Nieuport 12

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Nieuport never. 12C.2
Nieuport 12 A.2.jpg
Type: Fighter plane
Design country:

FranceFrance France

Manufacturer:

Societé Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport

First flight:

1915

Commissioning:

1915-1917

Production time:

1915-1916

The Nieuport 12 was a French two-seater fighter aircraft developed in 1915 by the Societé Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport and used in the First World War .

development

British Nieuport 12

The Nieuport 12 was an enlarged and reinforced version of the very similar Nieuport 10 AR from 1914, in which the observer's seat was already placed behind that of the pilot ( "AR" = "arrière" / rear compared to the earlier version " AV " = " avant "/ front ). Since mid-1915 the remaining Nie. In view of the threat posed by the German Fokker fighter planes, the majority of them had been converted into makeshift single-seaters, there was a need for a more armed two-seater, the Nie. 10 could replace as reconnaissance.

The never. 12 received a transparent wing center section, ailerons reaching to the wing tip and wing struts inclined outwards. The engine used was a Le Rhône 9J rotary engine with 110 hp (82 kW) or a Clerget engine with 100-130 hp (82-97 kW); Machines equipped with the more powerful 130 HP Clerget radial engine were designated as Nieuport 12bis . It was armed with a movable machine gun for the observer and a machine gun for the pilot that fired forward over the propeller on the upper wing.

In order to equip the British Air Force, 50 pieces were produced under license by the Beardmore company in England , which equipped its Nieuports with a synchronized Vickers machine gun for the pilot and a movable Scarff mount for the machine gun in the observer's cockpit, and several in the course of production Made modifications.

commitment

Countries of operation

A Nieuport 12 is in the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa , Canada .

Versions

  • Nieuport 12A.2 : Two-seater reconnaissance aircraft with 110 HP (82 kW) Clerget 9Z or 110 HP (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J rotary engine.
  • Nieuport 12bis C.2 : Performance- enhanced version with 130 PS (97 kW) Clerget 9C engine and aerodynamically shaped chassis
  • Nieuport 13 : 2 prototypes with extended wingspan but the same wing area as the production model; one with 140 HP (100 kW) Hispano Suiza engine, the other with 80 HP (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C engine.
  • Nieuport 20 : model with 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J engine; 21 pieces were delivered to the Royal Flying Corps, identical to the Nieuport 12bis except for the prototype.
  • Nieuport 80E.2 and Nieuport 81 E.2 : Unarmed training aircraft produced in large numbers. The Nieuport 80E.2 had a double control, the Nieuport 81E.2) only a single control.
  • Nieuport 83E.2 : two-seater trainer aircraft with a common cockpit
  • Nieuport 12 (Beardmore) : In the course of production modified basic model of the Nieuport 12 with 110 or 130 HP Clerget engine.
  • Mitsubishi Ko 1 Trainer : Name for 57 Nieuport 81E.2s built under license in Japan
  • Trainer type 1 : Term used in Siam for the Nieuport 80E.2
  • Sipowicz 1 : test aircraft made in Poland.

From Nieuport 12 also that produced in small quantities trainer aircraft were Nieuport 13B with 80 PS Rhône - rotary engine and the Nieuport 14 with Hispano-Suiza -Motor (150 or 175 hp) derived.

The Nieuport 12 in a performance comparison (around spring 1916)

Surname country Motor power Max. speed Takeoff mass Armament Summit height
Nieuport 12 FranceFrance France 110 hp 144 km / h 875 kg 2 MG 4,300 m
Morane-Saulnier P. FranceFrance France 110 hp 163 km / h 760 kg 2 MG, bombs 4,800 m
Morane-Saulnier L FranceFrance France 80 hp 123 km / h 480 kg 1 MG 4,700 m
Airco DH2 United Kingdom 1801United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom 100 hp 150 km / h 654 kg 1 MG 4,265 m
RAFFE2 United Kingdom 1801United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom 160 hp 147 km / h 935 kg 1-2 MG 3,353 m
RAFBE2e United Kingdom 1801United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom 90 hp 145 km / h 959 kg 2 MG 3,500 m
Aviation C.III German EmpireThe German Imperium German Empire 160 hp 160 km / h 1,340 kg 2 MG 4,500 m
Fokker E.III German EmpireThe German Imperium German Empire 100 hp 140 km / h 610 kg 1 MG 3,600 m

Technical specifications

Three-sided view of Nieuport 12 (Beardmore)
Parameter Data
crew 2
length 7.10 m
span 9.00 m
height 2.70 m
Wing area 23.00 m²
Empty mass 550 kg
Takeoff mass 875 kg
Engine an air-cooled radial engine Clerget 9Z, 110 HP starting power
Wing loading 38.00 kp / m²
Power load 8.00 kg / PS
Top speed 144 km / h near the ground
Rise time at 1000 m: 4:30 min
at 2000 m: 10:30 min
at 3000 m: 20 min
at 4000 m: 35 min
Service ceiling 4,300 m
Flight duration 2:30 h
Armament two 7.9 mm Hotchkiss or Lewis MG 7.7 mm (.303 inch)

See also

References

literature

  • Enzo Angelucci, Paolo Matricardi: The planes. From the beginning to the First World War. Falken-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1976, ISBN 3-8068-0391-9 , ( Falken manual in color ).
  • Kenneth Munson: Warplanes. Fighter and training aircraft 1914–1919. 2nd revised edition. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1976, ISBN 3-280-00824-7 , ( Airplanes of the World in Colors ), pp. 24, 121–122.
  • Heinz Nowarra: The Development of Airplanes 1914–1918. Lehmanns, Munich 1959.

Web links

Commons : Nieuport 12  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - accessed on January 12, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / old.hermannkeist.ch