. p. 663.
  4. ^ Sanger, 2002, p.174
  5. ^ "The Race for the Coupe Deutsch Trophy". Flight. Vol. XIV, no. 40. 5 October 1922. p. 573.
  6. ^ a b Hartmann, p.31
  7. ^ Sanger, 2002, p.159, 174, 175
  8. ^ a b Sanger, 2002, p.175
  9. ^ "Sadi Gets it Once More". Flight. Vol. XV, no. 8. 22 February 1923. p. 114.
  10. ^ "The Nieuport-Delage Type 42". Flight. Vol. XVI, no. 30. 24 July 1924. p. 461.

Bibliography[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport-Delage Sesquiplan.
  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing.
  • Hartmann. "Les Avions Nieuport" (PDF). Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  • Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-447-X.


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