Nieuport 12
Nieuport never. 12C.2 | |
---|---|
Type: | Fighter plane |
Design country: | |
Manufacturer: | |
First flight: |
1915 |
Commissioning: |
1915-1917 |
Production time: |
1915-1916 |
The Nieuport 12 was a French two-seater fighter aircraft developed in 1915 by the Societé Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport and used in the First World War .
development
The Nieuport 12 was an enlarged and reinforced version of the very similar Nieuport 10 AR from 1914, in which the observer's seat was already placed behind that of the pilot ( "AR" = "arrière" / rear compared to the earlier version " AV " = " avant "/ front ). Since mid-1915 the remaining Nie. In view of the threat posed by the German Fokker fighter planes, the majority of them had been converted into makeshift single-seaters, there was a need for a more armed two-seater, the Nie. 10 could replace as reconnaissance.
The never. 12 received a transparent wing center section, ailerons reaching to the wing tip and wing struts inclined outwards. The engine used was a Le Rhône 9J rotary engine with 110 hp (82 kW) or a Clerget engine with 100-130 hp (82-97 kW); Machines equipped with the more powerful 130 HP Clerget radial engine were designated as Nieuport 12bis . It was armed with a movable machine gun for the observer and a machine gun for the pilot that fired forward over the propeller on the upper wing.
In order to equip the British Air Force, 50 pieces were produced under license by the Beardmore company in England , which equipped its Nieuports with a synchronized Vickers machine gun for the pilot and a movable Scarff mount for the machine gun in the observer's cockpit, and several in the course of production Made modifications.
commitment
Countries of operation
- Argentina (Naval Air Force)
- Belgium ( Aviation Militaire Belge )
- Chile (one plane)
- France ( Aéronautique Militaire )
- Estonia (Air Force)
- Greece (Royal Navy)
- Japan (Army Aviation Force with 40 Nieuport 81E.2 imported from France and 57 aircraft manufactured under license by Mitsubishi )
- Poland (Air Force)
- Portugal (Air Force)
- Romania ( Royal Air Corps )
- Russia ( Imperial Russian Air Force , Air Fleet of Workers 'and Peasants' Power )
- Serbia
- Siam (royal air force, one plane)
-
Great Britain
-
Royal Flying Corps
- No. 45 Squadron RFC
- No. 46 Squadron RFC
- No. 65 Squadron RFC
- No. 84 Squadron RFC
-
Royal Naval Air Service
- No. 7 Squadron RNAS
- No. 10 Squadron RNAS
-
Royal Flying Corps
-
USA ( American Expeditionary Force ), including
- 147 Never.80E.2
- 173 Never.81D.2
- 244 Never.83E.2
A Nieuport 12 is in the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa , Canada .
Versions
- Nieuport 12A.2 : Two-seater reconnaissance aircraft with 110 HP (82 kW) Clerget 9Z or 110 HP (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J rotary engine.
- Nieuport 12bis C.2 : Performance- enhanced version with 130 PS (97 kW) Clerget 9C engine and aerodynamically shaped chassis
- Nieuport 13 : 2 prototypes with extended wingspan but the same wing area as the production model; one with 140 HP (100 kW) Hispano Suiza engine, the other with 80 HP (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C engine.
- Nieuport 20 : model with 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J engine; 21 pieces were delivered to the Royal Flying Corps, identical to the Nieuport 12bis except for the prototype.
- Nieuport 80E.2 and Nieuport 81 E.2 : Unarmed training aircraft produced in large numbers. The Nieuport 80E.2 had a double control, the Nieuport 81E.2) only a single control.
- Nieuport 83E.2 : two-seater trainer aircraft with a common cockpit
- Nieuport 12 (Beardmore) : In the course of production modified basic model of the Nieuport 12 with 110 or 130 HP Clerget engine.
- Mitsubishi Ko 1 Trainer : Name for 57 Nieuport 81E.2s built under license in Japan
- Trainer type 1 : Term used in Siam for the Nieuport 80E.2
- Sipowicz 1 : test aircraft made in Poland.
From Nieuport 12 also that produced in small quantities trainer aircraft were Nieuport 13B with 80 PS Rhône - rotary engine and the Nieuport 14 with Hispano-Suiza -Motor (150 or 175 hp) derived.
The Nieuport 12 in a performance comparison (around spring 1916)
Surname | country | Motor power | Max. speed | Takeoff mass | Armament | Summit height |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nieuport 12 | France | 110 hp | 144 km / h | 875 kg | 2 MG | 4,300 m |
Morane-Saulnier P. | France | 110 hp | 163 km / h | 760 kg | 2 MG, bombs | 4,800 m |
Morane-Saulnier L | France | 80 hp | 123 km / h | 480 kg | 1 MG | 4,700 m |
Airco DH2 | United Kingdom | 100 hp | 150 km / h | 654 kg | 1 MG | 4,265 m |
RAFFE2 | United Kingdom | 160 hp | 147 km / h | 935 kg | 1-2 MG | 3,353 m |
RAFBE2e | United Kingdom | 90 hp | 145 km / h | 959 kg | 2 MG | 3,500 m |
Aviation C.III | German Empire | 160 hp | 160 km / h | 1,340 kg | 2 MG | 4,500 m |
Fokker E.III | German Empire | 100 hp | 140 km / h | 610 kg | 1 MG | 3,600 m |
Technical specifications
Parameter | Data |
---|---|
crew | 2 |
length | 7.10 m |
span | 9.00 m |
height | 2.70 m |
Wing area | 23.00 m² |
Empty mass | 550 kg |
Takeoff mass | 875 kg |
Engine | an air-cooled radial engine Clerget 9Z, 110 HP starting power |
Wing loading | 38.00 kp / m² |
Power load | 8.00 kg / PS |
Top speed | 144 km / h near the ground |
Rise time | at 1000 m: 4:30 min at 2000 m: 10:30 min at 3000 m: 20 min at 4000 m: 35 min |
Service ceiling | 4,300 m |
Flight duration | 2:30 h |
Armament | two 7.9 mm Hotchkiss or Lewis MG 7.7 mm (.303 inch) |
See also
References
literature
- Enzo Angelucci, Paolo Matricardi: The planes. From the beginning to the First World War. Falken-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1976, ISBN 3-8068-0391-9 , ( Falken manual in color ).
- Kenneth Munson: Warplanes. Fighter and training aircraft 1914–1919. 2nd revised edition. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1976, ISBN 3-280-00824-7 , ( Airplanes of the World in Colors ), pp. 24, 121–122.
- Heinz Nowarra: The Development of Airplanes 1914–1918. Lehmanns, Munich 1959.
Web links
- Nieuport 12 at Canada Aviation Museum, Ottawa - accessed January 20, 2013
- Description - accessed on January 20, 2013
- Replica of a never. 12 in Illinois / USA - accessed January 20, 2013
- Color Profiles - accessed January 20, 2013
- Recordings of various Nie.12 replicas - accessed on January 20, 2013
- [1] - accessed on January 20, 2013
- Photo series from the San Diego Air Space Archive on flickr.com - accessed January 20, 2013
- Profile drawing - accessed January 20, 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - accessed on January 12, 2013