Onkaparinga River: Difference between revisions
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==Course and features== |
==Course and features== |
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The Onkaparinga River rises on the slopes of the [[Mount Lofty Range]] between [[Mount Torrens]] and [[Charleston, South Australia|Charleston]] and flows generally southwesterly, south of the [[Adelaide city centre]], to reach its [[mouth (river)|mouth]] at [[Port Noarlunga, South Australia|Port Noarlunga]]. The [[drainage basin|catchment area]] is over {{convert|500|km2|abbr=off}} in area, and in part includes the [[protected area]]s of the [[Encounter Marine Park]], the [[Onkaparinga River National Park]], the [[Onkaparinga River Recreation Park]] and the [[Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aquatic Reserves And Marine Parks - Port Noarlunga|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|publisher=PIRSA Fisheries|accessdate=31 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331125626/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|archivedate=31 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= MARINE PARK 15, Encounter |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/9a3a8c59-0f34-4e4a-85e2-a1170127270a/mp-gen-map-15-encounter.pdf |publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=MPpage5>{{cite web|title=Management Plan - Onkaparinga River Reserve|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/c3a54fec-aa3a-4b63-9b6d-9e4f00b1d89c/PARKS_PDFS_ONKAPARINGA_MP.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment and Heritage|accessdate=3 April 2014|pages=5|year=2004}}</ref> The river descends {{convert|422|m}} over its {{convert|88|km|adj=on}} [[watercourse|course]].<ref name=bonzle>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=206979&cmd=sp |title=Map of Onkaparinga River, SA |work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia |date= |access-date=25 March 2017 }}</ref> |
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Noarlunga|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|publisher=PIRSA Fisheries|accessdate=31 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331125626/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|archivedate=31 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= MARINE PARK 15, Encounter |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/9a3a8c59-0f34-4e4a-85e2-a1170127270a/mp-gen-map-15-encounter.pdf |publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=MPpage5>{{cite web|title=Management Plan - Onkaparinga River Reserve|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/c3a54fec-aa3a-4b63-9b6d-9e4f00b1d89c/PARKS_PDFS_ONKAPARINGA_MP.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment and Heritage|accessdate=3 April 2014|pages=5|year=2004}}</ref> The river descends {{convert|422|m}} over its {{convert|88|km|adj=on}} [[watercourse|course]].<ref name=bonzle>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=206979&cmd=sp |title=Map of Onkaparinga River, SA |work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia |date= |access-date=25 March 2017 }}</ref> |
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[[File:Onkaparinga Estuary 1.jpg|thumb|600px|centre|Onkaparinga Estuary on winter afternoon at [[Noarlunga Downs, South Australia|Noarlunga Downs]], facing east]] |
[[File:Onkaparinga Estuary 1.jpg|thumb|600px|centre|Onkaparinga Estuary on winter afternoon at [[Noarlunga Downs, South Australia|Noarlunga Downs]], facing east]] |
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Revision as of 09:16, 25 September 2019
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2015) |
| Onkaparinga | |
|---|---|
 Onkaparinga River estuary | |
  Location of the river mouth in South Australia | |
| Native name | Kaurna: Ngangkiparri Error {{native name checker}}: parameter value is malformed (help) |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | South Australia |
| Region | Southern Adelaide |
| Local government area | City of Onkaparinga |
| Towns | Woodside, Oakbank, Clarendon |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Mount Lofty Range |
| • location | between Charleston and Mount Torrens |
| • elevation | 422 m (1,385 ft) |
| Mouth | Gulf St Vincent |
• location | between Port Noarlunga South and Port Noarlunga |
• coordinates | 35°09′53″S 138°28′10″E / 35.164660°S 138.469520°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 88 km (55 mi) |
| Basin size | 562 km2 (217 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Protected areas | Encounter Marine Park Onkaparinga River National Park Onkaparinga River Recreation Park Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve |
| [1][2][3][4] | |
The Onkaparinga River, known as Ngangkiparri in the Kaurna language, is a river located in the Southern Adelaide region in the Australian state of South Australia.[2]
Course and features
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Noarlunga|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf%7Cpublisher=PIRSA Fisheries|accessdate=31 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331125626/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf%7Carchivedate=31 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>[5][6] The river descends 422 metres (1,385 ft) over its 88-kilometre (55 mi) course.[4]
The Onkaparinga River is the second major river within the Adelaide metropolitan area, after the River Torrens. It is a source of fresh water for Adelaide. Mount Bold Reservoir was constructed between 1932 and 1938 along a section of its path approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) inland. Much of its flow is diverted via a tunnel from the Clarendon Weir to the Happy Valley Reservoir, that in turn supplies some 40 per cent of Adelaide's water supply. Most years the flow to the reservoir is supplemented by water pumped from the River Murray via a pipeline from Murray Bridge.
Downstream from Mount Bold Reservoir is the Clarendon Weir. To maintain levels at Clarendon Weir, water is released only as required. The Onkaparinga Gorge extends from Clarendon to Old Noarlunga. An estuary extends from Old Noarlunga to the river's mouth between the suburbs of Port Noarlunga and Port Noarlunga South. The estuary is a significant breeding area for local marine fish species.
The Coast to Vines rail trail crosses over the river just west of where Main South Road crosses over. The Seaford railway line passes over the river on a 1.2-kilometre (0.75 mi) elevated bridge (known as the Onkaparinga Valley Bridge) which was built between 2011 and 2014.[7]
Etymology
The name derives from the indigenous Kaurna word, Ngangkiparinga, which translates as 'The Women's River'.[8]
In 1837 Surveyor General Colonel William Light named it Field's River, or the Field River, after Lieutenant William George Field RN (1804-1850) of the brig Rapid, who carried out the first surveys in the vicinity of its estuary, but subsequent Governor George Gawler soon reinstated the Indigenous name. The first Europeans to explore its sources and the Onkaparinga Valley were the party of Dr. George Imlay and John Hill in January 1838.[9]
See also
References
- ^ "GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT, 1991, Notice of Declaration of Names of Places" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South Australia: 342. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Search result for "Onkaparinga River, Strm" with the following layers selected - " Prescribed Water Courses", "Local Government Areas", and " SA Government Regions"". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ "Search result for "Onkaparinga River (STRM)" (Record no SA0052262) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities", "Place names (gazetteer)" and "Road Labels"". Property Location Browser. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Map of Onkaparinga River, SA". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
- ^ "MARINE PARK 15, Encounter" (PDF). Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ "Management Plan - Onkaparinga River Reserve" (PDF). Department of Environment and Heritage. 2004. p. 5. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ "Seaford rail extension bridges" (PDF). Department of Transport Energy and Infrastructure. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ "Onkaparinga River Reserve Management Plan 2004". Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- ^ The Colonist, 7 March 1838, p. 2.